cursor / Composer 2.5 Fast session: 836f8a76-31f3-4d1f-9e40-a68ab83f45c9 cwd: /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic
harness
cursor
model
Composer 2.5 Fast
turns
131
tools called
109
events
243
input toks
234,740
output toks
73,919
cache hit
5,229,344
duration
1459.6s
solution.py
final answer
benchmark.log
check.log
result.json
"""Custom CUDA top-k via streaming selection + block merge (SM120)."""
from __future__ import annotations

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

CUDA_SRC = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cfloat>

#define WARP_SIZE 32

__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(int k, float val, int64_t idx,
                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
    if (val <= vals[k - 1]) return;
    int pos = k - 1;
    while (pos > 0 && val > vals[pos - 1]) {
        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
        --pos;
    }
    vals[pos] = val;
    idxs[pos] = idx;
}

template <int K>
__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(float val, int64_t idx,
                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
    insert_desc(K, val, idx, vals, idxs);
}

template <int K>
__device__ void merge_topk(const float* a_val, const int64_t* a_idx,
                           const float* b_val, const int64_t* b_idx,
                           float* out_val, int64_t* out_idx) {
    int ai = 0, bi = 0, oi = 0;
    while (oi < K) {
        if (ai < K && (bi >= K || a_val[ai] > b_val[bi])) {
            out_val[oi] = a_val[ai]; out_idx[oi] = a_idx[ai]; ++ai;
        } else {
            out_val[oi] = b_val[bi]; out_idx[oi] = b_idx[bi]; ++bi;
        }
        ++oi;
    }
}

template <int K>
__host__ __device__ constexpr int threads_for_k() {
    if (K <= 16) return 128;
    return 64;
}

template <int K>
__device__ void block_reduce_topk(float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx,
                                  float* s_val, int64_t* s_idx, int nthreads) {
    int tid = threadIdx.x;
    #pragma unroll
    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
        s_val[tid * K + j] = local_val[j];
        s_idx[tid * K + j] = local_idx[j];
    }
    __syncthreads();
    for (int stride = nthreads / 2; stride >= 1; stride >>= 1) {
        if (tid < stride) {
            float tmp[K]; int64_t tidx[K];
            merge_topk<K>(s_val + tid * K, s_idx + tid * K,
                          s_val + (tid + stride) * K, s_idx + (tid + stride) * K,
                          tmp, tidx);
            #pragma unroll
            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
                s_val[tid * K + j] = tmp[j];
                s_idx[tid * K + j] = tidx[j];
            }
        }
        __syncthreads();
    }
}

__device__ __forceinline__ void warp_reduce_max(float val, int64_t idx,
                                                float& out_val, int64_t& out_idx) {
    for (int offset = WARP_SIZE / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
        float ov = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
        int64_t oi = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, idx, offset);
        if (ov > val) { val = ov; idx = oi; }
    }
    out_val = val; out_idx = idx;
}

__global__ void topk1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
                             float* __restrict__ out_vals,
                             int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
                             int batch, int n) {
    int row = blockIdx.x;
    if (row >= batch) return;
    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
    float best = -FLT_MAX;
    int64_t best_i = 0;

    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
        if (v.x > best) { best = v.x; best_i = i; }
        if (v.y > best) { best = v.y; best_i = i + 1; }
        if (v.z > best) { best = v.z; best_i = i + 2; }
        if (v.w > best) { best = v.w; best_i = i + 3; }
    }
    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
        float v = row_in[i];
        if (v > best) { best = v; best_i = i; }
    }

    __shared__ float sv[32];
    __shared__ int64_t si[32];
    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31, wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
    float wv = best; int64_t wi = best_i;
    warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
    if (lane == 0) { sv[wid] = wv; si[wid] = wi; }
    __syncthreads();
    if (wid == 0) {
        wv = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? sv[lane] : -FLT_MAX;
        wi = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? si[lane] : 0;
        warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
        if (lane == 0) { out_vals[row] = wv; out_idxs[row] = wi; }
    }
}

template <int K>
__device__ void scan_row_topk(const float* row_in, int n,
                              float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx) {
    #pragma unroll
    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { local_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[j] = 0; }

    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
        insert_desc<K>(v.x, (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
        insert_desc<K>(v.y, (int64_t)(i + 1), local_val, local_idx);
        insert_desc<K>(v.z, (int64_t)(i + 2), local_val, local_idx);
        insert_desc<K>(v.w, (int64_t)(i + 3), local_val, local_idx);
    }
    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
        insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
    }
}

template <int K>
__global__ void topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
                            float* __restrict__ out_vals,
                            int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
                            int batch, int n) {
    int row = blockIdx.x;
    if (row >= batch) return;
    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
    float local_val[K]; int64_t local_idx[K];
    scan_row_topk<K>(row_in, n, local_val, local_idx);

    extern __shared__ char smem[];
    float* s_val = reinterpret_cast<float*>(smem);
    int64_t* s_idx = reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(s_val + blockDim.x * K);
    block_reduce_topk<K>(local_val, local_idx, s_val, s_idx, blockDim.x);

    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
        #pragma unroll
        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
            out_vals[(int64_t)row * K + j] = s_val[j];
            out_idxs[(int64_t)row * K + j] = s_idx[j];
        }
    }
}

template <int K>
__global__ void topk_slice_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
                                  float* __restrict__ partial_vals,
                                  int64_t* __restrict__ partial_idxs,
                                  int row, int n, int num_blocks) {
    int bid = blockIdx.x;
    if (bid >= num_blocks) return;
    int slice = (n + num_blocks - 1) / num_blocks;
    int start = bid * slice;
    int end = min(start + slice, n);
    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;

    float local_val[K]; int64_t local_idx[K];
    #pragma unroll
    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { local_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[j] = 0; }

    int i = start + threadIdx.x * 4;
    for (; i + 3 < end; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
        insert_desc<K>(v.x, (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
        insert_desc<K>(v.y, (int64_t)(i + 1), local_val, local_idx);
        insert_desc<K>(v.z, (int64_t)(i + 2), local_val, local_idx);
        insert_desc<K>(v.w, (int64_t)(i + 3), local_val, local_idx);
    }
    for (; i < end; i += blockDim.x) {
        insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
    }

    extern __shared__ char smem[];
    float* s_val = reinterpret_cast<float*>(smem);
    int64_t* s_idx = reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(s_val + blockDim.x * K);
    block_reduce_topk<K>(local_val, local_idx, s_val, s_idx, blockDim.x);

    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
        #pragma unroll
        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
            partial_vals[(int64_t)bid * K + j] = s_val[j];
            partial_idxs[(int64_t)bid * K + j] = s_idx[j];
        }
    }
}

template <int K>
__global__ void topk_merge_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial_vals,
                                  const int64_t* __restrict__ partial_idxs,
                                  float* __restrict__ out_vals,
                                  int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
                                  int row, int num_partials) {
    float local_val[K]; int64_t local_idx[K];
    #pragma unroll
    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { local_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[j] = 0; }

    for (int p = threadIdx.x; p < num_partials; p += blockDim.x) {
        #pragma unroll
        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
            insert_desc<K>(partial_vals[(int64_t)p * K + j],
                           partial_idxs[(int64_t)p * K + j],
                           local_val, local_idx);
        }
    }

    extern __shared__ char smem[];
    float* s_val = reinterpret_cast<float*>(smem);
    int64_t* s_idx = reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(s_val + blockDim.x * K);
    block_reduce_topk<K>(local_val, local_idx, s_val, s_idx, blockDim.x);

    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
        #pragma unroll
        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
            out_vals[(int64_t)row * K + j] = s_val[j];
            out_idxs[(int64_t)row * K + j] = s_idx[j];
        }
    }
}

template <int K>
void launch_topk(const float* in, float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs,
                 int batch, int n, cudaStream_t stream,
                 float* partial_vals, int64_t* partial_idxs, int partial_cap) {
    constexpr int T = threads_for_k<K>();
    size_t smem = (size_t)T * K * (sizeof(float) + sizeof(int64_t));

    if (batch == 1 && n >= 65536 && partial_vals != nullptr) {
        int num_blocks = min(partial_cap, (n + T - 1) / T);
        topk_slice_kernel<K><<<num_blocks, T, smem, stream>>>(
            in, partial_vals, partial_idxs, 0, n, num_blocks);
        topk_merge_kernel<K><<<1, T, smem, stream>>>(
            partial_vals, partial_idxs, out_vals, out_idxs, 0, num_blocks);
    } else {
        topk_kernel<K><<<batch, T, smem, stream>>>(in, out_vals, out_idxs, batch, n);
    }
}

void dispatch_topk(const torch::Tensor& input, torch::Tensor& out_vals,
                   torch::Tensor& out_idxs, int k,
                   torch::Tensor& partial_vals, torch::Tensor& partial_idxs) {
    const float* in_ptr = input.data_ptr<float>();
    float* val_ptr = out_vals.data_ptr<float>();
    int64_t* idx_ptr = out_idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>();
    int batch = (int)input.size(0);
    int n = (int)input.size(1);
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    float* pval = partial_vals.defined() && partial_vals.numel() > 0
        ? partial_vals.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;
    int64_t* pidx = partial_idxs.defined() && partial_idxs.numel() > 0
        ? partial_idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>() : nullptr;
    int partial_cap = partial_vals.defined() ? (int)partial_vals.size(0) : 0;

    if (k == 1) {
        topk1_kernel<<<batch, 256, 0, stream>>>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n);
    } else if (k == 8) {
        launch_topk<8>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
    } else if (k == 16) {
        launch_topk<16>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
    } else if (k == 32) {
        launch_topk<32>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
    } else if (k == 64) {
        launch_topk<64>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
    } else {
        TORCH_CHECK(false, "unsupported k=", k);
    }
}

std::vector<torch::Tensor> topk_cuda(torch::Tensor input, int k,
                                       torch::Tensor partial_vals,
                                       torch::Tensor partial_idxs) {
    TORCH_CHECK(input.is_cuda() && input.dtype() == torch::kFloat32);
    TORCH_CHECK(input.dim() == 2);
    auto opts_f = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kFloat32).device(input.device());
    auto opts_i = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kInt64).device(input.device());
    auto values = torch::empty({(int)input.size(0), k}, opts_f);
    auto indices = torch::empty({(int)input.size(0), k}, opts_i);
    dispatch_topk(input.contiguous(), values, indices, k, partial_vals, partial_idxs);
    return {values, indices};
}

PYBIND11_MODULE(TORCH_EXTENSION_NAME, m) {
    m.def("topk_cuda", &topk_cuda, "Custom top-k (values, indices)");
}
"""

CUDA_FLAGS = [
    "-O3",
    "--use_fast_math",
    "-lineinfo",
    "-gencode=arch=compute_120,code=sm_120",
]

_topk_ext = None
_partial_cache: dict[tuple[int, int, str], tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}


def _get_ext():
    global _topk_ext
    if _topk_ext is None:
        _topk_ext = load_inline(
            name="topk_cuda_ext",
            cpp_sources="",
            cuda_sources=CUDA_SRC,
            functions=None,
            extra_cuda_cflags=CUDA_FLAGS,
            verbose=False,
        )
    return _topk_ext


def _get_partial_workspace(k: int, cap: int, device: torch.device):
    key = (k, cap, str(device))
    if key not in _partial_cache:
        _partial_cache[key] = (
            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.float32, device=device),
            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
        )
    return _partial_cache[key]


class Model(nn.Module):
    """Top-k over the last dim of a 2D tensor."""

    def __init__(self, batch: int, n: int, k: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.batch, self.n, self.k = batch, n, k
        self.register_buffer("_dummy", torch.zeros(1))
        self._use_slice = batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1
        self._partial_cap = min(1024, (n + 63) // 64) if self._use_slice else 0

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
        ext = _get_ext()
        if self._use_slice:
            pv, pi = _get_partial_workspace(self.k, self._partial_cap, x.device)
        else:
            pv = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.float32, device=x.device)
            pi = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.int64, device=x.device)
        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, pv, pi)


batch = 64
n = 8192
k = 8


def get_inputs():
    x = torch.randn(batch, n, dtype=torch.float32)
    return [x]


def get_init_inputs():
    return [batch, n, k]
Exploring the workspace and reference implementation to understand the interface and optimization targets. Checking the environment and exploring top-k implementation strategies. Implementing a CUDA top-k kernel with shape-specific paths, starting with a baseline and iterating from benchmark results. Forbidden-op grep matched a comment; removing that reference and re-running checks. Shared memory exceeded limits — rewriting the kernel to use warp-level reduction. Rewriting the CUDA kernels with thread counts tuned to shared-memory limits. Fixing `write_topk` template and state_dict compatibility for partial buffers. Partial buffers can't be in state_dict — moving them to a module-level cache. Tree reduction fails with 96 threads (not a power of 2). Switching to power-of-2 thread counts. Correctness passes. Running the benchmark and optimizing performance. Implementing radix-select top-k to replace O(n·k) insertion — the main performance bottleneck. Fixing shared-memory overflow by switching to a sequential merge. Fixing the broken CUDA structure in the file. Histogram buckets 128–255 aren't zeroed when using 128 threads — fixing initialization. Simplifying collection: use a single pass with `u >= thresh_u` and proper top-K insertion. Restoring the passing streaming kernel and adding vectorized loads and other optimizations. Re-adding a corrected radix path for k>1; histogram initialization was the main bug. Using streaming for the large single-row case; radix for other k>1 shapes. Radix selection still has correctness issues. Reverting to the passing streaming kernel and tuning performance parameters. Adding a tile-based bitonic path for k=32 and k=64 to improve performance on the slow shapes. Tiled bitonic slowed k=32; reverting to the faster streaming scan. `check.py` reports **PASS**. Here is what landed in `solution.py`: ## Implementation Custom CUDA kernel (via `torch.utils.cpp_extension.load_inline`, SM120) with three paths: 1. **k=1 (argmax)** — vectorized `float4` loads, warp shuffle reduction, one block per row. ~193 GB/s on shape 4 (128×4096), beating `torch.topk` (~156 GB/s). 2. **k>1, batched rows** — one block per row; each thread streams the row with `float4` loads, maintains a sorted top-k in registers, then tree-merges in shared memory (power-of-2 thread counts: 128 for k≤16, 64 for k=32/64). 3. **Large vocab (1×131072×64)** — multi-block slice pass (up to 1024 blocks) + single-block merge, reusing cached partial workspace. ## Performance (benchmark) | Shape | Config | GB/s | vs torch.topk | |-------|--------|------|---------------| | 0 | 1×131072×64 | ~0.28 | ~30× slower (compute-bound selection) | | 1 | 64×8192×8 | ~55 | Matches | | 2 | 32×16384×32 | ~2.4 | ~23× slower (O(n·k) inserts) | | 3 | 16×12000×16 | ~4.0 | Moderate | | 4 | 128×4096×1 | ~193 | **Beats** reference | Geomean peak fraction ≈ 0.4% of DRAM roofline — dominated by shapes 0 and 2 where per-element top-k insertion is expensive compared to PyTorch’s radix-select internals. ## What was tried - **8-bit radix selection** — faster in theory, but subtle correctness bugs (histogram init, tie handling) prevented reliable PASS across all shapes/seeds. - **Tiled bitonic sort for k≥32** — regressed on shape 2. The shipping solution prioritizes **correctness across all shapes, seeds, and numeric stress cases** while matching or beating `torch.topk` on the batched small-k and argmax shapes. Closing the gap on the decoder-vocab (131K×64) and mid-k (32×16384×32) shapes would need a correct GPU radix-select or CUB-based partial sort — the main direction for further work.
warning: `VIRTUAL_ENV=/home/infatoshi/kernelbench.com/benchmarks/hard/.venv` does not match the project environment path `/home/infatoshi/kernelbench.com/benchmarks/hard/outputs/runs/20260615_120752_cursor_composer-2.5-fast_05_topk_bitonic/repo/.venv` and will be ignored; use `--active` to target the active environment instead
benchmark_event event=variant_start shape=0 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:33:36.334278+00:00
benchmark_event event=variant_end shape=0 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:33:36.467775+00:00 elapsed_s=0.133 ms=1.852128
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.000 gbps=0.283 ms=1.852
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.0002
benchmark_event event=variant_start shape=1 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:33:36.469748+00:00
benchmark_event event=variant_end shape=1 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:33:36.476497+00:00 elapsed_s=0.007 ms=0.038048
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.055 gbps=55.280 ms=0.038
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.0307
benchmark_event event=variant_start shape=2 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:33:36.478189+00:00
benchmark_event event=variant_end shape=2 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:33:36.535566+00:00 elapsed_s=0.057 ms=0.882048
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.002 gbps=2.392 ms=0.882
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.0013
benchmark_event event=variant_start shape=3 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:33:36.536191+00:00
benchmark_event event=variant_end shape=3 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:33:36.552124+00:00 elapsed_s=0.016 ms=0.190160
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.004 gbps=4.055 ms=0.190
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.0023
benchmark_event event=variant_start shape=4 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:33:36.553427+00:00
benchmark_event event=variant_end shape=4 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:33:36.558671+00:00 elapsed_s=0.005 ms=0.011664
shape=4 variant=solution tflops=0.180 gbps=179.929 ms=0.012
shape=4 solution_peak_fraction=0.1000
peak_fraction: 0.0043
RESULT: LOW
warning: `VIRTUAL_ENV=/home/infatoshi/kernelbench.com/benchmarks/hard/.venv` does not match the project environment path `/home/infatoshi/kernelbench.com/benchmarks/hard/outputs/runs/20260615_120752_cursor_composer-2.5-fast_05_topk_bitonic/repo/.venv` and will be ignored; use `--active` to target the active environment instead
warning: Ignoring existing virtual environment linked to non-existent Python interpreter: /home/infatoshi/kernelbench.com/benchmarks/hard/outputs/runs/20260615_120752_cursor_composer-2.5-fast_05_topk_bitonic/repo/.venv/bin/python3 -> python
Using CPython 3.11.15
Removed virtual environment at: /home/infatoshi/kernelbench.com/benchmarks/hard/outputs/runs/20260615_120752_cursor_composer-2.5-fast_05_topk_bitonic/repo/.venv
Creating virtual environment at: /home/infatoshi/kernelbench.com/benchmarks/hard/outputs/runs/20260615_120752_cursor_composer-2.5-fast_05_topk_bitonic/repo/.venv
   Building kernelbench-hard @ file:///home/infatoshi/kernelbench.com/benchmarks/hard/outputs/runs/20260615_120752_cursor_composer-2.5-fast_05_topk_bitonic/repo
      Built kernelbench-hard @ file:///home/infatoshi/kernelbench.com/benchmarks/hard/outputs/runs/20260615_120752_cursor_composer-2.5-fast_05_topk_bitonic/repo
Installed 56 packages in 66ms
PASS
{
    "run_id": "20260615_120752_cursor_composer-2.5-fast_05_topk_bitonic",
    "run_group": "",
    "problem": "05_topk_bitonic",
    "harness": "cursor",
    "model": "composer-2.5-fast",
    "reasoning_effort": "",
    "started_at": "2026-06-15T12:07:52-06:00",
    "harness_finished_at": "2026-06-15T12:32:14-06:00",
    "finished_at": "2026-06-15T12:33:36-06:00",
    "start_epoch": 1781546872,
    "harness_end_epoch": 1781548334,
    "end_epoch": 1781548416,
    "has_solution": true,
    "correct": true,
    "failure_reason": "pass",
    "retryable_infra_failure": false,
    "minimum_useful_output_tokens": 5000,
    "peak_fraction": 0.0043,
    "template_mutated": false,
    "elapsed_seconds": 1462,
    "total_elapsed_seconds": 1544,
    "check_elapsed_seconds": 81,
    "benchmark_elapsed_seconds": 1,
    "check_timeout_seconds": 180,
    "benchmark_timeout_seconds": 1800,
    "check_exit_code": 0,
    "benchmark_exit_code": 0,
    "harness_exit_code": 0,
    "session_complete": true,
    "agent_cuda_disabled": false,
    "agent_container": true,
    "agent_container_image": "nvcr.io/nvidia/tensorrt-llm/release:latest",
    "agent_container_network": "bridge",
    "gpu_queue_mode": "agent_container_native_profiling_path_wrapper_gpu_lock",
    "output_tokens_per_second": 50.56019151846785,
    "usage": {"input_tokens": 234740, "output_tokens": 73919, "cache_read_tokens": 5229344, "cache_creation_tokens": 0, "reasoning_tokens": null, "total_cost_usd": null}
}

timeline (243 events)

system — init
session start cwd=/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic model=Composer 2.5 Fast permissions=default
user
I need you to optimize a top-k kernel for the RTX PRO 6000 (SM120 Blackwell, GDDR7, 1.8 TB/s). The reference implementation is in reference.py and your kernel goes in solution.py. You can make whatever mess you want in this directory — scratch files, intermediate kernels, build artifacts, profiling traces — but the final answer has to be in solution.py with the same Model, get_inputs, and get_init_inputs interface as reference.py. The input is a 2D fp32 tensor and you return the top-k values and their int64 indices along the last dim, sorted descending, same contract as torch.topk(largest=True, sorted=True). Correctness tolerance is 1e-4 abs/rel on the values; index ties are handled leniently — what matters is the returned values match the reference to tolerance, not that the index sets are bitwise identical. The shapes you have to handle are batch=1 n=131072 k=64 (decoder vocab top-k over a Llama-size vocabulary), batch=64 n=8192 k=8 (prefill / attention top-k), batch=32 n=16384 k=32 (mid-size batched), batch=16 n=12000 k=16 (non-power-of-two n, which bitonic networks don't naturally want), and batch=128 n=4096 k=1 (batched argmax). This needs to be a real custom kernel — CUDA C++ via torch.utils.cpp_extension.load_inline, Triton, inline PTX, or CUTLASS, whatever you think fits. Don't reach for torch.topk, torch.kthvalue, torch.sort, or torch.argsort, or any of their Tensor.* / torch.ops.aten.* variants; they're off-limits and using them fails correctness. Anything you're uncertain about, look up PTX docs, clone CUTLASS or other reference repos, read library headers, and investigate. Your flywheel is implement, profile (ncu, nsys, torch.profiler — whatever's useful) and time it with benchmark.py, verify correctness by running `python check.py` and reading the output, then iterate. Don't substitute your own one-off correctness snippets for check.py — it iterates over every shape, your spot-check almost certainly won't. If `python check.py` hasn't printed PASS, you're not done. Take as long as you need to actually push the number up. Workspace isolation note: you are already running inside the archive-local problem workspace, /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic. Write the final answer to solution.py in the current directory only. The source repository's problems/ tree is not mounted. Container note: inside this run, the visible workspace path is /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic. The source repository, old runs, leaderboards, and host harness memory are not mounted. Container network mode is bridge. Run all Python through `uv run ...` so you use the workspace uv environment; it is built from the same uv.lock as the official scoring environment. The container image's system python has a different torch build and is NOT the scoring environment.
assistant
Exploring the workspace and reference implementation to understand the interface and optimization targets.
assistant
glob
args
{
  "targetDirectory": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic",
  "globPattern": "**/*"
}
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/reference.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/reference.py"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (1561 chars) — TRUNCATED
"""Naive top-k reference: torch.topk over the last dim.

This is the correctness oracle. The agent's solution must produce the same
top-k values (and equivalent indices modulo ties) within the tolerance
declared in problem.yaml. Note that solution.py is FORBIDDEN from calling
torch.topk / torch.sort / torch.kthvalue (see problem.yaml).
"""
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

OP_TYPE = "topk"
SUPPORTED_PRECISIONS = ["fp32"]
HARDWARE_REQUIRED = ["RTX_PRO_6000", "H100", "B200"]


class Model(nn.Module):
    """Top-k over the last dim of a 2D tensor.

    Input:
        x: (batch, n) fp32
    Output:
        values:  (batch, k) fp32, sorted descending
        indices: (batch, k) int64, into the last dim of x
    """

    def __init__(self, batch: int, n: int, k: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.batch, self.n, self.k = batch, n, k
        # No learned parameters, but declare a dummy buffer so state_dict
        # is non-empty and load_state_dict(strict=True) is meaningful.
        self.register_buffer("_dummy", torch.zeros(1))

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
        values, indices = torch.topk(x, k=self.k, dim=-1, largest=True, sorted=True)
        return values, indices


# Module-level shims rebuilt by check.py / benchmark.py per shape.
batch = 64
n = 8192
k = 8


def get_inputs():
    # fp32 input drawn from a roughly Gaussian distribution; ties unlikely
    # but possible. Seed is set by the caller.
    x = torch.randn(batch, n, dtype=torch.float32)
    

... (61 more chars)
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py"
}
tool
stderr (30 chars)
errorMessage: 'File not found'
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/benchmark.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/benchmark.py"
}
tool
stdout (6286 chars) — TRUNCATED
"""Correctness runner for TopK.

Runs solution.Model vs reference.Model across all shapes in shapes.py, 3 seeds
each. Top-k correctness has two parts:

  1. VALUES: sol_values must match ref_values within fp32 tol. Both are
     returned sorted descending, so positional comparison is well-defined.
  2. INDICES: lenient — we do NOT require sol_indices == ref_indices because
     ties in x can yield multiple valid index sets. Instead we gather x at
     sol_indices and check those values match ref_values within tol. This
     catches "wrong indices" without false-failing on legitimate tie-breaks.

Also rejects forbidden ops by grep.
"""
import re
import sys
from pathlib import Path

import torch
import yaml

REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
sys.path.insert(0, str(REPO_ROOT))

from src.eval.correctness import check_correctness  # noqa: E402
from src.eval.numeric_stress import (  # noqa: E402
    numeric_stress_cases,
    numeric_stress_context,
    tolerance_for_case,
)


def main():
    try:
        import reference
        import shapes
        import solution
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"FAIL: import error: {e}")
        sys.exit(1)

    problem_yaml = Path("problem.yaml")
    meta = yaml.safe_load(problem_yaml.read_text()) if problem_yaml.exists() else {}

    # --- Forbidden-op check ------------------------------------------------
    sol_src = Path("solution.py").read_text() if Path("solution.py").exists() else ""
    for forbidden in meta.get

... (4786 more chars)
tool
stdout (5076 chars) — TRUNCATED
"""Roofline benchmark for TopK.

For each shape: times eager reference (torch.topk), compiled reference, SOTA
(also torch.topk — see sota.py), and the agent's solution. Reports achieved
TFLOPS, GB/s, and peak_fraction (vs DRAM bandwidth, since this is memory-bound).

Output lines the harness picks up:
  shape=<idx> variant=<name> tflops=<N> gbps=<N> ms=<N>
  peak_fraction: <N>  (geomean over shapes of solution's peak_fraction)
"""
import sys
from math import exp, log
from pathlib import Path

import torch
import yaml

REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
sys.path.insert(0, str(REPO_ROOT))

from src.eval.roofline import compute_gbps, compute_tflops, peak_fraction  # noqa: E402
from src.eval.timing import benchmark_baselines_enabled, time_variant  # noqa: E402
from src.hardware import get as get_hw  # noqa: E402


def _eval_formula(expr: str, vars: dict) -> float:
    return float(eval(expr, {"__builtins__": {}}, vars))


def main():
    import reference
    import shapes
    import solution

    meta = yaml.safe_load(Path("problem.yaml").read_text())
    hw = get_hw(meta["hardware"][0])
    peak_tflops = hw.peak_tflops_dense.get(meta["peak_tflops_key"], 0.0)
    peak_gbps = hw.peak_bandwidth_gb_s
    regime = meta.get("regime", "memory")
    flops_formula = meta["flops_formula"]
    bytes_formula = meta["bytes_formula"]
    num_perf_trials = int(meta.get("num_perf_trials", 50))

    device = torch.device("cuda:0")
    include_baselines = benchmark_baselines_enabled(

... (3576 more chars)
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/shapes.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/shapes.py"
}
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/problem.yaml
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/problem.yaml"
}
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/sota.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/sota.py"
}
tool
stdout (925 chars)
"""Canonical shape sweep for TopK.

Mix of:
  - decoder vocab top-k (single sequence, very large n, moderate k) — pure
    bandwidth test; the input read dominates everything.
  - prefill / batched attention top-k (many rows, moderate n, small k) — tests
    per-row parallelism and shared-memory bitonic networks.
  - non-power-of-2 n stress case — bitonic sort networks naturally want
    powers of two; this forces the agent to handle padding or partial sorts.
  - small-k limit — k=1 (argmax) is a degenerate but useful sanity case.
"""

SHAPES = [
    {"batch": 1,   "n": 131072, "k": 64},   # decoder vocab top-k (Llama vocab ~128k)
    {"batch": 64,  "n": 8192,   "k": 8},    # prefill / attention top-k
    {"batch": 32,  "n": 16384,  "k": 32},   # mid-size batched
    {"batch": 16,  "n": 12000,  "k": 16},   # non-power-of-2 n stress
    {"batch": 128, "n": 4096,   "k": 1},    # batched argmax (k=1 corner case)
]
tool
stdout (2197 chars) — TRUNCATED
name: 05_topk_bitonic
display_name: "TopK via Bitonic Sort"
precision: fp32
regime: memory

# Top-k is dominated by the input read (small output, no reduction over k).
# Comparator-network FLOPs are not the bottleneck on real hardware, so we
# track them but score on bandwidth.
flops_formula: "batch * n * 4"            # ~O(n log^2 n) compares total, but the
                                          # bitonic network is so cheap relative
                                          # to memory that a coarse 4*n estimate
                                          # is fine for telemetry only.
bytes_formula: "batch * n * 4 + batch * k * (4 + 8)"  # fp32 input read + (fp32 value + int64 idx) output

hardware: [RTX_PRO_6000]
peak_tflops_key: fp32
peak_bandwidth_key: dram

# Top-k correctness:
#   - VALUES must match within fp32 atol/rtol (the kth largest value is
#     well-defined modulo float-equal ties, so we use a loose-ish tol).
#   - INDICES are checked leniently: for each row, the multiset of returned
#     indices must select values that match ref values within tol. Direct
#     index equality is NOT required (ties in x can yield different valid
#     index sets).
tolerance:
  float32: 1.0e-4

# Forbidden ops — using any of these in solution.py fails correctness post-hoc.
# This problem is about IMPLEMENTING the selection, not dispatching to PyTorch's
# tuned top-k. torch.sort is also banned because torch.topk falls back to it.
forbidden:
  - "torch.topk"
  - "torch.kthvalue"

... (697 more chars)
tool
stdout (943 chars)
"""SOTA reference for TopK: torch.topk itself.

torch.topk dispatches to a CUB-backed kernel that uses radix-select for
moderate k and a tuned bitonic sort for small n. It is the bar the agent's
hand-rolled bitonic kernel must beat. There is no obvious vendor library that
does better on the (batch, n, k) shape mix we evaluate — Faiss BlockSelect is
specialized for k>=32 with much larger n, and CUB's DeviceSegmentedRadixSort
sorts the full row (overkill for top-k).

This file is INTENTIONALLY allowed to call torch.topk because it is the SOTA
oracle, not the agent's submission. The agent's solution.py is forbidden from
using torch.topk (see problem.yaml.forbidden).
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import torch


def sota_forward(x: torch.Tensor, k: int):
    """Best-available top-k reference. x: (batch, n) fp32."""
    return torch.topk(x, k=k, dim=-1, largest=True, sorted=True)


def is_available() -> bool:
    return True
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python -c \"import torch; print(torch.cuda.get_device_name(0)); print(torch.version.cuda); print(torch.__version__); props=torch.cuda.get_device_properties(0); print(f'SM={props.major}.{props.minor}, mem={props.total_memory/1e9:.1f}GB')\"",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_fba77c68-4347-4089-822a-8a9f4e6c450",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": false,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      

... (1454 more chars)
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Checking the environment and exploring top-k implementation strategies.
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "<192 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_8529998f-8f51-4121-92e6-d6f2c647fd7",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": false,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
      },
      {
        "name": "

... (1019 more chars)
command (192 chars)
cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python -c "
import torch
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
print('CUDA extension works')
# Check if cub is available via cuda
"
tool
stderr (104 chars)
error: 'Glob pattern "**/*" matches every file and is not allowed. Use a more specific glob or no glob.'
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "nvcc --version 2>/dev/null; ls /usr/local/cuda/include/cub 2>/dev/null | head -5",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_a4e8ac19-e6a9-412f-a616-2a5da625f7a",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "nvcc",
    "ls",
    "head"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "nvcc",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "--version"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "nvcc --version"
      },
      {


... (1090 more chars)
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Implementing a CUDA top-k kernel with shape-specific paths, starting with a baseline and iterating from benchmark results.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (477 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- /dev/null
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+"""Custom CUDA top-k kernel for RTX PRO 6000 (SM120).
+
+Per-row streaming selection with block-local merge and bitonic sort for the
+final k elements. Uses load_inline CUDA — no torch.topk / sort.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
+
+CUDA_SRC = r"""
+#include <torch/extension.h>
+#include <cuda.h>
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cfloat>
+
+#define WARP_SIZE 32
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ int float_cmp_gt(float a, float b) {
+    return a > b;
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void swap_pair(float& va, int64_t& ia, float& vb, int64_t& ib) {
+    float tv = va; int64_t ti = ia;
+    va = vb; ia = ib;
+    vb = tv; ib = ti;
+}
+
+// Insert (val, idx) into sorted-descending arrays of length K (K <= 64).
+template <int K>
+__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_topk(float val, int64_t idx,
+                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    if (!float_cmp_gt(val, vals[K - 1])) return;
+    int pos = K - 1;
+    while (pos > 0 && float_cmp_gt(val, vals[pos - 1])) {
+        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
+        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
+        --pos;
+    }
+    vals[pos] = val;
+    idxs[pos] = idx;
+}
+
+// Bitonic sort (descending) for N power-of-two, vals/idxs length N in shared mem.
+template <int N>
+__device__ void bitonic_sort_desc(float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    for (int k = 2; k <= N; k <<= 1) {
+        for (int j = k >> 1; j > 0; j >>= 1) {
+            for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < N; i += blockDim.x) {
+                int ixj = i ^ j;
+                if (ixj > i) {
+                    bool asc = ((i & k) == 0);
+                    bool swap_it = asc ? (vals[i] < vals[ixj]) : (vals[i] > vals[ixj]);
+                    if (swap_it) swap_pair(vals[i], idxs[i], vals[ixj], idxs[ixj]);
+                }
+            }
+            __syncthreads();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Merge two sorted-desc arrays of size K into one sorted-desc array of size K.
+template <int K>
+__device__ void merge_topk(float* a_val, int64_t* a_idx,
+                           float* b_val, int64_t* b_idx,
+                           float* out_val, int64_t* out_idx) {
+    int ai = 0, bi = 0, oi = 0;
+    while (oi < K) {
+        if (ai < K && (bi >= K || float_cmp_gt(a_val[ai], b_val[bi]))) {
+            out_val[oi] = a_val[ai]; out_idx[oi] = a_idx[ai]; ++ai;
+        } else {
+            out_val[oi] = b_val[bi]; out_idx[oi] = b_idx[bi]; ++bi;
+        }
+        ++oi;
+    }
+}
+
+// Warp reduce max for k=1
+__device__ __forceinline__ void warp_reduce_max(float val, int64_t idx,
+                                                float& out_val, int64_t& out_idx) {
+    for (int offset = WARP_SIZE / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+        float other_val = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
+        int64_t other_idx = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, idx, offset);
+        if (other_val > val) { val = other_val; idx = other_idx; }
+    }
+    out_val = val; out_idx = idx;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// k == 1 kernel: one block per row
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+__global__ void topk1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input,
+                             float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                             int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                             int batch, int n) {
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
+    if (row >= batch) return;
+
+    const float* row_in = input + (int64_t)row * n;
+    float best_val = -FLT_MAX;
+    int64_t best_idx = 0;
+
+    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        float v = row_in[i];
+        if (v > best_val) { best_val = v; best_idx = i; }
+    }
+
+    __shared__ float s_val[32];
+    __shared__ int64_t s_idx[32];
+
+    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;
+    int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
+    float wval = best_val;
+    int64_t widx = best_idx;
+    warp_reduce_max(wval, widx, wval, widx);
+
+    if (lane == 0) { s_val[wid] = wval; s_idx[wid] = widx; }
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    if (wid == 0) {
+        wval = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? s_val[lane] : -FLT_MAX;
+        widx = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? s_idx[lane] : 0;
+        warp_reduce_max(wval, widx, wval, widx);
+        if (lane == 0) {
+            out_vals[row] = wval;
+            out_idxs[row] = widx;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// General top-k: one block per row, threads stream n with local top-k
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+template <int K, int MAX_K>
+__global__ void topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input,
+                            float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                            int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                            int batch, int n) {
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
+    if (row >= batch) return;
+
+    const float* row_in = input + (int64_t)row * n;
+
+    // Per-thread local top-k in registers
+    float local_val[MAX_K];
+    int64_t local_idx[MAX_K];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) {
+        local_val[i] = -FLT_MAX;
+        local_idx[i] = 0;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        insert_topk<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
+    }
+
+    // Shared memory for block reduction: each thread contributes K elements
+    extern __shared__ char smem[];
+    float* s_val = reinterpret_cast<float*>(smem);
+    int64_t* s_idx = reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(s_val + blockDim.x * K);
+
+    int tid

... (11021 more chars)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<16461 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_446c876b-7ec2-4b14-9c70-0ae63cfc20b",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bi

... (899 more chars)
tool
stdout (351 chars)
failure:
  command: 'cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1'
  workingDirectory: ''
  exitCode: 1
  signal: ''
  stdout:
    FAIL: forbidden op used: torch.topk
  stderr: ''
  executionTime: 854
  interleavedOutput:
    FAIL: forbidden op used: torch.topk
  aborted: False
  localExecutionTimeMs: 795
isBackground: False
assistant
Forbidden-op grep matched a comment; removing that reference and re-running checks.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (478 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,474 +1,5 @@
 """Custom CUDA top-k kernel for RTX PRO 6000 (SM120).
 
 Per-row streaming selection with block-local merge and bitonic sort for the
-final k elements. Uses load_inline CUDA — no torch.topk / sort.
-"""
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import math
-
-import torch
-import torch.nn as nn
-from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
-
-CUDA_SRC = r"""
-#include <torch/extension.h>
-#include <cuda.h>
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cfloat>
-
-#define WARP_SIZE 32
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Helpers
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ int float_cmp_gt(float a, float b) {
-    return a > b;
-}
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ void swap_pair(float& va, int64_t& ia, float& vb, int64_t& ib) {
-    float tv = va; int64_t ti = ia;
-    va = vb; ia = ib;
-    vb = tv; ib = ti;
-}
-
-// Insert (val, idx) into sorted-descending arrays of length K (K <= 64).
-template <int K>
-__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_topk(float val, int64_t idx,
-                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    if (!float_cmp_gt(val, vals[K - 1])) return;
-    int pos = K - 1;
-    while (pos > 0 && float_cmp_gt(val, vals[pos - 1])) {
-        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
-        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
-        --pos;
-    }
-    vals[pos] = val;
-    idxs[pos] = idx;
-}
-
-// Bitonic sort (descending) for N power-of-two, vals/idxs length N in shared mem.
-template <int N>
-__device__ void bitonic_sort_desc(float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    for (int k = 2; k <= N; k <<= 1) {
-        for (int j = k >> 1; j > 0; j >>= 1) {
-            for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < N; i += blockDim.x) {
-                int ixj = i ^ j;
-                if (ixj > i) {
-                    bool asc = ((i & k) == 0);
-                    bool swap_it = asc ? (vals[i] < vals[ixj]) : (vals[i] > vals[ixj]);
-                    if (swap_it) swap_pair(vals[i], idxs[i], vals[ixj], idxs[ixj]);
-                }
-            }
-            __syncthreads();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Merge two sorted-desc arrays of size K into one sorted-desc array of size K.
-template <int K>
-__device__ void merge_topk(float* a_val, int64_t* a_idx,
-                           float* b_val, int64_t* b_idx,
-                           float* out_val, int64_t* out_idx) {
-    int ai = 0, bi = 0, oi = 0;
-    while (oi < K) {
-        if (ai < K && (bi >= K || float_cmp_gt(a_val[ai], b_val[bi]))) {
-            out_val[oi] = a_val[ai]; out_idx[oi] = a_idx[ai]; ++ai;
-        } else {
-            out_val[oi] = b_val[bi]; out_idx[oi] = b_idx[bi]; ++bi;
-        }
-        ++oi;
-    }
-}
-
-// Warp reduce max for k=1
-__device__ __forceinline__ void warp_reduce_max(float val, int64_t idx,
-                                                float& out_val, int64_t& out_idx) {
-    for (int offset = WARP_SIZE / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-        float other_val = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
-        int64_t other_idx = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, idx, offset);
-        if (other_val > val) { val = other_val; idx = other_idx; }
-    }
-    out_val = val; out_idx = idx;
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// k == 1 kernel: one block per row
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-__global__ void topk1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input,
-                             float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                             int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                             int batch, int n) {
-    int row = blockIdx.x;
-    if (row >= batch) return;
-
-    const float* row_in = input + (int64_t)row * n;
-    float best_val = -FLT_MAX;
-    int64_t best_idx = 0;
-
-    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        float v = row_in[i];
-        if (v > best_val) { best_val = v; best_idx = i; }
-    }
-
-    __shared__ float s_val[32];
-    __shared__ int64_t s_idx[32];
-
-    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;
-    int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
-    float wval = best_val;
-    int64_t widx = best_idx;
-    warp_reduce_max(wval, widx, wval, widx);
-
-    if (lane == 0) { s_val[wid] = wval; s_idx[wid] = widx; }
-    __syncthreads();
-
-    if (wid == 0) {
-        wval = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? s_val[lane] : -FLT_MAX;
-        widx = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? s_idx[lane] : 0;
-        warp_reduce_max(wval, widx, wval, widx);
-        if (lane == 0) {
-            out_vals[row] = wval;
-            out_idxs[row] = widx;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// General top-k: one block per row, threads stream n with local top-k
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-template <int K, int MAX_K>
-__global__ void topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input,
-                            float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                            int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                            int batch, int n) {
-    int row = blockIdx.x;
-    if (row >= batch) return;
-
-    const float* row_in = input + (int64_t)row * n;
-
-    // Per-thread local top-k in registers
-    float local_val[MAX_K];
-    int64_t local_idx[MAX_K];
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) {
-        local_val[i] = -FLT_MAX;
-        local_idx[i] = 0;
-    }
-
-    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        insert_topk<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
-    }
-
-    // Shared memory for block reduction: each thread contributes K elements
-    extern __shared__ char smem[];
-    float* s_val = reinterpret_cast<float*>(smem);
-    int64_t* s_idx = reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>

... (11107 more chars)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<175 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_fc2c2513-de3f-4cb6-a543-c3166ff97de",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bi

... (917 more chars)
tool
stdout (9595 chars) — TRUNCATED
failure:
  command: 'cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1'
  workingDirectory: ''
  exitCode: 1
  signal: ''
  stdout:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 2774, in _run_ninja_build
        subprocess.run(
      File "/uv-cache/python/cpython-3.11.15-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.11/subprocess.py", line 571, in run
        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
    subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['ninja', '-v']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
    
    The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
    
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 157, in <module>
        main()
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 82, in main
        sol_out = sol_model(*inputs)
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1779, in _wrapped_call_impl
        return self._call_impl(*args, **kwargs)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1790, in _call_impl
        return forward_call(*args, **kwargs)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py", line 459, in forward
        ext = _get_ext()
           

... (8095 more chars)
assistant
grep /workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/include
args
{
  "pattern": "getCurrentCUDAStream",
  "path": "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/include",
  "caseInsensitive": false,
  "headLimit": 10,
  "multiline": false,
  "toolCallId": "tool_261bf2c2-97f9-4e11-83dd-bd36545d26f",
  "offset": 0
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (9 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-"""Custom CUDA top-k kernel for RTX PRO 6000 (SM120).
-
-Per-row streaming selection with block-local merge and bitonic sort for the
-final k elements. Uses load_inline CUDA.
-"""+#include <torch/extension.h>
+#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
+#include <cuda.h>
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<81 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_07f8a237-b4f9-4476-b8cd-455a086197e",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bi

... (917 more chars)
tool
stdout (2071 chars) — TRUNCATED
failure:
  command: 'cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1'
  workingDirectory: ''
  exitCode: 1
  signal: ''
  stdout:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 157, in <module>
        main()
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 102, in main
        ok, msg = check_correctness(
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/src/eval/correctness.py", line 71, in check_correctness
        if torch.isnan(solution_out).any():
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    torch.AcceleratorError: CUDA error: invalid argument
    Search for `cudaErrorInvalidValue' in https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-runtime-api/group__CUDART__TYPES.html for more information.
    CUDA kernel errors might be asynchronously reported at some other API call, so the stacktrace below might be incorrect.
    For debugging consider passing CUDA_LAUNCH_BLOCKING=1
    Compile with `TORCH_USE_CUDA_DSA` to enable device-side assertions.
    
  stderr: ''
  executionTime: 31823
  interleavedOutput:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 157, in <module>
        main()
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 102, in main
        ok, msg = check_correctness(
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/src/eval/correctness.py", line 71, in check_correctness
        if torch.isnan(solut

... (571 more chars)
assistant
Shared memory exceeded limits — rewriting the kernel to use warp-level reduction.
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "offset": 1,
  "limit": 100
}
tool
stdout (3376 chars) — TRUNCATED
"""Custom CUDA top-k kernel for RTX PRO 6000 (SM120).

Per-row streaming selection with block-local merge and bitonic sort for the
final k elements. Uses load_inline CUDA.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import math

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

CUDA_SRC = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cfloat>

#define WARP_SIZE 32

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Helpers
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

__device__ __forceinline__ int float_cmp_gt(float a, float b) {
    return a > b;
}

__device__ __forceinline__ void swap_pair(float& va, int64_t& ia, float& vb, int64_t& ib) {
    float tv = va; int64_t ti = ia;
    va = vb; ia = ib;
    vb = tv; ib = ti;
}

// Insert (val, idx) into sorted-descending arrays of length K (K <= 64).
template <int K>
__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_topk(float val, int64_t idx,
                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
    if (!float_cmp_gt(val, vals[K - 1])) return;
    int pos = K - 1;
    while (pos > 0 && float_cmp_gt(val, vals[pos - 1])) {
        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
        --pos;
    }
    vals[pos] = val;
    idxs[pos] = idx;
}

// Bitonic sort (descending) for N power-of-two, vals/idxs length N in shared 

... (1876 more chars)
assistant
Rewriting the CUDA kernels with thread counts tuned to shared-memory limits.
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "offset": 98
}
tool
stdout (13290 chars) — TRUNCATED
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// k == 1 kernel: one block per row
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
__global__ void topk1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input,
                             float* __restrict__ out_vals,
                             int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
                             int batch, int n) {
    int row = blockIdx.x;
    if (row >= batch) return;

    const float* row_in = input + (int64_t)row * n;
    float best_val = -FLT_MAX;
    int64_t best_idx = 0;

    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
        float v = row_in[i];
        if (v > best_val) { best_val = v; best_idx = i; }
    }

    __shared__ float s_val[32];
    __shared__ int64_t s_idx[32];

    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;
    int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
    float wval = best_val;
    int64_t widx = best_idx;
    warp_reduce_max(wval, widx, wval, widx);

    if (lane == 0) { s_val[wid] = wval; s_idx[wid] = widx; }
    __syncthreads();

    if (wid == 0) {
        wval = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? s_val[lane] : -FLT_MAX;
        widx = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? s_idx[lane] : 0;
        warp_reduce_max(wval, widx, wval, widx);
        if (lane == 0) {
            out_vals[row] = wval;
            out_idxs[row] = widx;
        }
    }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// General top-k: one block per row, threa

... (11790 more chars)
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (55 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,3 +1,51 @@
-#include <torch/extension.h>
-#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
-#include <cuda.h>+// Pick thread count so shared memory stays <= 48 KiB.
+template <int K>
+__host__ __device__ constexpr int threads_for_k() {
+    if (K <= 16) return 128;
+    if (K <= 32) return 96;
+    return 64;
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__host__ __device__ constexpr size_t smem_bytes(int threads) {
+    return (size_t)threads * K * (sizeof(float) + sizeof(int64_t));
+}
+
+// Tree-reduce per-thread top-k arrays in shared memory.
+template <int K>
+__device__ void block_reduce_topk(float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx,
+                                  float* s_val, int64_t* s_idx, int threads) {
+    int tid = threadIdx.x;
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+        s_val[tid * K + j] = local_val[j];
+        s_idx[tid * K + j] = local_idx[j];
+    }
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    for (int stride = threads / 2; stride >= 1; stride >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < stride) {
+            float tmp_val[K];
+            int64_t tmp_idx[K];
+            merge_topk<K>(s_val + tid * K, s_idx + tid * K,
+                          s_val + (tid + stride) * K, s_idx + (tid + stride) * K,
+                          tmp_val, tmp_idx);
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+                s_val[tid * K + j] = tmp_val[j];
+                s_idx[tid * K + j] = tmp_idx[j];
+            }
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void write_topk(int row, int k,
+                                           const float* vals, const int64_t* idxs,
+                                           float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs) {
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
+        out_vals[(int64_t)row * k + j] = vals[j];
+        out_idxs[(int64_t)row * k + j] = idxs[j];
+    }
+}
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<1718 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (76 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,51 +1,31 @@
-// Pick thread count so shared memory stays <= 48 KiB.
 template <int K>
-__host__ __device__ constexpr int threads_for_k() {
-    if (K <= 16) return 128;
-    if (K <= 32) return 96;
-    return 64;
-}
+__global__ void topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input,
+                            float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                            int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                            int batch, int n) {
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
+    if (row >= batch) return;
 
-template <int K>
-__host__ __device__ constexpr size_t smem_bytes(int threads) {
-    return (size_t)threads * K * (sizeof(float) + sizeof(int64_t));
-}
+    const float* row_in = input + (int64_t)row * n;
+    float local_val[K];
+    int64_t local_idx[K];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) {
+        local_val[i] = -FLT_MAX;
+        local_idx[i] = 0;
+    }
 
-// Tree-reduce per-thread top-k arrays in shared memory.
-template <int K>
-__device__ void block_reduce_topk(float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx,
-                                  float* s_val, int64_t* s_idx, int threads) {
-    int tid = threadIdx.x;
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-        s_val[tid * K + j] = local_val[j];
-        s_idx[tid * K + j] = local_idx[j];
+    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        insert_topk<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
     }
-    __syncthreads();
 
-    for (int stride = threads / 2; stride >= 1; stride >>= 1) {
-        if (tid < stride) {
-            float tmp_val[K];
-            int64_t tmp_idx[K];
-            merge_topk<K>(s_val + tid * K, s_idx + tid * K,
-                          s_val + (tid + stride) * K, s_idx + (tid + stride) * K,
-                          tmp_val, tmp_idx);
-            #pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-                s_val[tid * K + j] = tmp_val[j];
-                s_idx[tid * K + j] = tmp_idx[j];
-            }
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-}
+    extern __shared__ char smem[];
+    float* s_val = reinterpret_cast<float*>(smem);
+    int64_t* s_idx = reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(s_val + blockDim.x * K);
 
-__device__ __forceinline__ void write_topk(int row, int k,
-                                           const float* vals, const int64_t* idxs,
-                                           float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs) {
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
-        out_vals[(int64_t)row * k + j] = vals[j];
-        out_idxs[(int64_t)row * k + j] = idxs[j];
+    block_reduce_topk<K>(local_val, local_idx, s_val, s_idx, blockDim.x);
+
+    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+        write_topk<K>(row, K, s_val, s_idx, out_vals, out_idxs);
     }
 }
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<989 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (69 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,22 +1,54 @@
 template <int K>
-__global__ void topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input,
-                            float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                            int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                            int batch, int n) {
-    int row = blockIdx.x;
-    if (row >= batch) return;
+__global__ void topk_slice_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input,
+                                  float* __restrict__ partial_vals,
+                                  int64_t* __restrict__ partial_idxs,
+                                  int row, int n, int num_blocks) {
+    int bid = blockIdx.x;
+    if (bid >= num_blocks) return;
 
-    const float* row_in = input + (int64_t)row * n;
+    int slice = (n + num_blocks - 1) / num_blocks;
+    int start = bid * slice;
+    int end = min(start + slice, n);
+
     float local_val[K];
     int64_t local_idx[K];
     #pragma unroll
-    for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) {
-        local_val[i] = -FLT_MAX;
-        local_idx[i] = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) { local_val[i] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[i] = 0; }
+
+    const float* row_in = input + (int64_t)row * n;
+    for (int i = start + threadIdx.x; i < end; i += blockDim.x) {
+        insert_topk<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
     }
 
-    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        insert_topk<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
+    extern __shared__ char smem[];
+    float* s_val = reinterpret_cast<float*>(smem);
+    int64_t* s_idx = reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(s_val + blockDim.x * K);
+
+    block_reduce_topk<K>(local_val, local_idx, s_val, s_idx, blockDim.x);
+
+    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+        write_topk<K>(bid, K, s_val, s_idx, partial_vals, partial_idxs);
+    }
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__global__ void topk_merge_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial_vals,
+                                  const int64_t* __restrict__ partial_idxs,
+                                  float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                                  int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                                  int row, int num_partials) {
+    float local_val[K];
+    int64_t local_idx[K];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) { local_val[i] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[i] = 0; }
+
+    for (int p = threadIdx.x; p < num_partials; p += blockDim.x) {
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+            insert_topk<K>(partial_vals[(int64_t)p * K + j],
+                           partial_idxs[(int64_t)p * K + j],
+                           local_val, local_idx);
+        }
     }
 
     extern __shared__ char smem[];
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<2319 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (116 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,63 +1,60 @@
 template <int K>
-__global__ void topk_slice_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input,
-                                  float* __restrict__ partial_vals,
-                                  int64_t* __restrict__ partial_idxs,
-                                  int row, int n, int num_blocks) {
-    int bid = blockIdx.x;
-    if (bid >= num_blocks) return;
+void launch_topk(const float* input, float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs,
+                 int batch, int n, cudaStream_t stream,
+                 float* partial_vals, int64_t* partial_idxs, int partial_cap) {
+    constexpr int threads = threads_for_k<K>();
+    size_t smem = smem_bytes<K>(threads);
 
-    int slice = (n + num_blocks - 1) / num_blocks;
-    int start = bid * slice;
-    int end = min(start + slice, n);
-
-    float local_val[K];
-    int64_t local_idx[K];
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) { local_val[i] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[i] = 0; }
-
-    const float* row_in = input + (int64_t)row * n;
-    for (int i = start + threadIdx.x; i < end; i += blockDim.x) {
-        insert_topk<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
-    }
-
-    extern __shared__ char smem[];
-    float* s_val = reinterpret_cast<float*>(smem);
-    int64_t* s_idx = reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(s_val + blockDim.x * K);
-
-    block_reduce_topk<K>(local_val, local_idx, s_val, s_idx, blockDim.x);
-
-    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-        write_topk<K>(bid, K, s_val, s_idx, partial_vals, partial_idxs);
+    if (batch == 1 && n >= 65536) {
+        int num_blocks = min(partial_cap, (n + threads - 1) / threads);
+        topk_slice_kernel<K><<<num_blocks, threads, smem, stream>>>(
+            input, partial_vals, partial_idxs, 0, n, num_blocks);
+        topk_merge_kernel<K><<<1, threads, smem, stream>>>(
+            partial_vals, partial_idxs, out_vals, out_idxs, 0, num_blocks);
+    } else {
+        topk_kernel<K><<<batch, threads, smem, stream>>>(
+            input, out_vals, out_idxs, batch, n);
     }
 }
 
-template <int K>
-__global__ void topk_merge_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial_vals,
-                                  const int64_t* __restrict__ partial_idxs,
-                                  float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                                  int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                                  int row, int num_partials) {
-    float local_val[K];
-    int64_t local_idx[K];
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) { local_val[i] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[i] = 0; }
+void dispatch_topk(const torch::Tensor& input, torch::Tensor& out_vals,
+                   torch::Tensor& out_idxs, int k,
+                   torch::Tensor& partial_vals, torch::Tensor& partial_idxs) {
+    const float* in_ptr = input.data_ptr<float>();
+    float* val_ptr = out_vals.data_ptr<float>();
+    int64_t* idx_ptr = out_idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>();
+    int batch = (int)input.size(0);
+    int n = (int)input.size(1);
+    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
+    float* pval = partial_vals.defined() ? partial_vals.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;
+    int64_t* pidx = partial_idxs.defined() ? partial_idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>() : nullptr;
+    int partial_cap = partial_vals.defined() ? (int)partial_vals.size(0) : 0;
 
-    for (int p = threadIdx.x; p < num_partials; p += blockDim.x) {
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-            insert_topk<K>(partial_vals[(int64_t)p * K + j],
-                           partial_idxs[(int64_t)p * K + j],
-                           local_val, local_idx);
-        }
+    if (k == 1) {
+        launch_topk1(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream);
+    } else if (k == 8) {
+        launch_topk<8>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
+    } else if (k == 16) {
+        launch_topk<16>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
+    } else if (k == 32) {
+        launch_topk<32>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
+    } else if (k == 64) {
+        launch_topk<64>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
+    } else {
+        TORCH_CHECK(false, "unsupported k=", k);
     }
+}
 
-    extern __shared__ char smem[];
-    float* s_val = reinterpret_cast<float*>(smem);
-    int64_t* s_idx = reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(s_val + blockDim.x * K);
-
-    block_reduce_topk<K>(local_val, local_idx, s_val, s_idx, blockDim.x);
-
-    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-        write_topk<K>(row, K, s_val, s_idx, out_vals, out_idxs);
-    }
+std::vector<torch::Tensor> topk_cuda(torch::Tensor input, int k,
+                                       torch::Tensor partial_vals,
+                                       torch::Tensor partial_idxs) {
+    TORCH_CHECK(input.is_cuda() && input.dtype() == torch::kFloat32);
+    TORCH_CHECK(input.dim() == 2);
+    int batch = (int)input.size(0);
+    auto opts_f = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kFloat32).device(input.device());
+    auto opts_i = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kInt64).device(input.device());
+    auto values = torch::empty({batch, k}, opts_f);
+    auto indices = torch::empty({batch, k}, opts_i);
+    dispatch_topk(input.contiguous(), values, indices, k, partial_vals, partial_idxs);
+    return {values, indices};
 }
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<2934 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (78 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,60 +1,18 @@
-template <int K>
-void launch_topk(const float* input, float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs,
-                 int batch, int n, cudaStream_t stream,
-                 float* partial_vals, int64_t* partial_idxs, int partial_cap) {
-    constexpr int threads = threads_for_k<K>();
-    size_t smem = smem_bytes<K>(threads);
+    def __init__(self, batch: int, n: int, k: int):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.batch, self.n, self.k = batch, n, k
+        self.register_buffer("_dummy", torch.zeros(1))
+        # Workspace for large-n single-row slice path (k=64, n=131072).
+        if batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1:
+            cap = min(512, (n + 63) // 64)
+            self.register_buffer("_partial_vals", torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.float32))
+            self.register_buffer("_partial_idxs", torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.int64))
+        else:
+            self._partial_vals = None
+            self._partial_idxs = None
 
-    if (batch == 1 && n >= 65536) {
-        int num_blocks = min(partial_cap, (n + threads - 1) / threads);
-        topk_slice_kernel<K><<<num_blocks, threads, smem, stream>>>(
-            input, partial_vals, partial_idxs, 0, n, num_blocks);
-        topk_merge_kernel<K><<<1, threads, smem, stream>>>(
-            partial_vals, partial_idxs, out_vals, out_idxs, 0, num_blocks);
-    } else {
-        topk_kernel<K><<<batch, threads, smem, stream>>>(
-            input, out_vals, out_idxs, batch, n);
-    }
-}
-
-void dispatch_topk(const torch::Tensor& input, torch::Tensor& out_vals,
-                   torch::Tensor& out_idxs, int k,
-                   torch::Tensor& partial_vals, torch::Tensor& partial_idxs) {
-    const float* in_ptr = input.data_ptr<float>();
-    float* val_ptr = out_vals.data_ptr<float>();
-    int64_t* idx_ptr = out_idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>();
-    int batch = (int)input.size(0);
-    int n = (int)input.size(1);
-    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
-    float* pval = partial_vals.defined() ? partial_vals.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;
-    int64_t* pidx = partial_idxs.defined() ? partial_idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>() : nullptr;
-    int partial_cap = partial_vals.defined() ? (int)partial_vals.size(0) : 0;
-
-    if (k == 1) {
-        launch_topk1(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream);
-    } else if (k == 8) {
-        launch_topk<8>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
-    } else if (k == 16) {
-        launch_topk<16>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
-    } else if (k == 32) {
-        launch_topk<32>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
-    } else if (k == 64) {
-        launch_topk<64>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap);
-    } else {
-        TORCH_CHECK(false, "unsupported k=", k);
-    }
-}
-
-std::vector<torch::Tensor> topk_cuda(torch::Tensor input, int k,
-                                       torch::Tensor partial_vals,
-                                       torch::Tensor partial_idxs) {
-    TORCH_CHECK(input.is_cuda() && input.dtype() == torch::kFloat32);
-    TORCH_CHECK(input.dim() == 2);
-    int batch = (int)input.size(0);
-    auto opts_f = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kFloat32).device(input.device());
-    auto opts_i = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kInt64).device(input.device());
-    auto values = torch::empty({batch, k}, opts_f);
-    auto indices = torch::empty({batch, k}, opts_i);
-    dispatch_topk(input.contiguous(), values, indices, k, partial_vals, partial_idxs);
-    return {values, indices};
-}+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
+        ext = _get_ext()
+        pv = self._partial_vals if self._partial_vals is not None else torch.Tensor()
+        pi = self._partial_idxs if self._partial_idxs is not None else torch.Tensor()
+        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, pv, pi)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<916 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Fixing `write_topk` template and state_dict compatibility for partial buffers.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (29 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,18 +1,10 @@
-    def __init__(self, batch: int, n: int, k: int):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.batch, self.n, self.k = batch, n, k
-        self.register_buffer("_dummy", torch.zeros(1))
-        # Workspace for large-n single-row slice path (k=64, n=131072).
-        if batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1:
-            cap = min(512, (n + 63) // 64)
-            self.register_buffer("_partial_vals", torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.float32))
-            self.register_buffer("_partial_idxs", torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.int64))
-        else:
-            self._partial_vals = None
-            self._partial_idxs = None
-
-    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
-        ext = _get_ext()
-        pv = self._partial_vals if self._partial_vals is not None else torch.Tensor()
-        pi = self._partial_idxs if self._partial_idxs is not None else torch.Tensor()
-        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, pv, pi)+template <int K>
+__device__ __forceinline__ void write_topk(int row,
+                                           const float* vals, const int64_t* idxs,
+                                           float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs) {
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+        out_vals[(int64_t)row * K + j] = vals[j];
+        out_idxs[(int64_t)row * K + j] = idxs[j];
+    }
+}
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<393 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (15 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
-template <int K>
-__device__ __forceinline__ void write_topk(int row,
-                                           const float* vals, const int64_t* idxs,
-                                           float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs) {
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-        out_vals[(int64_t)row * K + j] = vals[j];
-        out_idxs[(int64_t)row * K + j] = idxs[j];
-    }
-}+        self.register_buffer("_dummy", torch.zeros(1))
+        cap = min(512, (n + 63) // 64) if (batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1) else 0
+        self.register_buffer("_partial_vals", torch.empty(cap, max(k, 1), dtype=torch.float32))
+        self.register_buffer("_partial_idxs", torch.empty(cap, max(k, 1), dtype=torch.int64))
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<331 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (7 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
-        self.register_buffer("_dummy", torch.zeros(1))
-        cap = min(512, (n + 63) // 64) if (batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1) else 0
-        self.register_buffer("_partial_vals", torch.empty(cap, max(k, 1), dtype=torch.float32))
-        self.register_buffer("_partial_idxs", torch.empty(cap, max(k, 1), dtype=torch.int64))+        ext = _get_ext()
+        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, self._partial_vals, self._partial_idxs)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<117 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Partial buffers can't be in state_dict — moving them to a module-level cache.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (14 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,2 +1,11 @@
-        ext = _get_ext()
-        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, self._partial_vals, self._partial_idxs)+_partial_cache: dict[tuple[int, int], tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}
+
+
+def _get_partial_workspace(k: int, cap: int, device: torch.device):
+    key = (k, cap)
+    if key not in _partial_cache:
+        _partial_cache[key] = (
+            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.float32, device=device),
+            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
+        )
+    return _partial_cache[key]
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<409 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stderr (169 chars)
path: ''
error: 'The string to replace was not found in the file.'
modelVisibleError: 'The string to replace was not found in the file (even after relaxing whitespace).'
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "offset": 350
}
tool
stdout (1434 chars)
PYBIND11_MODULE(TORCH_EXTENSION_NAME, m) {
    m.def("topk_cuda", &topk_cuda, "Custom top-k (values, indices)");
}
"""

CUDA_FLAGS = [
    "-O3",
    "--use_fast_math",
    "-lineinfo",
    "-gencode=arch=compute_120,code=sm_120",
]

_topk_ext = None


def _get_ext():
    global _topk_ext
    if _topk_ext is None:
        _topk_ext = load_inline(
            name="topk_cuda_ext",
            cpp_sources="",
            cuda_sources=CUDA_SRC,
            functions=None,
            extra_cuda_cflags=CUDA_FLAGS,
            verbose=False,
        )
    return _topk_ext


class Model(nn.Module):
    """Top-k over the last dim of a 2D tensor."""

    def __init__(self, batch: int, n: int, k: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.batch, self.n, self.k = batch, n, k
        self.register_buffer("_dummy", torch.zeros(1))
        cap = min(512, (n + 63) // 64) if (batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1) else 0
        self.register_buffer("_partial_vals", torch.empty(cap, max(k, 1), dtype=torch.float32))
        self.register_buffer("_partial_idxs", torch.empty(cap, max(k, 1), dtype=torch.int64))

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
        ext = _get_ext()
        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, self._partial_vals, self._partial_idxs)


batch = 64
n = 8192
k = 8


def get_inputs():
    x = torch.randn(batch, n, dtype=torch.float32)
    return [x]


def get_init_inputs():
    return [batch, n, k]
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (14 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-_partial_cache: dict[tuple[int, int], tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}
+_topk_ext = None
+_partial_cache: dict[tuple[int, int, str], tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}
 
 
 def _get_partial_workspace(k: int, cap: int, device: torch.device):
-    key = (k, cap)
+    key = (k, cap, str(device))
     if key not in _partial_cache:
         _partial_cache[key] = (
             torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.float32, device=device),
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<444 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (26 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
-_topk_ext = None
-_partial_cache: dict[tuple[int, int, str], tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}
+    def __init__(self, batch: int, n: int, k: int):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.batch, self.n, self.k = batch, n, k
+        self.register_buffer("_dummy", torch.zeros(1))
+        self._use_slice = batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1
+        self._partial_cap = min(512, (n + 63) // 64) if self._use_slice else 0
 
-
-def _get_partial_workspace(k: int, cap: int, device: torch.device):
-    key = (k, cap, str(device))
-    if key not in _partial_cache:
-        _partial_cache[key] = (
-            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.float32, device=device),
-            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
-        )
-    return _partial_cache[key]+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
+        ext = _get_ext()
+        if self._use_slice:
+            pv, pi = _get_partial_workspace(self.k, self._partial_cap, x.device)
+        else:
+            pv = pi = torch.empty(0, device=x.device)
+        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, pv, pi)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<627 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
grep /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "pattern": "write_topk",
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "caseInsensitive": false,
  "multiline": false,
  "toolCallId": "tool_418b20c4-b8bd-4bdd-8662-13aa5a48e95",
  "offset": 0
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (16 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,14 +1 @@
-    def __init__(self, batch: int, n: int, k: int):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.batch, self.n, self.k = batch, n, k
-        self.register_buffer("_dummy", torch.zeros(1))
-        self._use_slice = batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1
-        self._partial_cap = min(512, (n + 63) // 64) if self._use_slice else 0
-
-    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
-        ext = _get_ext()
-        if self._use_slice:
-            pv, pi = _get_partial_workspace(self.k, self._partial_cap, x.device)
-        else:
-            pv = pi = torch.empty(0, device=x.device)
-        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, pv, pi)+        write_topk<K>(row, s_val, s_idx, out_vals, out_idxs);
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "        write_topk<K>(row, s_val, s_idx, out_vals, out_idxs);"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (3 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-        write_topk<K>(row, s_val, s_idx, out_vals, out_idxs);+        write_topk<K>(bid, s_val, s_idx, partial_vals, partial_idxs);
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "        write_topk<K>(bid, s_val, s_idx, partial_vals, partial_idxs);"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_d613e871-e29e-4e0b-84de-158b9bc7260",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "-rf"
          },
          {
  

... (1379 more chars)
tool
stdout (10199 chars) — TRUNCATED
failure:
  command: 'rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1'
  workingDirectory: ''
  exitCode: 1
  signal: ''
  stdout:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 2774, in _run_ninja_build
        subprocess.run(
      File "/uv-cache/python/cpython-3.11.15-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.11/subprocess.py", line 571, in run
        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
    subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['ninja', '-v']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
    
    The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
    
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 157, in <module>
        main()
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 82, in main
        sol_out = sol_model(*inputs)
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1779, in _wrapped_call_impl
        return self._call_impl(*args, **kwargs)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1790, in _call_impl
        return forward_call(*args, **kwargs)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic

... (8699 more chars)
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "offset": 38,
  "limit": 120
}
tool
stdout (4211 chars) — TRUNCATED
// Insert (val, idx) into sorted-descending arrays of length K (K <= 64).
template <int K>
__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_topk(float val, int64_t idx,
                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
    if (!float_cmp_gt(val, vals[K - 1])) return;
    int pos = K - 1;
    while (pos > 0 && float_cmp_gt(val, vals[pos - 1])) {
        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
        --pos;
    }
    vals[pos] = val;
    idxs[pos] = idx;
}

// Pick thread count so shared memory stays <= 48 KiB.
template <int K>
__host__ __device__ constexpr int threads_for_k() {
    if (K <= 16) return 128;
    if (K <= 32) return 96;
    return 64;
}

template <int K>
__host__ __device__ constexpr size_t smem_bytes(int threads) {
    return (size_t)threads * K * (sizeof(float) + sizeof(int64_t));
}

// Tree-reduce per-thread top-k arrays in shared memory.
template <int K>
__device__ void block_reduce_topk(float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx,
                                  float* s_val, int64_t* s_idx, int threads) {
    int tid = threadIdx.x;
    #pragma unroll
    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
        s_val[tid * K + j] = local_val[j];
        s_idx[tid * K + j] = local_idx[j];
    }
    __syncthreads();

    for (int stride = threads / 2; stride >= 1; stride >>= 1) {
        if (tid < stride) {
            float tmp_val[K];
            int64_t tmp_idx[K];
            merge_topk<K>(s_val + tid * K, s_idx + tid * K,
                    

... (2711 more chars)
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (19 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1 +1,17 @@
-        write_topk<K>(bid, s_val, s_idx, partial_vals, partial_idxs);+// Merge two sorted-desc arrays of size K into one sorted-desc array of size K.
+template <int K>
+__device__ void merge_topk(float* a_val, int64_t* a_idx,
+                           float* b_val, int64_t* b_idx,
+                           float* out_val, int64_t* out_idx) {
+    int ai = 0, bi = 0, oi = 0;
+    while (oi < K) {
+        if (ai < K && (bi >= K || float_cmp_gt(a_val[ai], b_val[bi]))) {
+            out_val[oi] = a_val[ai]; out_idx[oi] = a_idx[ai]; ++ai;
+        } else {
+            out_val[oi] = b_val[bi]; out_idx[oi] = b_idx[bi]; ++bi;
+        }
+        ++oi;
+    }
+}
+
+// Pick thread count so shared memory stays <= 48 KiB.
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<640 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (19 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,17 +1,3 @@
-// Merge two sorted-desc arrays of size K into one sorted-desc array of size K.
-template <int K>
-__device__ void merge_topk(float* a_val, int64_t* a_idx,
-                           float* b_val, int64_t* b_idx,
-                           float* out_val, int64_t* out_idx) {
-    int ai = 0, bi = 0, oi = 0;
-    while (oi < K) {
-        if (ai < K && (bi >= K || float_cmp_gt(a_val[ai], b_val[bi]))) {
-            out_val[oi] = a_val[ai]; out_idx[oi] = a_idx[ai]; ++ai;
-        } else {
-            out_val[oi] = b_val[bi]; out_idx[oi] = b_idx[bi]; ++bi;
-        }
-        ++oi;
-    }
 }
 
-// Pick thread count so shared memory stays <= 48 KiB.+// Warp reduce max for k=1
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<29 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "offset": 95,
  "limit": 50
}
tool
stdout (1951 chars) — TRUNCATED
if (tid < stride) {
            float tmp_val[K];
            int64_t tmp_idx[K];
            merge_topk<K>(s_val + tid * K, s_idx + tid * K,
                          s_val + (tid + stride) * K, s_idx + (tid + stride) * K,
                          tmp_val, tmp_idx);
            #pragma unroll
            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
                s_val[tid * K + j] = tmp_val[j];
                s_idx[tid * K + j] = tmp_idx[j];
            }
        }
        __syncthreads();
    }
}

template <int K>
__device__ __forceinline__ void write_topk(int row,
                                           const float* vals, const int64_t* idxs,
                                           float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs) {
    #pragma unroll
    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
        out_vals[(int64_t)row * K + j] = vals[j];
        out_idxs[(int64_t)row * K + j] = idxs[j];
    }
}

// Warp reduce max for k=1
__device__ __forceinline__ void warp_reduce_max(float val, int64_t idx,
                                                float& out_val, int64_t& out_idx) {
    for (int offset = WARP_SIZE / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
        float other_val = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
        int64_t other_idx = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, idx, offset);
        if (other_val > val) { val = other_val; idx = other_idx; }
    }
    out_val = val; out_idx = idx;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// k == 1 kernel: one block per ro

... (451 more chars)
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_ebf8c4f3-b57d-4e14-a1b5-d989b815a01",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "-rf"
          },
          {
  

... (1375 more chars)
tool
stdout (2283 chars) — TRUNCATED
failure:
  command: 'rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1'
  workingDirectory: ''
  exitCode: 1
  signal: ''
  stdout:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 157, in <module>
        main()
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 82, in main
        sol_out = sol_model(*inputs)
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1779, in _wrapped_call_impl
        return self._call_impl(*args, **kwargs)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1790, in _call_impl
        return forward_call(*args, **kwargs)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py", line 406, in forward
        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, pv, pi)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    RuntimeError: expected scalar type Long but found Float
  stderr: ''
  executionTime: 29855
  interleavedOutput:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 157, in <module>
        main()
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 82, in main
        sol_out = sol_model(*inputs)
   

... (783 more chars)
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (6 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-}
-
-// Warp reduce max for k=1+            pv = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.float32, device=x.device)
+            pi = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.int64, device=x.device)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<137 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_9ef1ed34-05b9-4c6a-a067-4f5c699b986",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bi

... (899 more chars)
tool
stdout (679 chars)
failure:
  command: 'cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1'
  workingDirectory: ''
  exitCode: 1
  signal: ''
  stdout:
    FAIL: shape 2 {'batch': 32, 'n': 16384, 'k': 32} seed 42 case nominal values: tolerance exceeded: max_abs_diff=0.599911 max_rel_diff=0.137924 bad=983/1024 worst_idx=(9, 0) (atol=0.0001, rtol=0.0001)
  stderr: ''
  executionTime: 1890
  interleavedOutput:
    FAIL: shape 2 {'batch': 32, 'n': 16384, 'k': 32} seed 42 case nominal values: tolerance exceeded: max_abs_diff=0.599911 max_rel_diff=0.137924 bad=983/1024 worst_idx=(9, 0) (atol=0.0001, rtol=0.0001)
  aborted: False
  localExecutionTimeMs: 1819
isBackground: False
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "<624 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_f709b215-25ff-4962-a736-c5f4510dcb9",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": false,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
      },
      {
        "name": "

... (1911 more chars)
command (624 chars)
cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python -c "
import torch
import reference
import solution

device = torch.device('cuda:0')
reference.batch, reference.n, reference.k = 32, 16384, 32
torch.manual_seed(42)
x = reference.get_inputs()[0].to(device)

ref = reference.Model(32, 16384, 32).to(device)
sol = solution.Model(32, 16384, 32).to(device)
rv, ri = ref(x)
sv, si = sol(x)
print('max val diff', (rv-sv).abs().max().item())
print('row 9 ref top5', rv[9,:5])
print('row 9 sol top5', sv[9,:5])
bad = (rv-sv).abs() > 1e-4
print('bad count', bad.sum().item())
print('worst rows', bad.any(dim=1).nonzero()[:10])
"
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Tree reduction fails with 96 threads (not a power of 2). Switching to power-of-2 thread counts.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (9 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,2 +1,6 @@
-            pv = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.float32, device=x.device)
-            pi = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.int64, device=x.device)+template <int K>
+__host__ __device__ constexpr int threads_for_k() {
+    if (K <= 16) return 128;
+    if (K <= 32) return 64;
+    return 64;
+}
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<142 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_3cf08605-f9c4-4ea7-98cd-069150a0198",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "-rf"
          },
          {
  

... (1380 more chars)
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Correctness passes. Running the benchmark and optimizing performance.
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_3fcddeb5-a3b7-48e1-8741-cae6849c546",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_top

... (915 more chars)
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && BENCHMARK_BASELINES=1 uv run python benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_2d0b4d7a-8c88-4b79-886c-6d7199115d0",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /work

... (947 more chars)
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "<649 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_a0bdb6ef-32d3-43a3-aa85-0f0364accc8",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": false,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
      },
      {
        "name": "

... (1961 more chars)
command (649 chars)
cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python -c "
import torch, time
import shapes

device = torch.device('cuda:0')
for i, s in enumerate(shapes.SHAPES):
    x = torch.randn(s['batch'], s['n'], device=device)
    k = s['k']
    # warmup
    for _ in range(10):
        torch.topk(x, k, dim=-1)
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    t0 = time.perf_counter()
    for _ in range(50):
        torch.topk(x, k, dim=-1)
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    ms = (time.perf_counter()-t0)/50*1000
    bytes_moved = s['batch']*s['n']*4 + s['batch']*s['k']*(4+8)
    gbps = bytes_moved / ms / 1e6
    print(f'shape {i} {s}: {ms:.3f} ms, {gbps:.1f} GB/s')
"
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Implementing radix-select top-k to replace O(n·k) insertion — the main performance bottleneck.
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "limit": 20
}
tool
stdout (471 chars)
"""Custom CUDA top-k kernel for RTX PRO 6000 (SM120).

Per-row streaming selection with block-local merge and bitonic sort for the
final k elements. Uses load_inline CUDA.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import math

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

CUDA_SRC = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cfloat>
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (535 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,6 +1,527 @@
-template <int K>
-__host__ __device__ constexpr int threads_for_k() {
-    if (K <= 16) return 128;
-    if (K <= 32) return 64;
-    return 64;
-}+"""Custom CUDA top-k via radix selection for RTX PRO 6000 (SM120)."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
+
+CUDA_SRC = r"""
+#include <torch/extension.h>
+#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
+#include <cuda.h>
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cfloat>
+
+#define WARP_SIZE 32
+#define RADIX 256
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t float_to_sortable(float f) {
+    uint32_t bits = __float_as_uint(f);
+    uint32_t mask = (-(int32_t)(bits >> 31)) | 0x80000000u;
+    return bits ^ mask;
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ float sortable_to_float(uint32_t u) {
+    uint32_t mask = (((u >> 31) - 1) | 0x80000000u);
+    return __uint_as_float(u ^ mask);
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void swap_pair(float& va, int64_t& ia, float& vb, int64_t& ib) {
+    float tv = va; int64_t ti = ia;
+    va = vb; ia = ib;
+    vb = tv; ib = ti;
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(float val, int64_t idx,
+                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    if (val <= vals[K - 1]) return;
+    int pos = K - 1;
+    while (pos > 0 && val > vals[pos - 1]) {
+        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
+        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
+        --pos;
+    }
+    vals[pos] = val;
+    idxs[pos] = idx;
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ void bitonic_sort_desc(float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    for (int k2 = 2; k2 <= K; k2 <<= 1) {
+        for (int j = k2 >> 1; j > 0; j >>= 1) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) {
+                int ixj = i ^ j;
+                if (ixj > i) {
+                    bool asc = ((i & k2) == 0);
+                    bool swap_it = asc ? (vals[i] < vals[ixj]) : (vals[i] > vals[ixj]);
+                    if (swap_it) swap_pair(vals[i], idxs[i], vals[ixj], idxs[ixj]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void warp_reduce_max(float val, int64_t idx,
+                                                float& out_val, int64_t& out_idx) {
+    for (int offset = WARP_SIZE / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+        float ov = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
+        int64_t oi = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, idx, offset);
+        if (ov > val) { val = ov; idx = oi; }
+    }
+    out_val = val; out_idx = idx;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// k == 1
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+__global__ void topk1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
+                             float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                             int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                             int batch, int n) {
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
+    if (row >= batch) return;
+    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
+    float best = -FLT_MAX;
+    int64_t best_i = 0;
+    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        float v = row_in[i];
+        if (v > best) { best = v; best_i = i; }
+    }
+    __shared__ float sv[32];
+    __shared__ int64_t si[32];
+    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31, wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
+    float wv = best; int64_t wi = best_i;
+    warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
+    if (lane == 0) { sv[wid] = wv; si[wid] = wi; }
+    __syncthreads();
+    if (wid == 0) {
+        wv = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? sv[lane] : -FLT_MAX;
+        wi = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? si[lane] : 0;
+        warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
+        if (lane == 0) { out_vals[row] = wv; out_idxs[row] = wi; }
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Radix top-k: one block per row
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+template <int K>
+__global__ void radix_topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
+                                  float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                                  int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                                  int batch, int n) {
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
+    if (row >= batch) return;
+    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
+
+    __shared__ int hist[RADIX];
+    __shared__ uint32_t prefix_u;
+    __shared__ int need_k;
+
+    uint32_t prefix = 0;
+    int need = K;
+
+    for (int shift = 24; shift >= 0; shift -= 8) {
+        if (threadIdx.x < RADIX) hist[threadIdx.x] = 0;
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        uint32_t pmask = (shift == 24) ? 0u : (~0u << (shift + 8));
+
+        for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+            uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
+            if (shift < 24 && (u & pmask) != (prefix & pmask)) continue;
+            int bucket = (u >> shift) & 0xFF;
+            atomicAdd(&hist[bucket], 1);
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+            int acc = 0;
+            uint32_t chosen = 0;
+            int new_need = need;
+            for (int b = 255; b >= 0; --b) {
+                acc += hist[b];
+                if (acc >= need) {
+                    chosen = (uint32_t)b << shift;
+                    new_need = need - (acc - hist[b]);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            prefix |= chosen;
+            prefix_u = prefix;
+            need_k = new_need;
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+        prefix = prefix_u;
+        need = need_k;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t thresh_u = prefix;
+
+    float g_val[K];
+    int64_t g_idx[K];
+    float e_val[K];
+    int64_t e_idx[K];
+    int ng = 0, ne = 0;
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+        g_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; g_idx[j] 

... (12986 more chars)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<18185 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Fixing shared-memory overflow by switching to a sequential merge.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (550 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,170 +1,8 @@
-"""Custom CUDA top-k via radix selection for RTX PRO 6000 (SM120)."""
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import torch
-import torch.nn as nn
-from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
-
-CUDA_SRC = r"""
-#include <torch/extension.h>
-#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
-#include <cuda.h>
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cfloat>
-
-#define WARP_SIZE 32
-#define RADIX 256
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t float_to_sortable(float f) {
-    uint32_t bits = __float_as_uint(f);
-    uint32_t mask = (-(int32_t)(bits >> 31)) | 0x80000000u;
-    return bits ^ mask;
-}
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ float sortable_to_float(uint32_t u) {
-    uint32_t mask = (((u >> 31) - 1) | 0x80000000u);
-    return __uint_as_float(u ^ mask);
-}
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ void swap_pair(float& va, int64_t& ia, float& vb, int64_t& ib) {
-    float tv = va; int64_t ti = ia;
-    va = vb; ia = ib;
-    vb = tv; ib = ti;
-}
-
 template <int K>
-__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(float val, int64_t idx,
-                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    if (val <= vals[K - 1]) return;
-    int pos = K - 1;
-    while (pos > 0 && val > vals[pos - 1]) {
-        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
-        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
-        --pos;
-    }
-    vals[pos] = val;
-    idxs[pos] = idx;
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__device__ void bitonic_sort_desc(float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    for (int k2 = 2; k2 <= K; k2 <<= 1) {
-        for (int j = k2 >> 1; j > 0; j >>= 1) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) {
-                int ixj = i ^ j;
-                if (ixj > i) {
-                    bool asc = ((i & k2) == 0);
-                    bool swap_it = asc ? (vals[i] < vals[ixj]) : (vals[i] > vals[ixj]);
-                    if (swap_it) swap_pair(vals[i], idxs[i], vals[ixj], idxs[ixj]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ void warp_reduce_max(float val, int64_t idx,
-                                                float& out_val, int64_t& out_idx) {
-    for (int offset = WARP_SIZE / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-        float ov = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
-        int64_t oi = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, idx, offset);
-        if (ov > val) { val = ov; idx = oi; }
-    }
-    out_val = val; out_idx = idx;
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// k == 1
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-__global__ void topk1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
-                             float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                             int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                             int batch, int n) {
-    int row = blockIdx.x;
-    if (row >= batch) return;
-    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
-    float best = -FLT_MAX;
-    int64_t best_i = 0;
-    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        float v = row_in[i];
-        if (v > best) { best = v; best_i = i; }
-    }
-    __shared__ float sv[32];
-    __shared__ int64_t si[32];
-    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31, wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
-    float wv = best; int64_t wi = best_i;
-    warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
-    if (lane == 0) { sv[wid] = wv; si[wid] = wi; }
-    __syncthreads();
-    if (wid == 0) {
-        wv = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? sv[lane] : -FLT_MAX;
-        wi = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? si[lane] : 0;
-        warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
-        if (lane == 0) { out_vals[row] = wv; out_idxs[row] = wi; }
-    }
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Radix top-k: one block per row
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-template <int K>
-__global__ void radix_topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
-                                  float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                                  int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                                  int batch, int n) {
-    int row = blockIdx.x;
-    if (row >= batch) return;
-    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
-
-    __shared__ int hist[RADIX];
-    __shared__ uint32_t prefix_u;
-    __shared__ int need_k;
-
-    uint32_t prefix = 0;
-    int need = K;
-
-    for (int shift = 24; shift >= 0; shift -= 8) {
-        if (threadIdx.x < RADIX) hist[threadIdx.x] = 0;
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        uint32_t pmask = (shift == 24) ? 0u : (~0u << (shift + 8));
-
-        for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-            uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
-            if (shift < 24 && (u & pmask) != (prefix & pmask)) continue;
-            int bucket = (u >> shift) & 0xFF;
-            atomicAdd(&hist[bucket], 1);
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            int acc = 0;
-            uint32_t chosen = 0;
-            int new_need = need;
-            for (int b = 255; b >= 0; --b) {
-                acc += hist[b];
-                if (acc >= need) {
-                    chosen = (uint32_t)b << shift;
-                    new_need = need - (acc - hist[b]);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            prefix |= chosen;
-            prefix_u = prefix;
-            need_k = new_need;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        prefix = prefix_u;
-        need = need_k;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t thresh_u = prefix;
-
-    float g_val[K];
-    int64_t g_idx[K];
-    float e_val[K];
-    int64_t e_idx[K];
-    int ng = 0, ne = 0;
+__device__ void collect_finalize(const float* row_in, int n, uint32_t thresh_u,
+                                 float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs, int row) {
+    float g_val[K]; int64_t g_idx[K];
+    float e_val[K]; int64_t e_idx[K];
  

... (13964 more chars)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<2269 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (67 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,64 +1,2 @@
-template <int K>
-__device__ void collect_finalize(const float* row_in, int n, uint32_t thresh_u,
-                                 float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs, int row) {
-    float g_val[K]; int64_t g_idx[K];
-    float e_val[K]; int64_t e_idx[K];
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-        g_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; g_idx[j] = 0;
-        e_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; e_idx[j] = 0;
-    }
-
-    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
-        float v = row_in[i];
-        if (u > thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v, (int64_t)i, g_val, g_idx);
-        else if (u == thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v, (int64_t)i, e_val, e_idx);
-    }
-
-    __shared__ float sb_g[K];
-    __shared__ int64_t sb_gi[K];
-    __shared__ float sb_e[K];
-    __shared__ int64_t sb_ei[K];
-
-    for (int t = 0; t < blockDim.x; ++t) {
-        if (threadIdx.x == t) {
-            #pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-                sb_g[j] = g_val[j]; sb_gi[j] = g_idx[j];
-                sb_e[j] = e_val[j]; sb_ei[j] = e_idx[j];
-            }
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            #pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-                if (sb_g[j] > -FLT_MAX) insert_desc<K>(sb_g[j], sb_gi[j], g_val, g_idx);
-                if (sb_e[j] > -FLT_MAX) insert_desc<K>(sb_e[j], sb_ei[j], e_val, e_idx);
-            }
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-
-    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-        float out_v[K]; int64_t out_i[K];
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { out_v[j] = -FLT_MAX; out_i[j] = 0; }
-        int oi = 0;
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < K && oi < K; ++j) {
-            if (g_val[j] > -FLT_MAX) { out_v[oi] = g_val[j]; out_i[oi] = g_idx[j]; ++oi; }
-        }
-        int need_eq = K - oi;
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < K && need_eq > 0; ++j) {
-            if (e_val[j] > -FLT_MAX) { out_v[oi] = e_val[j]; out_i[oi] = e_idx[j]; ++oi; --need_eq; }
-        }
-        bitonic_sort_desc<K>(out_v, out_i);
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-            out_vals[(int64_t)row * K + j] = out_v[j];
-            out_idxs[(int64_t)row * K + j] = out_i[j];
-        }
-    }
+    collect_finalize<K>(row_in, n, prefix, out_vals, out_idxs, row);
 }
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<70 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stderr (586 chars)
path: ''
error: 'The string to replace was not found in the file.'
modelVisibleError:
  The string to replace was not found in the file (even after relaxing whitespace). Found a possible fuzzy match, did you mean:
  }
  
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // k == 1
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  __global__ void topk1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
      80|                             float* __restrict__ out_vals,
                               int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "offset": 100,
  "limit": 200
}
tool
stdout (7398 chars) — TRUNCATED
wv = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? sv[lane] : -FLT_MAX;
        wi = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? si[lane] : 0;
        warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
        if (lane == 0) { out_vals[row] = wv; out_idxs[row] = wi; }
    }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Radix top-k: one block per row
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <int K>
__global__ void radix_topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
                                  float* __restrict__ out_vals,
                                  int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
                                  int batch, int n) {
    int row = blockIdx.x;
    if (row >= batch) return;
    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;

    __shared__ int hist[RADIX];
    __shared__ uint32_t prefix_u;
    __shared__ int need_k;

    uint32_t prefix = 0;
    int need = K;

    for (int shift = 24; shift >= 0; shift -= 8) {
        if (threadIdx.x < RADIX) hist[threadIdx.x] = 0;
        __syncthreads();

        uint32_t pmask = (shift == 24) ? 0u : (~0u << (shift + 8));

        for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
            uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
            if (shift < 24 && (u & pmask) != (prefix & pmask)) continue;
            int bucket = (u >> shift) & 0xFF;
            atomicAdd(&hist[bucket], 1);
        }
        __syncthreads();

        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
            int 

... (5898 more chars)
assistant
Fixing the broken CUDA structure in the file.
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "offset": 258
}
tool
stdout (8065 chars) — TRUNCATED
}

template <int K>
__global__ void radix_collect_large_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
                                           float* __restrict__ out_vals,
                                           int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
                                           int row, int n, uint32_t thresh_u) {
    float g_val[K]; int64_t g_idx[K];
    float e_val[K]; int64_t e_idx[K];
    #pragma unroll
    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
        g_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; g_idx[j] = 0;
        e_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; e_idx[j] = 0;
    }
    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
        uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
        float v = row_in[i];
        if (u > thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v, (int64_t)i, g_val, g_idx);
        else if (u == thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v, (int64_t)i, e_val, e_idx);
    }

    __shared__ float sg[128 * 64];
    __shared__ int64_t si[128 * 64];
    __shared__ float se[128 * 64];
    __shared__ int64_t sei[128 * 64];
    int tid = threadIdx.x;
    #pragma unroll
    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
        sg[tid * K + j] = g_val[j]; si[tid * K + j] = g_idx[j];
        se[tid * K + j] = e_val[j]; sei[tid * K + j] = e_idx[j];
    }
    __syncthreads();

    for (int stride = blockDim.x / 2; stride >= 1; stride >>= 1) {
        if (tid < stride) {
            float tmp[K]; int64_t tidx[K];
            int ai = 0, bi = 0, oi = 0;
            while (oi < K) {
                float av = sg

... (6565 more chars)
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (123 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,2 +1,121 @@
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Radix top-k helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+template <int K>
+__device__ void collect_finalize(const float* row_in, int n, uint32_t thresh_u,
+                                 float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs, int row) {
+    float g_val[K]; int64_t g_idx[K];
+    float e_val[K]; int64_t e_idx[K];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+        g_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; g_idx[j] = 0;
+        e_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; e_idx[j] = 0;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
+        float v = row_in[i];
+        if (u > thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v, (int64_t)i, g_val, g_idx);
+        else if (u == thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v, (int64_t)i, e_val, e_idx);
+    }
+
+    __shared__ float sb_g[K];
+    __shared__ int64_t sb_gi[K];
+    __shared__ float sb_e[K];
+    __shared__ int64_t sb_ei[K];
+
+    for (int t = 0; t < blockDim.x; ++t) {
+        if (threadIdx.x == t) {
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+                sb_g[j] = g_val[j]; sb_gi[j] = g_idx[j];
+                sb_e[j] = e_val[j]; sb_ei[j] = e_idx[j];
+            }
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+                if (sb_g[j] > -FLT_MAX) insert_desc<K>(sb_g[j], sb_gi[j], g_val, g_idx);
+                if (sb_e[j] > -FLT_MAX) insert_desc<K>(sb_e[j], sb_ei[j], e_val, e_idx);
+            }
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+
+    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+        float out_v[K]; int64_t out_i[K];
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { out_v[j] = -FLT_MAX; out_i[j] = 0; }
+        int oi = 0;
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < K && oi < K; ++j) {
+            if (g_val[j] > -FLT_MAX) { out_v[oi] = g_val[j]; out_i[oi] = g_idx[j]; ++oi; }
+        }
+        int need_eq = K - oi;
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < K && need_eq > 0; ++j) {
+            if (e_val[j] > -FLT_MAX) { out_v[oi] = e_val[j]; out_i[oi] = e_idx[j]; ++oi; --need_eq; }
+        }
+        bitonic_sort_desc<K>(out_v, out_i);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+            out_vals[(int64_t)row * K + j] = out_v[j];
+            out_idxs[(int64_t)row * K + j] = out_i[j];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__global__ void radix_topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
+                                  float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                                  int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                                  int batch, int n) {
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
+    if (row >= batch) return;
+    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
+
+    __shared__ int hist[RADIX];
+    __shared__ uint32_t prefix_u;
+    __shared__ int need_k;
+
+    uint32_t prefix = 0;
+    int need = K;
+
+    for (int shift = 24; shift >= 0; shift -= 8) {
+        if (threadIdx.x < RADIX) hist[threadIdx.x] = 0;
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        uint32_t pmask = (shift == 24) ? 0u : (~0u << (shift + 8));
+
+        for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+            uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
+            if (shift < 24 && (u & pmask) != (prefix & pmask)) continue;
+            int bucket = (u >> shift) & 0xFF;
+            atomicAdd(&hist[bucket], 1);
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+            int acc = 0;
+            uint32_t chosen = 0;
+            int new_need = need;
+            for (int b = 255; b >= 0; --b) {
+                acc += hist[b];
+                if (acc >= need) {
+                    chosen = (uint32_t)b << shift;
+                    new_need = need - (acc - hist[b]);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            prefix |= chosen;
+            prefix_u = prefix;
+            need_k = new_need;
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+        prefix = prefix_u;
+        need = need_k;
+    }
+
     collect_finalize<K>(row_in, n, prefix, out_vals, out_idxs, row);
 }
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<4128 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (128 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,121 +1,8 @@
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Radix top-k helpers
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 template <int K>
-__device__ void collect_finalize(const float* row_in, int n, uint32_t thresh_u,
-                                 float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs, int row) {
-    float g_val[K]; int64_t g_idx[K];
-    float e_val[K]; int64_t e_idx[K];
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-        g_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; g_idx[j] = 0;
-        e_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; e_idx[j] = 0;
-    }
-
-    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
-        float v = row_in[i];
-        if (u > thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v, (int64_t)i, g_val, g_idx);
-        else if (u == thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v, (int64_t)i, e_val, e_idx);
-    }
-
-    __shared__ float sb_g[K];
-    __shared__ int64_t sb_gi[K];
-    __shared__ float sb_e[K];
-    __shared__ int64_t sb_ei[K];
-
-    for (int t = 0; t < blockDim.x; ++t) {
-        if (threadIdx.x == t) {
-            #pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-                sb_g[j] = g_val[j]; sb_gi[j] = g_idx[j];
-                sb_e[j] = e_val[j]; sb_ei[j] = e_idx[j];
-            }
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            #pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-                if (sb_g[j] > -FLT_MAX) insert_desc<K>(sb_g[j], sb_gi[j], g_val, g_idx);
-                if (sb_e[j] > -FLT_MAX) insert_desc<K>(sb_e[j], sb_ei[j], e_val, e_idx);
-            }
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-
-    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-        float out_v[K]; int64_t out_i[K];
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { out_v[j] = -FLT_MAX; out_i[j] = 0; }
-        int oi = 0;
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < K && oi < K; ++j) {
-            if (g_val[j] > -FLT_MAX) { out_v[oi] = g_val[j]; out_i[oi] = g_idx[j]; ++oi; }
-        }
-        int need_eq = K - oi;
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < K && need_eq > 0; ++j) {
-            if (e_val[j] > -FLT_MAX) { out_v[oi] = e_val[j]; out_i[oi] = e_idx[j]; ++oi; --need_eq; }
-        }
-        bitonic_sort_desc<K>(out_v, out_i);
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-            out_vals[(int64_t)row * K + j] = out_v[j];
-            out_idxs[(int64_t)row * K + j] = out_i[j];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__global__ void radix_topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
-                                  float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                                  int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                                  int batch, int n) {
-    int row = blockIdx.x;
-    if (row >= batch) return;
+__global__ void radix_collect_large_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
+                                           float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                                           int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                                           int row, int n, uint32_t thresh_u) {
     const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
-
-    __shared__ int hist[RADIX];
-    __shared__ uint32_t prefix_u;
-    __shared__ int need_k;
-
-    uint32_t prefix = 0;
-    int need = K;
-
-    for (int shift = 24; shift >= 0; shift -= 8) {
-        if (threadIdx.x < RADIX) hist[threadIdx.x] = 0;
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        uint32_t pmask = (shift == 24) ? 0u : (~0u << (shift + 8));
-
-        for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-            uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
-            if (shift < 24 && (u & pmask) != (prefix & pmask)) continue;
-            int bucket = (u >> shift) & 0xFF;
-            atomicAdd(&hist[bucket], 1);
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            int acc = 0;
-            uint32_t chosen = 0;
-            int new_need = need;
-            for (int b = 255; b >= 0; --b) {
-                acc += hist[b];
-                if (acc >= need) {
-                    chosen = (uint32_t)b << shift;
-                    new_need = need - (acc - hist[b]);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            prefix |= chosen;
-            prefix_u = prefix;
-            need_k = new_need;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        prefix = prefix_u;
-        need = need_k;
-    }
-
-    collect_finalize<K>(row_in, n, prefix, out_vals, out_idxs, row);
+    collect_finalize<K>(row_in, n, thresh_u, out_vals, out_idxs, row);
 }
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<439 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_a8746fb0-e603-4c4d-93a7-3f286c4aa7a",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "-rf"
          },
          {
  

... (1375 more chars)
tool
stdout (759 chars)
failure:
  command: 'rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1'
  workingDirectory: ''
  exitCode: 1
  signal: ''
  stdout:
    FAIL: shape 0 {'batch': 1, 'n': 131072, 'k': 64} seed 42 case nominal values: tolerance exceeded: max_abs_diff=3.40282e+38 max_rel_diff=1.04893e+38 bad=64/64 worst_idx=(0, 0) (atol=0.0001, rtol=0.0001)
  stderr: ''
  executionTime: 99916
  interleavedOutput:
    FAIL: shape 0 {'batch': 1, 'n': 131072, 'k': 64} seed 42 case nominal values: tolerance exceeded: max_abs_diff=3.40282e+38 max_rel_diff=1.04893e+38 bad=64/64 worst_idx=(0, 0) (atol=0.0001, rtol=0.0001)
  aborted: False
  localExecutionTimeMs: 99845
isBackground: False
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "<585 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_fe2852c6-d0df-47a0-b2d9-fe10a926328",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": false,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
      },
      {
        "name": "

... (1823 more chars)
command (585 chars)
cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python -c "
import torch, importlib
import reference, solution
importlib.reload(solution)

device = torch.device('cuda:0')
for shape in [(64,8192,8),(1,131072,64)]:
    b,n,k = shape
    torch.manual_seed(42)
    x = torch.randn(b,n,device=device)
    ref = reference.Model(b,n,k).to(device)
    sol = solution.Model(b,n,k).to(device)
    rv,ri = ref(x)
    sv,si = sol(x)
    diff = (rv-sv).abs().max().item()
    print(f'{shape}: max_diff={diff}')
    if diff > 1e-3:
        print(' ref', rv[0,:5])
        print(' sol', sv[0,:5])
"
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "<1396 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_8deac224-b7ae-4c60-a65f-ec6535a8870",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": false,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
      },
      {
        "name": 

... (3510 more chars)
command (1396 chars)
cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python -c "
import torch
import struct

def float_to_sortable(f):
    bits = struct.unpack('I', struct.pack('f', float(f)))[0]
    mask = ((-(bits >> 31)) & 0xFFFFFFFF) | 0x80000000
    return bits ^ mask

def sortable_to_float(u):
    mask = (((u >> 31) - 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF) | 0x80000000
    bits = u ^ mask
    return struct.unpack('f', struct.pack('I', bits))[0]

torch.manual_seed(42)
x = torch.randn(8192)
us = [float_to_sortable(v.item()) for v in x]
K=8
prefix=0
need=K
row = x
for shift in [24,16,8,0]:
    pmask = 0 if shift==24 else ((~0) << (shift+8)) & 0xFFFFFFFF
    hist = [0]*256
    for i,v in enumerate(x):
        u = float_to_sortable(v.item())
        if shift < 24 and (u & pmask) != (prefix & pmask):
            continue
        bucket = (u >> shift) & 0xFF
        hist[bucket] += 1
    acc=0
    for b in range(255,-1,-1):
        acc += hist[b]
        if acc >= need:
            prefix |= b << shift
            need = need - (acc - hist[b])
            break
    print(f'shift={shift} prefix={prefix:08x} need={need} chosen_byte={(prefix>>shift)&0xff}')

thresh_u = prefix
ref = torch.topk(x, K)
greater = sum(1 for u in us if u > thresh_u)
equal = sum(1 for u in us if u == thresh_u)
print('thresh float', sortable_to_float(thresh_u))
print('ref kth', ref.values[-1].item())
print('greater', greater, 'equal', equal)
"
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Histogram buckets 128–255 aren't zeroed when using 128 threads — fixing initialization.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (11 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,8 +1,2 @@
-template <int K>
-__global__ void radix_collect_large_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
-                                           float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                                           int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                                           int row, int n, uint32_t thresh_u) {
-    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
-    collect_finalize<K>(row_in, n, thresh_u, out_vals, out_idxs, row);
-}+        for (int b = threadIdx.x; b < RADIX; b += blockDim.x) hist[b] = 0;
+        __syncthreads();
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<99 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (5 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-        for (int b = threadIdx.x; b < RADIX; b += blockDim.x) hist[b] = 0;
-        __syncthreads();+    for (int b = threadIdx.x; b < RADIX; b += blockDim.x) local_hist[b] = 0;
+    __syncthreads();
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<97 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_cc60cc66-f347-4c82-bcea-1021b2d83f6",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "-rf"
          },
          {
  

... (1372 more chars)
tool
stdout (757 chars)
failure:
  command: 'rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1'
  workingDirectory: ''
  exitCode: 1
  signal: ''
  stdout:
    FAIL: shape 0 {'batch': 1, 'n': 131072, 'k': 64} seed 123 case nominal values: tolerance exceeded: max_abs_diff=0.022629 max_rel_diff=0.00672554 bad=40/64 worst_idx=(0, 45) (atol=0.0001, rtol=0.0001)
  stderr: ''
  executionTime: 100582
  interleavedOutput:
    FAIL: shape 0 {'batch': 1, 'n': 131072, 'k': 64} seed 123 case nominal values: tolerance exceeded: max_abs_diff=0.022629 max_rel_diff=0.00672554 bad=40/64 worst_idx=(0, 45) (atol=0.0001, rtol=0.0001)
  aborted: False
  localExecutionTimeMs: 100499
isBackground: False
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "<844 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_d3097f06-3284-4bd6-8be0-497cc2f347b",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": false,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
      },
      {
        "name": "

... (2358 more chars)
command (844 chars)
cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python -c "
import torch, importlib, reference, solution
importlib.reload(solution)
device = torch.device('cuda:0')
for seed in [42,123,456]:
    torch.manual_seed(seed)
    x = torch.randn(1,131072,device=device)
    ref = reference.Model(1,131072,64).to(device)
    sol = solution.Model(1,131072,64).to(device)
    rv,ri = ref(x); sv,si = sol(x)
    diff = (rv-sv).abs().max().item()
    bad = ((rv-sv).abs() > 1e-4).sum().item()
    print(f'seed {seed}: max_diff={diff:.6f} bad={bad}')
for shape in [(64,8192,8),(32,16384,32),(16,12000,16),(128,4096,1)]:
    b,n,k=shape
    torch.manual_seed(42)
    x=torch.randn(b,n,device=device)
    rv,_=reference.Model(b,n,k).to(device)(x)
    sv,_=solution.Model(b,n,k).to(device)(x)
    print(f'{shape}: max_diff={(rv-sv).abs().max().item():.6f}')
"
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "<1129 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_477c79dc-3d82-405d-ad1f-ecfb5a79d10",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": false,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
      },
      {
        "name": 

... (2949 more chars)
command (1129 chars)
cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python -c "
import torch, struct, reference

def float_to_sortable(f):
    bits = struct.unpack('I', struct.pack('f', float(f)))[0]
    mask = ((-(bits >> 31)) & 0xFFFFFFFF) | 0x80000000
    return bits ^ mask

def radix_thresh(x, K):
    prefix=0; need=K
    for shift in [24,16,8,0]:
        pmask = 0 if shift==24 else ((~0) << (shift+8)) & 0xFFFFFFFF
        hist=[0]*256
        for v in x.tolist():
            u=float_to_sortable(v)
            if shift<24 and (u & pmask)!=(prefix & pmask): continue
            hist[(u>>shift)&0xFF]+=1
        acc=0
        for b in range(255,-1,-1):
            acc+=hist[b]
            if acc>=need:
                prefix |= b<<shift
                need = need-(acc-hist[b])
                break
    return prefix

torch.manual_seed(42)
x = torch.randn(8192)
K=8
tu = radix_thresh(x,K)
us = [float_to_sortable(v) for v in x.tolist()]
greater = sum(1 for u in us if u > tu)
equal = sum(1 for u in us if u==tu)
print('greater', greater, 'equal', equal, 'K', K)
ref = torch.topk(torch.tensor(x), K)
print('ref', ref.values.tolist())
"
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "<531 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_6641d5b5-8d2f-4bce-b0ad-62a3f9c07a9",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": false,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
      },
      {
        "name": "

... (1710 more chars)
command (531 chars)
cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python -c "
import torch, reference, solution
device='cuda:0'
torch.manual_seed(42)
x=torch.randn(64,8192,device=device)
rv,_=reference.Model(64,8192,8).to(device)(x)
sv,_=solution.Model(64,8192,8).to(device)(x)
bad=(rv-sv).abs()>1e-4
rows=bad.any(dim=1).nonzero().flatten()[:5]
for r in rows:
    print('row', int(r), 'ref', rv[r].tolist())
    print('      sol', sv[r].tolist())
    print('      gathered', torch.gather(x[r],0,torch.argsort(x[r],descending=True)[:8]).tolist())
"
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Simplifying collection: use a single pass with `u >= thresh_u` and proper top-K insertion.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (43 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,2 +1,40 @@
-    for (int b = threadIdx.x; b < RADIX; b += blockDim.x) local_hist[b] = 0;
-    __syncthreads();+template <int K>
+__device__ void collect_finalize(const float* row_in, int n, uint32_t thresh_u,
+                                 float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs, int row) {
+    float acc_val[K];
+    int64_t acc_idx[K];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { acc_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; acc_idx[j] = 0; }
+
+    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
+        if (u >= thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, acc_val, acc_idx);
+    }
+
+    __shared__ float sb_v[K];
+    __shared__ int64_t sb_i[K];
+
+    for (int t = 0; t < blockDim.x; ++t) {
+        if (threadIdx.x == t) {
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { sb_v[j] = acc_val[j]; sb_i[j] = acc_idx[j]; }
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+                if (sb_v[j] > -FLT_MAX) insert_desc<K>(sb_v[j], sb_i[j], acc_val, acc_idx);
+            }
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+
+    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+        bitonic_sort_desc<K>(acc_val, acc_idx);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+            out_vals[(int64_t)row * K + j] = acc_val[j];
+            out_idxs[(int64_t)row * K + j] = acc_idx[j];
+        }
+    }
+}
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<1321 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_a85253a9-5c53-4753-931a-e8f53684db0",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "-rf"
          },
          {
  

... (1378 more chars)
tool
stdout (755 chars)
failure:
  command: 'rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1'
  workingDirectory: ''
  exitCode: 1
  signal: ''
  stdout:
    FAIL: shape 0 {'batch': 1, 'n': 131072, 'k': 64} seed 123 case nominal values: tolerance exceeded: max_abs_diff=0.022629 max_rel_diff=0.00672554 bad=40/64 worst_idx=(0, 45) (atol=0.0001, rtol=0.0001)
  stderr: ''
  executionTime: 61545
  interleavedOutput:
    FAIL: shape 0 {'batch': 1, 'n': 131072, 'k': 64} seed 123 case nominal values: tolerance exceeded: max_abs_diff=0.022629 max_rel_diff=0.00672554 bad=40/64 worst_idx=(0, 45) (atol=0.0001, rtol=0.0001)
  aborted: False
  localExecutionTimeMs: 61467
isBackground: False
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "<558 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 30000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_7ffc49a2-f792-45a9-9e57-200f7c5df75",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": false,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
      },
      {
        "name": "

... (1761 more chars)
command (558 chars)
cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python -c "
import torch, reference, solution, shapes
device='cuda:0'
for shape in shapes.SHAPES:
    b,n,k = shape['batch'],shape['n'],shape['k']
    for seed in [42,123,456]:
        torch.manual_seed(seed)
        x=torch.randn(b,n,device=device)
        rv,_=reference.Model(b,n,k).to(device)(x)
        sv,_=solution.Model(b,n,k).to(device)(x)
        bad=((rv-sv).abs()>1e-4).sum().item()
        if bad: print(f'FAIL {shape} seed {seed} bad={bad} max={(rv-sv).abs().max().item():.6f}')
print('done')
"
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Restoring the passing streaming kernel and adding vectorized loads and other optimizations.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (414 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,40 +1,383 @@
-template <int K>
-__device__ void collect_finalize(const float* row_in, int n, uint32_t thresh_u,
-                                 float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs, int row) {
-    float acc_val[K];
-    int64_t acc_idx[K];
+"""Custom CUDA top-k via streaming selection + block merge (SM120)."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
+
+CUDA_SRC = r"""
+#include <torch/extension.h>
+#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cfloat>
+
+#define WARP_SIZE 32
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(int k, float val, int64_t idx,
+                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    if (val <= vals[k - 1]) return;
+    int pos = k - 1;
+    while (pos > 0 && val > vals[pos - 1]) {
+        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
+        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
+        --pos;
+    }
+    vals[pos] = val;
+    idxs[pos] = idx;
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(float val, int64_t idx,
+                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    insert_desc(K, val, idx, vals, idxs);
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ void merge_topk(const float* a_val, const int64_t* a_idx,
+                           const float* b_val, const int64_t* b_idx,
+                           float* out_val, int64_t* out_idx) {
+    int ai = 0, bi = 0, oi = 0;
+    while (oi < K) {
+        if (ai < K && (bi >= K || a_val[ai] > b_val[bi])) {
+            out_val[oi] = a_val[ai]; out_idx[oi] = a_idx[ai]; ++ai;
+        } else {
+            out_val[oi] = b_val[bi]; out_idx[oi] = b_idx[bi]; ++bi;
+        }
+        ++oi;
+    }
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__host__ __device__ constexpr int threads_for_k() {
+    if (K <= 16) return 128;
+    return 64;
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ void block_reduce_topk(float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx,
+                                  float* s_val, int64_t* s_idx, int nthreads) {
+    int tid = threadIdx.x;
     #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { acc_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; acc_idx[j] = 0; }
-
-    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
-        if (u >= thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, acc_val, acc_idx);
-    }
-
-    __shared__ float sb_v[K];
-    __shared__ int64_t sb_i[K];
-
-    for (int t = 0; t < blockDim.x; ++t) {
-        if (threadIdx.x == t) {
-            #pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { sb_v[j] = acc_val[j]; sb_i[j] = acc_idx[j]; }
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+        s_val[tid * K + j] = local_val[j];
+        s_idx[tid * K + j] = local_idx[j];
+    }
+    __syncthreads();
+    for (int stride = nthreads / 2; stride >= 1; stride >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < stride) {
+            float tmp[K]; int64_t tidx[K];
+            merge_topk<K>(s_val + tid * K, s_idx + tid * K,
+                          s_val + (tid + stride) * K, s_idx + (tid + stride) * K,
+                          tmp, tidx);
             #pragma unroll
             for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-                if (sb_v[j] > -FLT_MAX) insert_desc<K>(sb_v[j], sb_i[j], acc_val, acc_idx);
+                s_val[tid * K + j] = tmp[j];
+                s_idx[tid * K + j] = tidx[j];
             }
         }
         __syncthreads();
     }
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void warp_reduce_max(float val, int64_t idx,
+                                                float& out_val, int64_t& out_idx) {
+    for (int offset = WARP_SIZE / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+        float ov = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
+        int64_t oi = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, idx, offset);
+        if (ov > val) { val = ov; idx = oi; }
+    }
+    out_val = val; out_idx = idx;
+}
+
+__global__ void topk1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
+                             float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                             int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                             int batch, int n) {
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
+    if (row >= batch) return;
+    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
+    float best = -FLT_MAX;
+    int64_t best_i = 0;
+
+    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
+    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
+        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
+        if (v.x > best) { best = v.x; best_i = i; }
+        if (v.y > best) { best = v.y; best_i = i + 1; }
+        if (v.z > best) { best = v.z; best_i = i + 2; }
+        if (v.w > best) { best = v.w; best_i = i + 3; }
+    }
+    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        float v = row_in[i];
+        if (v > best) { best = v; best_i = i; }
+    }
+
+    __shared__ float sv[32];
+    __shared__ int64_t si[32];
+    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31, wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
+    float wv = best; int64_t wi = best_i;
+    warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
+    if (lane == 0) { sv[wid] = wv; si[wid] = wi; }
+    __syncthreads();
+    if (wid == 0) {
+        wv = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? sv[lane] : -FLT_MAX;
+        wi = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? si[lane] : 0;
+        warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
+        if (lane == 0) { out_vals[row] = wv; out_idxs[row] = wi; }
+    }
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ void scan_row_topk(const float* row_in, int n,
+                              float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx) {
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { local_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[j] = 0; }
+
+    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
+    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
+        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
+        insert_desc<K>(v.x, (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
+        insert_desc<K>(v.y, (int64

... (9609 more chars)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<13982 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (389 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,383 +1,11 @@
-"""Custom CUDA top-k via streaming selection + block merge (SM120)."""
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import torch
-import torch.nn as nn
-from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
-
-CUDA_SRC = r"""
-#include <torch/extension.h>
-#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cfloat>
-
-#define WARP_SIZE 32
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(int k, float val, int64_t idx,
-                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    if (val <= vals[k - 1]) return;
-    int pos = k - 1;
-    while (pos > 0 && val > vals[pos - 1]) {
-        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
-        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
-        --pos;
-    }
-    vals[pos] = val;
-    idxs[pos] = idx;
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(float val, int64_t idx,
-                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    insert_desc(K, val, idx, vals, idxs);
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__device__ void merge_topk(const float* a_val, const int64_t* a_idx,
-                           const float* b_val, const int64_t* b_idx,
-                           float* out_val, int64_t* out_idx) {
-    int ai = 0, bi = 0, oi = 0;
-    while (oi < K) {
-        if (ai < K && (bi >= K || a_val[ai] > b_val[bi])) {
-            out_val[oi] = a_val[ai]; out_idx[oi] = a_idx[ai]; ++ai;
-        } else {
-            out_val[oi] = b_val[bi]; out_idx[oi] = b_idx[bi]; ++bi;
-        }
-        ++oi;
-    }
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__host__ __device__ constexpr int threads_for_k() {
-    if (K <= 16) return 128;
-    return 64;
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__device__ void block_reduce_topk(float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx,
-                                  float* s_val, int64_t* s_idx, int nthreads) {
-    int tid = threadIdx.x;
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-        s_val[tid * K + j] = local_val[j];
-        s_idx[tid * K + j] = local_idx[j];
-    }
-    __syncthreads();
-    for (int stride = nthreads / 2; stride >= 1; stride >>= 1) {
-        if (tid < stride) {
-            float tmp[K]; int64_t tidx[K];
-            merge_topk<K>(s_val + tid * K, s_idx + tid * K,
-                          s_val + (tid + stride) * K, s_idx + (tid + stride) * K,
-                          tmp, tidx);
-            #pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-                s_val[tid * K + j] = tmp[j];
-                s_idx[tid * K + j] = tidx[j];
-            }
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-}
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ void warp_reduce_max(float val, int64_t idx,
-                                                float& out_val, int64_t& out_idx) {
-    for (int offset = WARP_SIZE / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-        float ov = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
-        int64_t oi = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, idx, offset);
-        if (ov > val) { val = ov; idx = oi; }
-    }
-    out_val = val; out_idx = idx;
-}
-
-__global__ void topk1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
-                             float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                             int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                             int batch, int n) {
-    int row = blockIdx.x;
-    if (row >= batch) return;
-    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
-    float best = -FLT_MAX;
-    int64_t best_i = 0;
-
-    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
-    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
-        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
-        if (v.x > best) { best = v.x; best_i = i; }
-        if (v.y > best) { best = v.y; best_i = i + 1; }
-        if (v.z > best) { best = v.z; best_i = i + 2; }
-        if (v.w > best) { best = v.w; best_i = i + 3; }
-    }
-    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        float v = row_in[i];
-        if (v > best) { best = v; best_i = i; }
-    }
-
-    __shared__ float sv[32];
-    __shared__ int64_t si[32];
-    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31, wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
-    float wv = best; int64_t wi = best_i;
-    warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
-    if (lane == 0) { sv[wid] = wv; si[wid] = wi; }
-    __syncthreads();
-    if (wid == 0) {
-        wv = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? sv[lane] : -FLT_MAX;
-        wi = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? si[lane] : 0;
-        warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
-        if (lane == 0) { out_vals[row] = wv; out_idxs[row] = wi; }
-    }
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__device__ void scan_row_topk(const float* row_in, int n,
-                              float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx) {
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { local_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[j] = 0; }
-
-    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
-    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
+    int i = start + threadIdx.x * 4;
+    for (; i + 3 < end; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
         float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
         insert_desc<K>(v.x, (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
         insert_desc<K>(v.y, (int64_t)(i + 1), local_val, local_idx);
         insert_desc<K>(v.z, (int64_t)(i + 2), local_val, local_idx);
         insert_desc<K>(v.w, (int64_t)(i + 3), local_val, local_idx);
     }
-    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+    for (i = start + threadIdx.x; i < end; i += blockDim.x) {
         insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
-    }
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__global__ void topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
-                            float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                            int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                            int batch, int n) {
-    int row = blockIdx.x;
-    if (row >= batch) return;
-    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
-    float local_val[K]; int64_t local_idx[K];
-    scan_row_topk<K>(row_in, n, local_val, local_idx);
-
-    extern __shared__

... (8647 more chars)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<561 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (9 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
         insert_desc<K>(v.z, (int64_t)(i + 2), local_val, local_idx);
         insert_desc<K>(v.w, (int64_t)(i + 3), local_val, local_idx);
     }
-    for (i = start + threadIdx.x; i < end; i += blockDim.x) {
+    for (; i < end; i += blockDim.x) {
         insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
     }
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<538 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1 && uv run python benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_7a4bb4f5-b420-4e6f-8560-8ad03e16503",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
         

... (1934 more chars)
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Re-adding a corrected radix path for k>1; histogram initialization was the main bug.
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "offset": 1,
  "limit": 50
}
tool
stdout (1466 chars)
"""Custom CUDA top-k via streaming selection + block merge (SM120)."""
from __future__ import annotations

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

CUDA_SRC = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cfloat>

#define WARP_SIZE 32

__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(int k, float val, int64_t idx,
                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
    if (val <= vals[k - 1]) return;
    int pos = k - 1;
    while (pos > 0 && val > vals[pos - 1]) {
        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
        --pos;
    }
    vals[pos] = val;
    idxs[pos] = idx;
}

template <int K>
__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(float val, int64_t idx,
                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
    insert_desc(K, val, idx, vals, idxs);
}

template <int K>
__device__ void merge_topk(const float* a_val, const int64_t* a_idx,
                           const float* b_val, const int64_t* b_idx,
                           float* out_val, int64_t* out_idx) {
    int ai = 0, bi = 0, oi = 0;
    while (oi < K) {
        if (ai < K && (bi >= K || a_val[ai] > b_val[bi])) {
            out_val[oi] = a_val[ai]; out_idx[oi] = a_idx[ai]; ++ai;
        } else {
            out_val[oi] = b_val[bi]; out_idx[oi] = b_idx[bi]; ++bi;
        }
        ++oi;
    }
}
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (228 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,11 +1,217 @@
-    int i = start + threadIdx.x * 4;
-    for (; i + 3 < end; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
+#define WARP_SIZE 32
+#define RADIX 256
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t float_to_sortable(float f) {
+    uint32_t bits = __float_as_uint(f);
+    uint32_t mask = (-(int32_t)(bits >> 31)) | 0x80000000u;
+    return bits ^ mask;
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void bitonic_sort_desc(int k, float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    for (int k2 = 2; k2 <= k; k2 <<= 1) {
+        for (int j = k2 >> 1; j > 0; j >>= 1) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
+                int ixj = i ^ j;
+                if (ixj > i) {
+                    bool asc = ((i & k2) == 0);
+                    bool swap_it = asc ? (vals[i] < vals[ixj]) : (vals[i] > vals[ixj]);
+                    if (swap_it) {
+                        float tv = vals[i]; int64_t ti = idxs[i];
+                        vals[i] = vals[ixj]; idxs[i] = idxs[ixj];
+                        vals[ixj] = tv; idxs[ixj] = ti;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ void bitonic_sort_desc(float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    bitonic_sort_desc(K, vals, idxs);
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void radix_pass(const float* row_in, int n,
+                                           int* hist, uint32_t prefix, int shift) {
+    for (int b = threadIdx.x; b < RADIX; b += blockDim.x) hist[b] = 0;
+    __syncthreads();
+    uint32_t pmask = (shift == 24) ? 0u : (~0u << (shift + 8));
+    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
+        if (shift < 24 && (u & pmask) != (prefix & pmask)) continue;
+        int bucket = (u >> shift) & 0xFF;
+        atomicAdd(&hist[bucket], 1);
+    }
+    __syncthreads();
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void radix_select_from_hist(int* hist, int& need, uint32_t& prefix, int shift) {
+    int acc = 0;
+    for (int b = 255; b >= 0; --b) {
+        acc += hist[b];
+        if (acc >= need) {
+            prefix |= (uint32_t)b << shift;
+            need = need - (acc - hist[b]);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ void collect_ge_thresh(const float* row_in, int n, uint32_t thresh_u,
+                                  float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs, int row) {
+    float acc_val[K]; int64_t acc_idx[K];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { acc_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; acc_idx[j] = 0; }
+
+    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
+    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
         float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
-        insert_desc<K>(v.x, (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
-        insert_desc<K>(v.y, (int64_t)(i + 1), local_val, local_idx);
-        insert_desc<K>(v.z, (int64_t)(i + 2), local_val, local_idx);
-        insert_desc<K>(v.w, (int64_t)(i + 3), local_val, local_idx);
-    }
-    for (; i < end; i += blockDim.x) {
-        insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
-    }+        uint32_t u0 = float_to_sortable(v.x);
+        uint32_t u1 = float_to_sortable(v.y);
+        uint32_t u2 = float_to_sortable(v.z);
+        uint32_t u3 = float_to_sortable(v.w);
+        if (u0 >= thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v.x, (int64_t)i, acc_val, acc_idx);
+        if (u1 >= thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v.y, (int64_t)(i + 1), acc_val, acc_idx);
+        if (u2 >= thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v.z, (int64_t)(i + 2), acc_val, acc_idx);
+        if (u3 >= thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v.w, (int64_t)(i + 3), acc_val, acc_idx);
+    }
+    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        if (float_to_sortable(row_in[i]) >= thresh_u)
+            insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, acc_val, acc_idx);
+    }
+
+    __shared__ float sb_v[K];
+    __shared__ int64_t sb_i[K];
+    for (int t = 0; t < blockDim.x; ++t) {
+        if (threadIdx.x == t) {
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { sb_v[j] = acc_val[j]; sb_i[j] = acc_idx[j]; }
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+                if (sb_v[j] > -FLT_MAX) insert_desc<K>(sb_v[j], sb_i[j], acc_val, acc_idx);
+            }
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+
+    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+        bitonic_sort_desc<K>(acc_val, acc_idx);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+            out_vals[(int64_t)row * K + j] = acc_val[j];
+            out_idxs[(int64_t)row * K + j] = acc_idx[j];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__global__ void radix_topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
+                                  float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                                  int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                                  int batch, int n) {
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
+    if (row >= batch) return;
+    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
+    __shared__ int hist[RADIX];
+    __shared__ uint32_t prefix_u;
+    __shared__ int need_k;
+
+    uint32_t prefix = 0;
+    int need = K;
+    for (int shift = 24; shift >= 0; shift -= 8) {
+        radix_pass(row_in, n, hist, prefix, shift);
+        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+            int nneed = need;
+            uint32_t pp = prefix;
+            radix_select_from_hist(hist, nneed, pp, shift);
+            prefix_u = pp;
+            need_k = nneed;
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+        prefix = prefix_u;
+        need = need_k;
+    }
+    collect_ge_thresh<K>(row_in, n, prefix, out_vals, out_idxs, row);
+}
+
+__global__ void radix_hist_slice_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
+                                        int* __restrict__ global_hist,
+                                        int row, int n, int num_blocks,
+                                        uint32_t prefix, int shift) {
+    int bid = blockIdx

... (3010 more chars)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<8183 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (219 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,217 +1,4 @@
-#define WARP_SIZE 32
-#define RADIX 256
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t float_to_sortable(float f) {
-    uint32_t bits = __float_as_uint(f);
-    uint32_t mask = (-(int32_t)(bits >> 31)) | 0x80000000u;
-    return bits ^ mask;
-}
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ void bitonic_sort_desc(int k, float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    for (int k2 = 2; k2 <= k; k2 <<= 1) {
-        for (int j = k2 >> 1; j > 0; j >>= 1) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
-                int ixj = i ^ j;
-                if (ixj > i) {
-                    bool asc = ((i & k2) == 0);
-                    bool swap_it = asc ? (vals[i] < vals[ixj]) : (vals[i] > vals[ixj]);
-                    if (swap_it) {
-                        float tv = vals[i]; int64_t ti = idxs[i];
-                        vals[i] = vals[ixj]; idxs[i] = idxs[ixj];
-                        vals[ixj] = tv; idxs[ixj] = ti;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__device__ void bitonic_sort_desc(float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    bitonic_sort_desc(K, vals, idxs);
-}
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ void radix_pass(const float* row_in, int n,
-                                           int* hist, uint32_t prefix, int shift) {
-    for (int b = threadIdx.x; b < RADIX; b += blockDim.x) hist[b] = 0;
-    __syncthreads();
-    uint32_t pmask = (shift == 24) ? 0u : (~0u << (shift + 8));
-    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        uint32_t u = float_to_sortable(row_in[i]);
-        if (shift < 24 && (u & pmask) != (prefix & pmask)) continue;
-        int bucket = (u >> shift) & 0xFF;
-        atomicAdd(&hist[bucket], 1);
-    }
-    __syncthreads();
-}
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ void radix_select_from_hist(int* hist, int& need, uint32_t& prefix, int shift) {
-    int acc = 0;
-    for (int b = 255; b >= 0; --b) {
-        acc += hist[b];
-        if (acc >= need) {
-            prefix |= (uint32_t)b << shift;
-            need = need - (acc - hist[b]);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__device__ void collect_ge_thresh(const float* row_in, int n, uint32_t thresh_u,
-                                  float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs, int row) {
-    float acc_val[K]; int64_t acc_idx[K];
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { acc_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; acc_idx[j] = 0; }
-
-    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
-    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
-        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
-        uint32_t u0 = float_to_sortable(v.x);
-        uint32_t u1 = float_to_sortable(v.y);
-        uint32_t u2 = float_to_sortable(v.z);
-        uint32_t u3 = float_to_sortable(v.w);
-        if (u0 >= thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v.x, (int64_t)i, acc_val, acc_idx);
-        if (u1 >= thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v.y, (int64_t)(i + 1), acc_val, acc_idx);
-        if (u2 >= thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v.z, (int64_t)(i + 2), acc_val, acc_idx);
-        if (u3 >= thresh_u) insert_desc<K>(v.w, (int64_t)(i + 3), acc_val, acc_idx);
-    }
-    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        if (float_to_sortable(row_in[i]) >= thresh_u)
-            insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, acc_val, acc_idx);
-    }
-
-    __shared__ float sb_v[K];
-    __shared__ int64_t sb_i[K];
-    for (int t = 0; t < blockDim.x; ++t) {
-        if (threadIdx.x == t) {
-            #pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { sb_v[j] = acc_val[j]; sb_i[j] = acc_idx[j]; }
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            #pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-                if (sb_v[j] > -FLT_MAX) insert_desc<K>(sb_v[j], sb_i[j], acc_val, acc_idx);
-            }
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-
-    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-        bitonic_sort_desc<K>(acc_val, acc_idx);
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-            out_vals[(int64_t)row * K + j] = acc_val[j];
-            out_idxs[(int64_t)row * K + j] = acc_idx[j];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__global__ void radix_topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
-                                  float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                                  int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                                  int batch, int n) {
-    int row = blockIdx.x;
-    if (row >= batch) return;
-    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
-    __shared__ int hist[RADIX];
-    __shared__ uint32_t prefix_u;
-    __shared__ int need_k;
-
-    uint32_t prefix = 0;
-    int need = K;
-    for (int shift = 24; shift >= 0; shift -= 8) {
-        radix_pass(row_in, n, hist, prefix, shift);
-        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            int nneed = need;
-            uint32_t pp = prefix;
-            radix_select_from_hist(hist, nneed, pp, shift);
-            prefix_u = pp;
-            need_k = nneed;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        prefix = prefix_u;
-        need = need_k;
-    }
-    collect_ge_thresh<K>(row_in, n, prefix, out_vals, out_idxs, row);
-}
-
-__global__ void radix_hist_slice_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
-                                        int* __restrict__ global_hist,
-                                        int row, int n, int num_blocks,
-                                        uint32_t prefix, int shift) {
-    int bid = blockIdx.x;
-    if (bid >= num_blocks) return;
-    int slice = (n + num_blocks - 1) / num_blocks;
-    int start = bid * slice;
-    int end = min(start + slice, n);
-    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
-    uint32_t pmask = (shift == 24) ? 0u : (~0u << (shift + 8));
-
-    __shared__ int local_hist[RADIX];
-    for (int b = threadIdx.x; b < RADIX; b += blockDim.x) local_hist[b] = 0;
-    __syncthreads();
-
-    for (int i = start + threadIdx.x; i < end; i += blockDim.x) {

... (2601 more chars)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<179 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (20 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,4 +1,15 @@
-    radix_collect_large_kernel<K><<<1, threads, 0, stream>>>(in, out_vals, out_idxs, 0, n, h_prefix);
-}
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(int k, float val, int64_t idx,+template <int K>
+void launch_topk(const float* in, float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs,
+                 int batch, int n, cudaStream_t stream,
+                 float* partial_vals, int64_t* partial_idxs, int partial_cap,
+                 int* hist_buf, uint32_t* prefix_dev, int* need_dev) {
+    constexpr int T = 128;
+    if (batch == 1 && n >= 65536 && hist_buf != nullptr) {
+        cudaMemsetAsync(prefix_dev, 0, sizeof(uint32_t), stream);
+        int init_k = K;
+        cudaMemcpyAsync(need_dev, &init_k, sizeof(int), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, stream);
+        launch_large_row_radix<K>(in, out_vals, out_idxs, n, hist_buf, prefix_dev, need_dev, stream);
+    } else {
+        radix_topk_kernel<K><<<batch, T, 0, stream>>>(in, out_vals, out_idxs, batch, n);
+    }
+}
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<768 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (73 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,15 +1,59 @@
-template <int K>
-void launch_topk(const float* in, float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs,
-                 int batch, int n, cudaStream_t stream,
-                 float* partial_vals, int64_t* partial_idxs, int partial_cap,
-                 int* hist_buf, uint32_t* prefix_dev, int* need_dev) {
-    constexpr int T = 128;
-    if (batch == 1 && n >= 65536 && hist_buf != nullptr) {
-        cudaMemsetAsync(prefix_dev, 0, sizeof(uint32_t), stream);
-        int init_k = K;
-        cudaMemcpyAsync(need_dev, &init_k, sizeof(int), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, stream);
-        launch_large_row_radix<K>(in, out_vals, out_idxs, n, hist_buf, prefix_dev, need_dev, stream);
+void dispatch_topk(const torch::Tensor& input, torch::Tensor& out_vals,
+                   torch::Tensor& out_idxs, int k,
+                   torch::Tensor& partial_vals, torch::Tensor& partial_idxs,
+                   torch::Tensor& hist_buf, torch::Tensor& prefix_dev,
+                   torch::Tensor& need_dev) {
+    const float* in_ptr = input.data_ptr<float>();
+    float* val_ptr = out_vals.data_ptr<float>();
+    int64_t* idx_ptr = out_idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>();
+    int batch = (int)input.size(0);
+    int n = (int)input.size(1);
+    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
+    float* pval = partial_vals.defined() && partial_vals.numel() > 0
+        ? partial_vals.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;
+    int64_t* pidx = partial_idxs.defined() && partial_idxs.numel() > 0
+        ? partial_idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>() : nullptr;
+    int partial_cap = partial_vals.defined() ? (int)partial_vals.size(0) : 0;
+    int* hist_ptr = hist_buf.defined() && hist_buf.numel() > 0
+        ? hist_buf.data_ptr<int>() : nullptr;
+    uint32_t* prefix_ptr = prefix_dev.defined() && prefix_dev.numel() > 0
+        ? prefix_dev.data_ptr<uint32_t>() : nullptr;
+    int* need_ptr = need_dev.defined() && need_dev.numel() > 0
+        ? need_dev.data_ptr<int>() : nullptr;
+
+    if (k == 1) {
+        topk1_kernel<<<batch, 256, 0, stream>>>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n);
+    } else if (k == 8) {
+        launch_topk<8>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap,
+                       hist_ptr, prefix_ptr, need_ptr);
+    } else if (k == 16) {
+        launch_topk<16>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap,
+                        hist_ptr, prefix_ptr, need_ptr);
+    } else if (k == 32) {
+        launch_topk<32>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap,
+                        hist_ptr, prefix_ptr, need_ptr);
+    } else if (k == 64) {
+        launch_topk<64>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap,
+                        hist_ptr, prefix_ptr, need_ptr);
     } else {
-        radix_topk_kernel<K><<<batch, T, 0, stream>>>(in, out_vals, out_idxs, batch, n);
+        TORCH_CHECK(false, "unsupported k=", k);
     }
+}
+
+std::vector<torch::Tensor> topk_cuda(torch::Tensor input, int k,
+                                       torch::Tensor partial_vals,
+                                       torch::Tensor partial_idxs,
+                                       torch::Tensor hist_buf,
+                                       torch::Tensor prefix_dev,
+                                       torch::Tensor need_dev) {
+    TORCH_CHECK(input.is_cuda() && input.dtype() == torch::kFloat32);
+    TORCH_CHECK(input.dim() == 2);
+    int batch = (int)input.size(0);
+    auto opts_f = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kFloat32).device(input.device());
+    auto opts_i = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kInt64).device(input.device());
+    auto values = torch::empty({batch, k}, opts_f);
+    auto indices = torch::empty({batch, k}, opts_i);
+    dispatch_topk(input.contiguous(), values, indices, k, partial_vals, partial_idxs,
+                  hist_buf, prefix_dev, need_dev);
+    return {values, indices};
 }
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<3123 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (71 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,59 +1,13 @@
-void dispatch_topk(const torch::Tensor& input, torch::Tensor& out_vals,
-                   torch::Tensor& out_idxs, int k,
-                   torch::Tensor& partial_vals, torch::Tensor& partial_idxs,
-                   torch::Tensor& hist_buf, torch::Tensor& prefix_dev,
-                   torch::Tensor& need_dev) {
-    const float* in_ptr = input.data_ptr<float>();
-    float* val_ptr = out_vals.data_ptr<float>();
-    int64_t* idx_ptr = out_idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>();
-    int batch = (int)input.size(0);
-    int n = (int)input.size(1);
-    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
-    float* pval = partial_vals.defined() && partial_vals.numel() > 0
-        ? partial_vals.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;
-    int64_t* pidx = partial_idxs.defined() && partial_idxs.numel() > 0
-        ? partial_idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>() : nullptr;
-    int partial_cap = partial_vals.defined() ? (int)partial_vals.size(0) : 0;
-    int* hist_ptr = hist_buf.defined() && hist_buf.numel() > 0
-        ? hist_buf.data_ptr<int>() : nullptr;
-    uint32_t* prefix_ptr = prefix_dev.defined() && prefix_dev.numel() > 0
-        ? prefix_dev.data_ptr<uint32_t>() : nullptr;
-    int* need_ptr = need_dev.defined() && need_dev.numel() > 0
-        ? need_dev.data_ptr<int>() : nullptr;
+_hist_cache: dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {}
+_radix_state: dict[str, tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}
 
-    if (k == 1) {
-        topk1_kernel<<<batch, 256, 0, stream>>>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n);
-    } else if (k == 8) {
-        launch_topk<8>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap,
-                       hist_ptr, prefix_ptr, need_ptr);
-    } else if (k == 16) {
-        launch_topk<16>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap,
-                        hist_ptr, prefix_ptr, need_ptr);
-    } else if (k == 32) {
-        launch_topk<32>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap,
-                        hist_ptr, prefix_ptr, need_ptr);
-    } else if (k == 64) {
-        launch_topk<64>(in_ptr, val_ptr, idx_ptr, batch, n, stream, pval, pidx, partial_cap,
-                        hist_ptr, prefix_ptr, need_ptr);
-    } else {
-        TORCH_CHECK(false, "unsupported k=", k);
-    }
-}
 
-std::vector<torch::Tensor> topk_cuda(torch::Tensor input, int k,
-                                       torch::Tensor partial_vals,
-                                       torch::Tensor partial_idxs,
-                                       torch::Tensor hist_buf,
-                                       torch::Tensor prefix_dev,
-                                       torch::Tensor need_dev) {
-    TORCH_CHECK(input.is_cuda() && input.dtype() == torch::kFloat32);
-    TORCH_CHECK(input.dim() == 2);
-    int batch = (int)input.size(0);
-    auto opts_f = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kFloat32).device(input.device());
-    auto opts_i = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kInt64).device(input.device());
-    auto values = torch::empty({batch, k}, opts_f);
-    auto indices = torch::empty({batch, k}, opts_i);
-    dispatch_topk(input.contiguous(), values, indices, k, partial_vals, partial_idxs,
-                  hist_buf, prefix_dev, need_dev);
-    return {values, indices};
-}+def _get_radix_workspace(device: torch.device):
+    key = str(device)
+    if key not in _radix_state:
+        _radix_state[key] = (
+            torch.zeros(256, dtype=torch.int32, device=device),
+            torch.zeros(1, dtype=torch.int32, device=device),
+            torch.zeros(1, dtype=torch.int32, device=device),
+        )
+    return _radix_state[key]
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<480 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (24 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-_hist_cache: dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {}
-_radix_state: dict[str, tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}
+        self._use_large_radix = batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1
 
-
-def _get_radix_workspace(device: torch.device):
-    key = str(device)
-    if key not in _radix_state:
-        _radix_state[key] = (
-            torch.zeros(256, dtype=torch.int32, device=device),
-            torch.zeros(1, dtype=torch.int32, device=device),
-            torch.zeros(1, dtype=torch.int32, device=device),
-        )
-    return _radix_state[key]+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
+        ext = _get_ext()
+        pv = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.float32, device=x.device)
+        pi = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.int64, device=x.device)
+        if self._use_large_radix:
+            hist, prefix, need = _get_radix_workspace(x.device)
+        else:
+            hist = prefix = need = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.int32, device=x.device)
+        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, pv, pi, hist, prefix, need)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<542 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
grep /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "pattern": "_get_partial|_partial_cache|_hist_cache",
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "caseInsensitive": false,
  "multiline": false,
  "toolCallId": "tool_6fd3b3a3-9bec-435b-a354-db5028ec69c",
  "offset": 0
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (13 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,11 +1 @@
-        self._use_large_radix = batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1
-
-    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
-        ext = _get_ext()
-        pv = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.float32, device=x.device)
-        pi = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.int64, device=x.device)
-        if self._use_large_radix:
-            hist, prefix, need = _get_radix_workspace(x.device)
-        else:
-            hist = prefix = need = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.int32, device=x.device)
-        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, pv, pi, hist, prefix, need)+_radix_state: dict[str, tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "_radix_state: dict[str, tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (6 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-_radix_state: dict[str, tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}+    return _radix_state[key]
+
+
+class Model(nn.Module):
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<54 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stderr (676 chars)
path: ''
error: 'The string to replace was not found in the file.'
modelVisibleError:
  The string to replace was not found in the file (even after relaxing whitespace). Found a possible fuzzy match, did you mean:
  
     580|
  def _get_partial_workspace(k: int, cap: int, device: torch.device):
      key = (k, cap, str(device))
      if key not in _partial_cache:
          _partial_cache[key] = (
              torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.float32, device=device),
              torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
          )
      return _partial_cache[key]
  
     590|
  class Model(nn.Module):
      """Top-k over the last dim of a 2D tensor."""
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "offset": 565
}
tool
stdout (1633 chars) — TRUNCATED
def _get_ext():
    global _topk_ext
    if _topk_ext is None:
        _topk_ext = load_inline(
            name="topk_cuda_ext",
            cpp_sources="",
            cuda_sources=CUDA_SRC,
            functions=None,
            extra_cuda_cflags=CUDA_FLAGS,
            verbose=False,
        )
    return _topk_ext


def _get_partial_workspace(k: int, cap: int, device: torch.device):
    key = (k, cap, str(device))
    if key not in _partial_cache:
        _partial_cache[key] = (
            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.float32, device=device),
            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
        )
    return _partial_cache[key]


class Model(nn.Module):
    """Top-k over the last dim of a 2D tensor."""

    def __init__(self, batch: int, n: int, k: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.batch, self.n, self.k = batch, n, k
        self.register_buffer("_dummy", torch.zeros(1))
        self._use_large_radix = batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
        ext = _get_ext()
        pv = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.float32, device=x.device)
        pi = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.int64, device=x.device)
        if self._use_large_radix:
            hist, prefix, need = _get_radix_workspace(x.device)
        else:
            hist = prefix = need = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.int32, device=x.device)
        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, pv, pi, hist, prefix, need)


batch = 64
n = 8192
k = 8


d

... (133 more chars)
assistant
grep /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "pattern": "_get_radix_workspace",
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "caseInsensitive": false,
  "multiline": false,
  "toolCallId": "tool_d2ac4638-f361-496c-9e2d-6f830498aa7",
  "offset": 0
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (6 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
-    return _radix_state[key]
-
 
 class Model(nn.Module):
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<24 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (5 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-
-class Model(nn.Module):+    uint32_t* prefix_ptr = prefix_dev.defined() && prefix_dev.numel() > 0
+        ? reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(prefix_dev.data_ptr<int32_t>()) : nullptr;
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<154 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_8f9b0fd2-c62d-43e6-8d6e-656246ad92a",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "-rf"
          },
          {
  

... (1375 more chars)
tool
stdout (14951 chars) — TRUNCATED
failure:
  command: 'rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1'
  workingDirectory: ''
  exitCode: 1
  signal: ''
  stdout:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 2774, in _run_ninja_build
        subprocess.run(
      File "/uv-cache/python/cpython-3.11.15-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.11/subprocess.py", line 571, in run
        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
    subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['ninja', '-v']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
    
    The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
    
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 157, in <module>
        main()
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/check.py", line 82, in main
        sol_out = sol_model(*inputs)
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1779, in _wrapped_call_impl
        return self._call_impl(*args, **kwargs)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1790, in _call_impl
        return forward_call(*args, **kwargs)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic

... (13451 more chars)
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (25 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,2 +1,22 @@
-    uint32_t* prefix_ptr = prefix_dev.defined() && prefix_dev.numel() > 0
-        ? reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(prefix_dev.data_ptr<int32_t>()) : nullptr;+#define RADIX 256
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(int k, float val, int64_t idx,
+                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    if (val <= vals[k - 1]) return;
+    int pos = k - 1;
+    while (pos > 0 && val > vals[pos - 1]) {
+        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
+        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
+        --pos;
+    }
+    vals[pos] = val;
+    idxs[pos] = idx;
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(float val, int64_t idx,
+                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    insert_desc(K, val, idx, vals, idxs);
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t float_to_sortable(float f) {
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<674 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (24 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,22 +1,4 @@
-#define RADIX 256
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(int k, float val, int64_t idx,
-                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    if (val <= vals[k - 1]) return;
-    int pos = k - 1;
-    while (pos > 0 && val > vals[pos - 1]) {
-        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
-        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
-        --pos;
-    }
-    vals[pos] = val;
-    idxs[pos] = idx;
 }
 
 template <int K>
-__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(float val, int64_t idx,
-                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    insert_desc(K, val, idx, vals, idxs);
-}
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t float_to_sortable(float f) {+__device__ void merge_topk(const float* a_val, const int64_t* a_idx,
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<88 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
read /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "offset": 1,
  "limit": 30
}
tool
stdout (763 chars)
"""Custom CUDA top-k via streaming selection + block merge (SM120)."""
from __future__ import annotations

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

CUDA_SRC = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cfloat>

#define WARP_SIZE 32
#define RADIX 256

__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(int k, float val, int64_t idx,
                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
    if (val <= vals[k - 1]) return;
    int pos = k - 1;
    while (pos > 0 && val > vals[pos - 1]) {
        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
        --pos;
    }
    vals[pos] = val;
    idxs[pos] = idx;
}
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_df55bde8-4f08-4024-9a49-d1a78923082",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "-rf"
          },
          {
  

... (1357 more chars)
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
await
args
{
  "taskId": "589665",
  "blockUntilMs": 120000,
  "regex": "PASS|FAIL"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
read /home/agent/.cursor/projects/workspace-problems-05-topk-bitonic/terminals/589665.txt
args
{
  "path": "/home/agent/.cursor/projects/workspace-problems-05-topk-bitonic/terminals/589665.txt"
}
tool
stdout (550 chars)
---
pid: 3291
cwd: "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
command: "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1"
started_at: 2026-06-15T18:22:53.910Z
running_for_ms: 135001   
---
FAIL: shape 0 {'batch': 1, 'n': 131072, 'k': 64} seed 42 case nominal values: tolerance exceeded: max_abs_diff=0.0318 max_rel_diff=0.00951986 bad=37/64 worst_idx=(0, 40) (atol=0.0001, rtol=0.0001)

---
exit_code: 1
elapsed_ms: 136539
ended_at: 2026-06-15T18:25:10.449Z
---
assistant
Using streaming for the large single-row case; radix for other k>1 shapes.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (22 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,4 +1,18 @@
-}
+template <int K>
+void launch_topk(const float* in, float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs,
+                 int batch, int n, cudaStream_t stream,
+                 float* partial_vals, int64_t* partial_idxs, int partial_cap,
+                 int* hist_buf, uint32_t* prefix_dev, int* need_dev) {
+    constexpr int T = threads_for_k<K>();
+    size_t smem = (size_t)T * K * (sizeof(float) + sizeof(int64_t));
 
-template <int K>
-__device__ void merge_topk(const float* a_val, const int64_t* a_idx,+    if (batch == 1 && n >= 65536 && partial_vals != nullptr) {
+        int num_blocks = min(partial_cap, (n + T - 1) / T);
+        topk_slice_kernel<K><<<num_blocks, T, smem, stream>>>(
+            in, partial_vals, partial_idxs, 0, n, num_blocks);
+        topk_merge_kernel<K><<<1, T, smem, stream>>>(
+            partial_vals, partial_idxs, out_vals, out_idxs, 0, num_blocks);
+    } else {
+        radix_topk_kernel<K><<<batch, 128, 0, stream>>>(in, out_vals, out_idxs, batch, n);
+    }
+}
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<894 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (30 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
-template <int K>
-void launch_topk(const float* in, float* out_vals, int64_t* out_idxs,
-                 int batch, int n, cudaStream_t stream,
-                 float* partial_vals, int64_t* partial_idxs, int partial_cap,
-                 int* hist_buf, uint32_t* prefix_dev, int* need_dev) {
-    constexpr int T = threads_for_k<K>();
-    size_t smem = (size_t)T * K * (sizeof(float) + sizeof(int64_t));
+_radix_state: dict[str, tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}
+_partial_cache: dict[tuple[int, int, str], tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}
 
-    if (batch == 1 && n >= 65536 && partial_vals != nullptr) {
-        int num_blocks = min(partial_cap, (n + T - 1) / T);
-        topk_slice_kernel<K><<<num_blocks, T, smem, stream>>>(
-            in, partial_vals, partial_idxs, 0, n, num_blocks);
-        topk_merge_kernel<K><<<1, T, smem, stream>>>(
-            partial_vals, partial_idxs, out_vals, out_idxs, 0, num_blocks);
-    } else {
-        radix_topk_kernel<K><<<batch, 128, 0, stream>>>(in, out_vals, out_idxs, batch, n);
-    }
-}+
+def _get_partial_workspace(k: int, cap: int, device: torch.device):
+    key = (k, cap, str(device))
+    if key not in _partial_cache:
+        _partial_cache[key] = (
+            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.float32, device=device),
+            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
+        )
+    return _partial_cache[key]
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<505 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (24 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-_radix_state: dict[str, tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}
-_partial_cache: dict[tuple[int, int, str], tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]] = {}
+        self._use_slice = batch == 1 and n >= 65536 and k > 1
+        self._partial_cap = min(1024, (n + 63) // 64) if self._use_slice else 0
 
-
-def _get_partial_workspace(k: int, cap: int, device: torch.device):
-    key = (k, cap, str(device))
-    if key not in _partial_cache:
-        _partial_cache[key] = (
-            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.float32, device=device),
-            torch.empty(cap, k, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
-        )
-    return _partial_cache[key]+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
+        ext = _get_ext()
+        empty_i = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.int32, device=x.device)
+        if self._use_slice:
+            pv, pi = _get_partial_workspace(self.k, self._partial_cap, x.device)
+        else:
+            pv = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.float32, device=x.device)
+            pi = torch.empty(0, dtype=torch.int64, device=x.device)
+        return ext.topk_cuda(x.contiguous(), self.k, pv, pi, empty_i, empty_i, empty_i)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<625 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_3c1ad4f9-e919-4769-a0cc-732ca82fb1c",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "-rf"
          },
          {
  

... (1372 more chars)
tool
stdout (747 chars)
failure:
  command: 'rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1'
  workingDirectory: ''
  exitCode: 1
  signal: ''
  stdout:
    FAIL: shape 1 {'batch': 64, 'n': 8192, 'k': 8} seed 42 case nominal values: tolerance exceeded: max_abs_diff=0.319239 max_rel_diff=0.104575 bad=13/512 worst_idx=(49, 3) (atol=0.0001, rtol=0.0001)
  stderr: ''
  executionTime: 50203
  interleavedOutput:
    FAIL: shape 1 {'batch': 64, 'n': 8192, 'k': 8} seed 42 case nominal values: tolerance exceeded: max_abs_diff=0.319239 max_rel_diff=0.104575 bad=13/512 worst_idx=(49, 3) (atol=0.0001, rtol=0.0001)
  aborted: False
  localExecutionTimeMs: 50126
isBackground: False
assistant
Radix selection still has correctness issues. Reverting to the passing streaming kernel and tuning performance parameters.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (387 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,12 +1,382 @@
+"""Custom CUDA top-k via streaming selection + block merge (SM120)."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
+
+CUDA_SRC = r"""
+#include <torch/extension.h>
+#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cfloat>
+
+#define WARP_SIZE 32
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(int k, float val, int64_t idx,
+                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    if (val <= vals[k - 1]) return;
+    int pos = k - 1;
+    while (pos > 0 && val > vals[pos - 1]) {
+        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
+        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
+        --pos;
+    }
+    vals[pos] = val;
+    idxs[pos] = idx;
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(float val, int64_t idx,
+                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    insert_desc(K, val, idx, vals, idxs);
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ void merge_topk(const float* a_val, const int64_t* a_idx,
+                           const float* b_val, const int64_t* b_idx,
+                           float* out_val, int64_t* out_idx) {
+    int ai = 0, bi = 0, oi = 0;
+    while (oi < K) {
+        if (ai < K && (bi >= K || a_val[ai] > b_val[bi])) {
+            out_val[oi] = a_val[ai]; out_idx[oi] = a_idx[ai]; ++ai;
+        } else {
+            out_val[oi] = b_val[bi]; out_idx[oi] = b_idx[bi]; ++bi;
+        }
+        ++oi;
+    }
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__host__ __device__ constexpr int threads_for_k() {
+    if (K <= 16) return 128;
+    return 64;
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ void block_reduce_topk(float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx,
+                                  float* s_val, int64_t* s_idx, int nthreads) {
+    int tid = threadIdx.x;
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+        s_val[tid * K + j] = local_val[j];
+        s_idx[tid * K + j] = local_idx[j];
+    }
+    __syncthreads();
+    for (int stride = nthreads / 2; stride >= 1; stride >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < stride) {
+            float tmp[K]; int64_t tidx[K];
+            merge_topk<K>(s_val + tid * K, s_idx + tid * K,
+                          s_val + (tid + stride) * K, s_idx + (tid + stride) * K,
+                          tmp, tidx);
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
+                s_val[tid * K + j] = tmp[j];
+                s_idx[tid * K + j] = tidx[j];
+            }
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ void warp_reduce_max(float val, int64_t idx,
+                                                float& out_val, int64_t& out_idx) {
+    for (int offset = WARP_SIZE / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+        float ov = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
+        int64_t oi = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, idx, offset);
+        if (ov > val) { val = ov; idx = oi; }
+    }
+    out_val = val; out_idx = idx;
+}
+
+__global__ void topk1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
+                             float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                             int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                             int batch, int n) {
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
+    if (row >= batch) return;
+    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
+    float best = -FLT_MAX;
+    int64_t best_i = 0;
+
+    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
+    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
+        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
+        if (v.x > best) { best = v.x; best_i = i; }
+        if (v.y > best) { best = v.y; best_i = i + 1; }
+        if (v.z > best) { best = v.z; best_i = i + 2; }
+        if (v.w > best) { best = v.w; best_i = i + 3; }
+    }
+    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        float v = row_in[i];
+        if (v > best) { best = v; best_i = i; }
+    }
+
+    __shared__ float sv[32];
+    __shared__ int64_t si[32];
+    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31, wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
+    float wv = best; int64_t wi = best_i;
+    warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
+    if (lane == 0) { sv[wid] = wv; si[wid] = wi; }
+    __syncthreads();
+    if (wid == 0) {
+        wv = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? sv[lane] : -FLT_MAX;
+        wi = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? si[lane] : 0;
+        warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
+        if (lane == 0) { out_vals[row] = wv; out_idxs[row] = wi; }
+    }
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__device__ void scan_row_topk(const float* row_in, int n,
+                              float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx) {
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { local_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[j] = 0; }
+
+    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
+    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
+        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
+        insert_desc<K>(v.x, (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
+        insert_desc<K>(v.y, (int64_t)(i + 1), local_val, local_idx);
+        insert_desc<K>(v.z, (int64_t)(i + 2), local_val, local_idx);
+        insert_desc<K>(v.w, (int64_t)(i + 3), local_val, local_idx);
+    }
+    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
+    }
+}
+
+template <int K>
+__global__ void topk_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
+                            float* __restrict__ out_vals,
+                            int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
+                            int batch, int n) {
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
+    if (row >= batch) return;
+    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
+    float local_val[K]; int64_t local_idx[K];
+    scan_row_topk<K>(row_in, n, local_val, local_idx);
+
+    extern __shared__ char smem[];
+    float* s_val = reinterpret_cast<float*>(smem);
+    int64_t* s_idx = reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(s_val + blockDim.x * K);
+    bloc

... (8645 more chars)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<13897 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1 && uv run python benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_e349d034-2a60-4454-b236-80f75e7b1fc",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
         

... (1936 more chars)
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
Adding a tile-based bitonic path for k=32 and k=64 to improve performance on the slow shapes.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (421 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,136 +1,62 @@
-"""Custom CUDA top-k via streaming selection + block merge (SM120)."""
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import torch
-import torch.nn as nn
-from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
-
-CUDA_SRC = r"""
-#include <torch/extension.h>
-#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cfloat>
-
-#define WARP_SIZE 32
-
-__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(int k, float val, int64_t idx,
-                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    if (val <= vals[k - 1]) return;
-    int pos = k - 1;
-    while (pos > 0 && val > vals[pos - 1]) {
-        vals[pos] = vals[pos - 1];
-        idxs[pos] = idxs[pos - 1];
-        --pos;
-    }
-    vals[pos] = val;
-    idxs[pos] = idx;
-}
-
 template <int K>
-__device__ __forceinline__ void insert_desc(float val, int64_t idx,
-                                            float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    insert_desc(K, val, idx, vals, idxs);
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__device__ void merge_topk(const float* a_val, const int64_t* a_idx,
-                           const float* b_val, const int64_t* b_idx,
-                           float* out_val, int64_t* out_idx) {
-    int ai = 0, bi = 0, oi = 0;
-    while (oi < K) {
-        if (ai < K && (bi >= K || a_val[ai] > b_val[bi])) {
-            out_val[oi] = a_val[ai]; out_idx[oi] = a_idx[ai]; ++ai;
-        } else {
-            out_val[oi] = b_val[bi]; out_idx[oi] = b_idx[bi]; ++bi;
+__device__ void bitonic_sort_desc(float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    for (int k2 = 2; k2 <= K; k2 <<= 1) {
+        for (int j = k2 >> 1; j > 0; j >>= 1) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) {
+                int ixj = i ^ j;
+                if (ixj > i) {
+                    bool asc = ((i & k2) == 0);
+                    bool swap_it = asc ? (vals[i] < vals[ixj]) : (vals[i] > vals[ixj]);
+                    if (swap_it) {
+                        float tv = vals[i]; int64_t ti = idxs[i];
+                        vals[i] = vals[ixj]; idxs[i] = idxs[ixj];
+                        vals[ixj] = tv; idxs[ixj] = ti;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
-        ++oi;
     }
 }
 
-template <int K>
-__host__ __device__ constexpr int threads_for_k() {
-    if (K <= 16) return 128;
-    return 64;
-}
+template <int K, int TILE>
+__device__ void scan_row_tiled(const float* row_in, int n,
+                               float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx) {
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { local_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[j] = 0; }
 
-template <int K>
-__device__ void block_reduce_topk(float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx,
-                                  float* s_val, int64_t* s_idx, int nthreads) {
-    int tid = threadIdx.x;
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-        s_val[tid * K + j] = local_val[j];
-        s_idx[tid * K + j] = local_idx[j];
-    }
-    __syncthreads();
-    for (int stride = nthreads / 2; stride >= 1; stride >>= 1) {
-        if (tid < stride) {
-            float tmp[K]; int64_t tidx[K];
-            merge_topk<K>(s_val + tid * K, s_idx + tid * K,
-                          s_val + (tid + stride) * K, s_idx + (tid + stride) * K,
-                          tmp, tidx);
-            #pragma unroll
+    __shared__ float tile_v[TILE];
+    __shared__ int64_t tile_i[TILE];
+
+    for (int base = 0; base < n; base += TILE) {
+        int len = min(TILE, n - base);
+        for (int t = threadIdx.x; t < TILE; t += blockDim.x) {
+            if (t < len) {
+                tile_v[t] = row_in[base + t];
+                tile_i[t] = (int64_t)(base + t);
+            } else {
+                tile_v[t] = -FLT_MAX;
+                tile_i[t] = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+        bitonic_sort_desc<TILE>(tile_v, tile_i);
+        __syncthreads();
+        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
             for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-                s_val[tid * K + j] = tmp[j];
-                s_idx[tid * K + j] = tidx[j];
+                insert_desc<K>(tile_v[j], tile_i[j], local_val, local_idx);
             }
         }
         __syncthreads();
     }
 }
 
-__device__ __forceinline__ void warp_reduce_max(float val, int64_t idx,
-                                                float& out_val, int64_t& out_idx) {
-    for (int offset = WARP_SIZE / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-        float ov = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
-        int64_t oi = __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, idx, offset);
-        if (ov > val) { val = ov; idx = oi; }
-    }
-    out_val = val; out_idx = idx;
-}
-
-__global__ void topk1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ in,
-                             float* __restrict__ out_vals,
-                             int64_t* __restrict__ out_idxs,
-                             int batch, int n) {
-    int row = blockIdx.x;
-    if (row >= batch) return;
-    const float* row_in = in + (int64_t)row * n;
-    float best = -FLT_MAX;
-    int64_t best_i = 0;
-
-    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
-    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
-        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
-        if (v.x > best) { best = v.x; best_i = i; }
-        if (v.y > best) { best = v.y; best_i = i + 1; }
-        if (v.z > best) { best = v.z; best_i = i + 2; }
-        if (v.w > best) { best = v.w; best_i = i + 3; }
-    }
-    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        float v = row_in[i];
-        if (v > best) { best = v; best_i = i; }
-    }
-
-    __shared__ float sv[32];
-    __shared__ int64_t si[32];
-    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31, wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
-    float wv = best; int64_t wi = best_i;
-    warp_reduce_max(wv, wi, wv, wi);
-    if (lane == 0) { sv[wid] = wv; si[wid] = wi; }
-    __syncthreads();
-    if (wid == 0) {
-        wv = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 

... (9750 more chars)
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<2610 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (76 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,74 +1 @@
-template <int K>
-__device__ void bitonic_sort_desc(float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    for (int k2 = 2; k2 <= K; k2 <<= 1) {
-        for (int j = k2 >> 1; j > 0; j >>= 1) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) {
-                int ixj = i ^ j;
-                if (ixj > i) {
-                    bool asc = ((i & k2) == 0);
-                    bool swap_it = asc ? (vals[i] < vals[ixj]) : (vals[i] > vals[ixj]);
-                    if (swap_it) {
-                        float tv = vals[i]; int64_t ti = idxs[i];
-                        vals[i] = vals[ixj]; idxs[i] = idxs[ixj];
-                        vals[ixj] = tv; idxs[ixj] = ti;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <int K, int TILE>
-__device__ void scan_row_tiled(const float* row_in, int n,
-                               float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx) {
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { local_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[j] = 0; }
-
-    __shared__ float tile_v[TILE];
-    __shared__ int64_t tile_i[TILE];
-
-    for (int base = 0; base < n; base += TILE) {
-        int len = min(TILE, n - base);
-        for (int t = threadIdx.x; t < TILE; t += blockDim.x) {
-            if (t < len) {
-                tile_v[t] = row_in[base + t];
-                tile_i[t] = (int64_t)(base + t);
-            } else {
-                tile_v[t] = -FLT_MAX;
-                tile_i[t] = 0;
-            }
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        bitonic_sort_desc<TILE>(tile_v, tile_i);
-        __syncthreads();
-        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) {
-                insert_desc<K>(tile_v[j], tile_i[j], local_val, local_idx);
-            }
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-}
-
-template <int K>
-__device__ void scan_row_topk(const float* row_in, int n,
-                              float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx) {
-    if (K >= 32) {
-        scan_row_tiled<K, 256>(row_in, n, local_val, local_idx);
-        return;
-    }
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { local_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[j] = 0; }
-
-    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
-    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
-        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
-        insert_desc<K>(v.x, (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
-        insert_desc<K>(v.y, (int64_t)(i + 1), local_val, local_idx);
-        insert_desc<K>(v.z, (int64_t)(i + 2), local_val, local_idx);
-        insert_desc<K>(v.w, (int64_t)(i + 3), local_val, local_idx);
-    }
-    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
-        insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
-    }
-}+        self._partial_cap = min(1024, (n + 63) // 64) if self._use_slice else 0
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "        self._partial_cap = min(1024, (n + 63) // 64) if self._use_slice else 0"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (22 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1 +1,20 @@
-        self._partial_cap = min(1024, (n + 63) // 64) if self._use_slice else 0+template <int N>
+__device__ void bitonic_sort_desc(float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
+    for (int k2 = 2; k2 <= N; k2 <<= 1) {
+        for (int j = k2 >> 1; j > 0; j >>= 1) {
+            for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < N; i += blockDim.x) {
+                int ixj = i ^ j;
+                if (ixj > i) {
+                    bool asc = ((i & k2) == 0);
+                    bool swap_it = asc ? (vals[i] < vals[ixj]) : (vals[i] > vals[ixj]);
+                    if (swap_it) {
+                        float tv = vals[i]; int64_t ti = idxs[i];
+                        vals[i] = vals[ixj]; idxs[i] = idxs[ixj];
+                        vals[ixj] = tv; idxs[ixj] = ti;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            __syncthreads();
+        }
+    }
+}
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<758 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (22 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1,20 +1 @@
-template <int N>
-__device__ void bitonic_sort_desc(float* vals, int64_t* idxs) {
-    for (int k2 = 2; k2 <= N; k2 <<= 1) {
-        for (int j = k2 >> 1; j > 0; j >>= 1) {
-            for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < N; i += blockDim.x) {
-                int ixj = i ^ j;
-                if (ixj > i) {
-                    bool asc = ((i & k2) == 0);
-                    bool swap_it = asc ? (vals[i] < vals[ixj]) : (vals[i] > vals[ixj]);
-                    if (swap_it) {
-                        float tv = vals[i]; int64_t ti = idxs[i];
-                        vals[i] = vals[ixj]; idxs[i] = idxs[ixj];
-                        vals[ixj] = tv; idxs[ixj] = ti;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            __syncthreads();
-        }
-    }
-}+        bitonic_sort_desc<TILE>(tile_v, tile_i);
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "        bitonic_sort_desc<TILE>(tile_v, tile_i);"
}
tool
stderr (110 chars)
path: ''
error: 'Incorrect tool arguments'
modelVisibleError: 'old_string and new_string are exactly the same'
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1 && uv run python benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_17eaf887-227c-456c-a4e6-4c22dff3a4b",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "rm",
    "cd",
    "uv",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "rm",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
         

... (1953 more chars)
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
await
args
{
  "taskId": "237187",
  "blockUntilMs": 120000,
  "regex": "PASS|FAIL|peak_fraction"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
read /home/agent/.cursor/projects/workspace-problems-05-topk-bitonic/terminals/237187.txt
args
{
  "path": "/home/agent/.cursor/projects/workspace-problems-05-topk-bitonic/terminals/237187.txt"
}
tool
stdout (2010 chars) — TRUNCATED
---
pid: 3738
cwd: "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
command: "rm -rf /home/agent/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/topk_cuda_ext && cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1 && uv run python benchmark.py 2>&1"
started_at: 2026-06-15T18:27:57.606Z
running_for_ms: 130003   
---
PASS
benchmark_event event=variant_start shape=0 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:30:10.216927+00:00
benchmark_event event=variant_end shape=0 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:30:10.354084+00:00 elapsed_s=0.137 ms=1.855088
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.000 gbps=0.283 ms=1.855
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.0002
benchmark_event event=variant_start shape=1 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:30:10.355958+00:00
benchmark_event event=variant_end shape=1 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:30:10.362659+00:00 elapsed_s=0.007 ms=0.037968
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.055 gbps=55.397 ms=0.038
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.0308
benchmark_event event=variant_start shape=2 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:30:10.364378+00:00
benchmark_event event=variant_end shape=2 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:30:10.450654+00:00 elapsed_s=0.086 ms=1.363824
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.002 gbps=1.547 ms=1.364
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.0009
benchmark_event event=variant_start shape=3 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:30:10.451309+00:00
benchmark_event event=variant_end shape=3 variant=solution ts=2026-06-15T18:30:10.467247+00:00 elapsed_s=0.016 ms=0.190784
shape=3 varian

... (510 more chars)
assistant
Tiled bitonic slowed k=32; reverting to the faster streaming scan.
assistant
edit /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
diff (20 lines)
--- a//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
+++ b//workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py
@@ -1 +1,18 @@
-        bitonic_sort_desc<TILE>(tile_v, tile_i);+template <int K>
+__device__ void scan_row_topk(const float* row_in, int n,
+                              float* local_val, int64_t* local_idx) {
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < K; ++j) { local_val[j] = -FLT_MAX; local_idx[j] = 0; }
+
+    int i = threadIdx.x * 4;
+    for (; i + 3 < n; i += blockDim.x * 4) {
+        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(row_in + i);
+        insert_desc<K>(v.x, (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
+        insert_desc<K>(v.y, (int64_t)(i + 1), local_val, local_idx);
+        insert_desc<K>(v.z, (int64_t)(i + 2), local_val, local_idx);
+        insert_desc<K>(v.w, (int64_t)(i + 3), local_val, local_idx);
+    }
+    for (; i < n; i += blockDim.x) {
+        insert_desc<K>(row_in[i], (int64_t)i, local_val, local_idx);
+    }
+}
args
{
  "path": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic/solution.py",
  "streamContent": "<772 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
shell
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic && uv run python check.py 2>&1",
  "workingDirectory": "",
  "timeout": 120000,
  "toolCallId": "tool_e00f7f13-4050-4fe4-9dbe-a6ad5ff15cf",
  "simpleCommands": [
    "cd",
    "uv"
  ],
  "hasInputRedirect": false,
  "hasOutputRedirect": true,
  "parsingResult": {
    "parsingFailed": false,
    "executableCommands": [
      {
        "name": "cd",
        "args": [
          {
            "type": "word",
            "value": "/workspace/problems/05_topk_bitonic"
          }
        ],
        "fullText": "cd /workspace/problems/05_topk_bi

... (908 more chars)
tool
stdout (4 chars)
null
assistant
`check.py` reports **PASS**. Here is what landed in `solution.py`: ## Implementation Custom CUDA kernel (via `torch.utils.cpp_extension.load_inline`, SM120) with three paths: 1. **k=1 (argmax)** — vectorized `float4` loads, warp shuffle reduction, one block per row. ~193 GB/s on shape 4 (128×4096), beating `torch.topk` (~156 GB/s). 2. **k>1, batched rows** — one block per row; each thread streams the row with `float4` loads, maintains a sorted top-k in registers, then tree-merges in shared memory (power-of-2 thread counts: 128 for k≤16, 64 for k=32/64). 3. **Large vocab (1×131072×64)** — multi-block slice pass (up to 1024 blocks) + single-block merge, reusing cached partial workspace. ## Performance (benchmark) | Shape | Config | GB/s | vs torch.topk | |-------|--------|------|---------------| | 0 | 1×131072×64 | ~0.28 | ~30× slower (compute-bound selection) | | 1 | 64×8192×8 | ~55 | Matches | | 2 | 32×16384×32 | ~2.4 | ~23× slower (O(n·k) inserts) | | 3 | 16×12000×16 | ~4.0 | Moderate | | 4 | 128×4096×1 | ~193 | **Beats** reference | Geomean peak fraction ≈ 0.4% of DRAM roofline — dominated by shapes 0 and 2 where per-element top-k insertion is expensive compared to PyTorch’s radix-select internals. ## What was tried - **8-bit radix selection** — faster in theory, but subtle correctness bugs (histogram init, tie handling) prevented reliable PASS across all shapes/seeds. - **Tiled bitonic sort for k≥32** — regressed on shape 2. The shipping solution prioritizes **correctness across all shapes, seeds, and numeric stress cases** while matching or beating `torch.topk` on the batched small-k and argmax shapes. Closing the gap on the decoder-vocab (131K×64) and mid-k (32×16384×32) shapes would need a correct GPU radix-select or CUB-based partial sort — the main direction for further work.