./kernelbenchhardv3runsopencode · ?
opencode / ? session: ses_1fe4f93d5ffeOg0Bxem9UF6G0e cwd: ?
harness
opencode
model
?
turns
165
tools called
80
events
241
input toks
52,148
output toks
32,634
cache hit
7,308,160
solution.py
final answer
benchmark.log
check.log
result.json
"""Multi-axis RoPE pre-attention prep fused kernel (Triton).

Fuses gather + per-axis mixing + rotate-half + transpose into a single
kernel with direct (B, H, T, D) output.

Key optimization:
- Group by (batch, time): one program loads all 6 cos/sin rows once and
  processes ALL heads at that (b,t). Eliminates H_total-way redundant
  cos/sin cache reads — the main bandwidth bottleneck.
- Process head_dim in two halves to avoid double-loading q/k.
- All rotation ops are element-local, no cross-thread communication.
"""
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import triton
import triton.language as tl

OP_TYPE = "rope"
SUPPORTED_PRECISIONS = ["bf16"]
HARDWARE_REQUIRED = ["RTX_PRO_6000"]


@triton.jit
def _mrope_kernel(
    q_ptr, k_ptr, out_q_ptr, out_k_ptr,
    cos_cache_ptr, sin_cache_ptr,
    pos_t_ptr, pos_h_ptr, pos_w_ptr,
    stride_q_b, stride_q_t, stride_q_h,
    stride_k_b, stride_k_t, stride_k_h,
    stride_out_q_b, stride_out_q_h, stride_out_q_t,
    stride_out_k_b, stride_out_k_h, stride_out_k_t,
    B, T, D,
    s0, s1, s2,
    half_D: tl.constexpr,
    Hq_: tl.constexpr,
    Hkv_: tl.constexpr,
):
    b = tl.program_id(0)
    t = tl.program_id(1)

    # --- Load position IDs once per (b, t) ---
    pos_offs = b * T + t
    pt = tl.load(pos_t_ptr + pos_offs)
    ph = tl.load(pos_h_ptr + pos_offs)
    pw = tl.load(pos_w_ptr + pos_offs)

    d_offs = tl.arange(0, half_D)

    # --- Load all 6 cos/sin rows once (shared across all heads) ---
    cos_t = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pt * D + d_offs)
    sin_t = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pt * D + d_offs)
    cos_h = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + ph * D + d_offs)
    sin_h = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + ph * D + d_offs)
    cos_w = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs)
    sin_w = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs)

    cos_t_2 = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pt * D + d_offs + half_D)
    sin_t_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pt * D + d_offs + half_D)
    cos_h_2 = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + ph * D + d_offs + half_D)
    sin_h_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + ph * D + d_offs + half_D)
    cos_w_2 = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs + half_D)
    sin_w_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs + half_D)

    # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
    is_t = d_offs < s0
    is_h = (d_offs >= s0) & (d_offs < s0 + s1)
    cos_first = tl.where(is_t, cos_t, tl.where(is_h, cos_h, cos_w))
    sin_first = tl.where(is_t, sin_t, tl.where(is_h, sin_h, sin_w))
    cos_second = tl.where(is_t, cos_t_2, tl.where(is_h, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
    sin_second = tl.where(is_t, sin_t_2, tl.where(is_h, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))

    # --- Process all q heads ---
    for h in range(Hq_):
        base_x = b * stride_q_b + t * stride_q_t + h * stride_q_h
        x_first = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
        x_second = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)

        out_first = x_first * cos_first + (-x_second) * sin_first
        out_second = x_second * cos_second + x_first * sin_second

        base_out = b * stride_out_q_b + h * stride_out_q_h + t * stride_out_q_t
        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)

    # --- Process all k heads ---
    for h in range(Hkv_):
        base_x = b * stride_k_b + t * stride_k_t + h * stride_k_h
        x_first = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
        x_second = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)

        out_first = x_first * cos_first + (-x_second) * sin_first
        out_second = x_second * cos_second + x_first * sin_second

        base_out = b * stride_out_k_b + h * stride_out_k_h + t * stride_out_k_t
        tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
        tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)


class Model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, B: int, T: int, Hq: int, Hkv: int, D: int,
                 mrope_section: tuple[int, int, int], max_pos: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.B, self.T = B, T
        self.Hq, self.Hkv = Hq, Hkv
        self.D = D
        self.mrope_section = tuple(mrope_section)
        self.max_pos = max_pos

        inv_freq = 1.0 / (10000.0 ** (torch.arange(0, D, 2, dtype=torch.float32) / D))
        pos = torch.arange(max_pos, dtype=torch.float32)
        freqs = torch.outer(pos, inv_freq)
        emb = torch.cat([freqs, freqs], dim=-1)
        self.register_buffer("cos_cache", emb.cos().to(torch.bfloat16))
        self.register_buffer("sin_cache", emb.sin().to(torch.bfloat16))

    def forward(
        self,
        q: torch.Tensor, k: torch.Tensor,
        pos_t: torch.Tensor, pos_h: torch.Tensor, pos_w: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        B, T, Hq, D = q.shape
        _, _, Hkv, _ = k.shape

        out_q = torch.empty(B, Hq, T, D, dtype=q.dtype, device=q.device)
        out_k = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=k.dtype, device=k.device)

        s0, s1, s2 = self.mrope_section
        half_D = D // 2

        grid = (B, T)
        _mrope_kernel[grid](
            q, k, out_q, out_k,
            self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
            pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
            q.stride(0), q.stride(1), q.stride(2),
            k.stride(0), k.stride(1), k.stride(2),
            out_q.stride(0), out_q.stride(1), out_q.stride(2),
            out_k.stride(0), out_k.stride(1), out_k.stride(2),
            B, T, D,
            s0, s1, s2,
            half_D=half_D,
            Hq_=Hq, Hkv_=Hkv,
            num_warps=2,
        )

        return out_q, out_k


# Module-level shape shims (overwritten per-shape by check.py / benchmark.py).
B = 1
T = 4096
Hq = 32
Hkv = 8
D = 128
MROPE_SECTION = (16, 24, 24)
MAX_POS = 32768


def get_inputs():
    q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16) * 0.5
    k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16) * 0.5
    pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
    pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
    pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
    return [q, k, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w]


def get_init_inputs():
    return [B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS]
Done. Here's the final result: **Performance summary** | Shape | Solution (GB/s) | Compiled Ref (GB/s) | Speedup | |-------|-----------------|---------------------|---------| | B=1 T=4096 Hq=32 Hkv=8 D=128 | 1,082 | 811 | 1.33× | | B=1 T=8192 Hq=28 Hkv=4 D=128 | 1,165 | 768 | 1.52× | | B=2 T=2048 Hq=16 Hkv=2 D=64 | 709 | 353 | 2.01× | | B=1 T=16384 Hq=32 Hkv=8 D=128 | 1,259 | 697 | 1.81× | **Peak fraction**: 0.5721 (geomean across 4 shapes) **Framework**: Triton **Key optimizations**: 1. **Group by (batch, time)** — one kernel program per `(b, t)` loads all 6 cos/sin rows once, then iterates over all heads. Eliminated H_total-way redundant cos/sin cache reads (the main bandwidth bottleneck) 2. **Process head_dim in halves** — each thread loads one element from each half of D, making rotate_half element-local with zero cross-thread communication and zero double-loading of q/k 3. **Combined q/k grid** — single kernel launch handles all query and key heads via a `tl.where` branch (uniform within warps)
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.200 gbps=286.991 ms=0.315
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.569 gbps=817.006 ms=0.110
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.755 gbps=1083.796 ms=0.083
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.6021
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.192 gbps=280.178 ms=0.525
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.531 gbps=776.022 ms=0.189
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.798 gbps=1165.461 ms=0.126
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.6475
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.097 gbps=151.529 ms=0.146
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.229 gbps=357.302 ms=0.062
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.467 gbps=729.884 ms=0.030
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.4055
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.175 gbps=251.372 ms=1.437
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.486 gbps=697.434 ms=0.518
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.879 gbps=1261.470 ms=0.286
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.7008
peak_fraction: 0.5769
RESULT: OK
PASS
{
    "problem": "09_fmha_preattn_mrope",
    "harness": "opencode",
    "model": "deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash",
    "reasoning_effort": "",
    "has_solution": true,
    "correct": true,
    "peak_fraction": 0.5769,
    "elapsed_seconds": 2160,
    "harness_exit_code": 0,
    "session_complete": true,
    "usage": {"input_tokens": 52148, "output_tokens": 32634, "cache_read_tokens": 7308160, "cache_creation_tokens": 0, "reasoning_tokens": 83989, "total_cost_usd": null}
}

timeline (241 events)

assistant
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{
  "todos": [
    {
      "content": "Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml",
      "status": "in_progress",
      "priority": "high"
    },
    {
      "content": "Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep",
      "status": "pending",
      "priority": "high"
    },
    {
      "content": "Check correctness with python check.py",
      "status": "pending",
      "priority": "high"
    },
    {
      "content": "Profile and optimize iteratively",
      "status": "pending",
      "priority": "high"
    },
    {
      "content": "Benchmark and finalize",

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tool
stdout (449 chars)
content: 'Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml'
status: 'in_progress'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Check correctness with python check.py'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Profile and optimize iteratively'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Benchmark and finalize'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
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{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
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<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope</path>
<type>directory</type>
<entries>
benchmark.py
check.py
problem.yaml
PROMPT.txt
reference.py
shapes.py
sota.py

(7 entries)
</entries>
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  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/reference.py"
}
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<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/reference.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Naive multi-axis RoPE pre-attention reference (correctness only).
2: 
3: Mirrors the Qwen2-VL apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb semantics: three position
4: axes (temporal, height, width), each contributing a slice of the head_dim via
5: mrope_section. Standard rotate-half on q and k once per-axis cos/sin have been
6: mixed.
7: 
8: Layout convention:
9:   q: (B, T, Hq, D)   bf16
10:   k: (B, T, Hkv, D)  bf16
11:   pos_t, pos_h, pos_w: (B, T) int64
12: 
13: Output: q_rot, k_rot in (B, H, T, D) — i.e. the layout an attention kernel
14: expects (head dim second). The transpose is part of the "pre-attention prep".
15: """
16: import torch
17: import torch.nn as nn
18: 
19: OP_TYPE = "rope"
20: SUPPORTED_PRECISIONS = ["bf16"]
21: HARDWARE_REQUIRED = ["RTX_PRO_6000"]
22: 
23: 
24: def _build_inv_freq(D: int, base: float = 10000.0) -> torch.Tensor:
25:     return 1.0 / (base ** (torch.arange(0, D, 2, dtype=torch.float32) / D))
26: 
27: 
28: def _rotate_half(x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
29:     half = x.shape[-1] // 2
30:     return torch.cat((-x[..., half:], x[..., :half]), dim=-1)
31: 
32: 
33: class Model(nn.Module):
34:     def __init__(self, B: int, T: int, Hq: int, Hkv: int, D: int,
35:                  mrope_section: tuple[int, int, int], max_pos: int):
36:         super().__init__()
37:         assert sum(mrope_section) == D // 2, \
38:          

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}
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read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py
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{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py"
}
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<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Correctness runner for multi-axis RoPE pre-attention prep.
2: 
3: Runs solution.Model vs reference.Model across all shapes in shapes.py, 3 seeds
4: each, with per-dtype atol/rtol. Also rejects forbidden ops by grep.
5: """
6: import re
7: import sys
8: from pathlib import Path
9: 
10: import torch
11: import yaml
12: 
13: # Make the repo's src/ importable
14: REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
15: sys.path.insert(0, str(REPO_ROOT))
16: 
17: from src.eval.correctness import check_correctness  # noqa: E402
18: 
19: 
20: def main():
21:     try:
22:         import reference
23:         import shapes
24:         import solution
25:     except Exception as e:
26:         print(f"FAIL: import error: {e}")
27:         sys.exit(1)
28: 
29:     problem_yaml = Path("problem.yaml")
30:     meta = yaml.safe_load(problem_yaml.read_text()) if problem_yaml.exists() else {}
31: 
32:     # --- Forbidden-op check ------------------------------------------------
33:     sol_src = Path("solution.py").read_text() if Path("solution.py").exists() else ""
34:     for forbidden in meta.get("forbidden", []):
35:         pat = re.escape(forbidden)
36:         if re.search(pat, sol_src):
37:             print(f"FAIL: forbidden op used: {forbidden}")
38:             sys.exit(1)
39: 
40:     device = torch.device("cuda:0")
41:     tol_override = meta.get("tolerance") or

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{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/shapes.py"
}
tool
stdout (1187 chars)
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/shapes.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Canonical shape sweep for multi-axis RoPE pre-attention.
2: 
3: Sized for Qwen2-VL-style vision-language inference: long T, GQA, mrope_section
4: splitting D/2 across temporal/height/width axes. Mix of base, long-context,
5: small-head-dim, and very-long-context.
6: """
7: 
8: SHAPES = [
9:     # Qwen2-VL base: T=4k, head_dim=128, GQA 32:8, mrope [16,24,24]
10:     {"B": 1, "T": 4096,  "Hq": 32, "Hkv": 8, "D": 128,
11:      "mrope_section": (16, 24, 24), "max_pos": 32768},
12: 
13:     # Qwen2-VL 7B-style long context, narrower kv heads
14:     {"B": 1, "T": 8192,  "Hq": 28, "Hkv": 4, "D": 128,
15:      "mrope_section": (16, 24, 24), "max_pos": 32768},
16: 
17:     # Smaller head_dim and B=2 (tests batch dim and reduced D)
18:     {"B": 2, "T": 2048,  "Hq": 16, "Hkv": 2, "D": 64,
19:      "mrope_section": (8, 12, 12), "max_pos": 16384},
20: 
21:     # Very long context (16k tokens)
22:     {"B": 1, "T": 16384, "Hq": 32, "Hkv": 8, "D": 128,
23:      "mrope_section": (16, 24, 24), "max_pos": 65536},
24: ]

(End of file - total 24 lines)
</content>
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<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/benchmark.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Roofline benchmark for multi-axis RoPE pre-attention prep.
2: 
3: For each shape: times eager reference, compiled reference, SOTA (if available),
4: and the agent's solution. Reports achieved TFLOPS, GB/s, and peak_fraction.
5: 
6: Output lines the harness picks up:
7:   shape=<idx> variant=<name> tflops=<N> gbps=<N> ms=<N>
8:   peak_fraction: <N>  (geomean over shapes of solution's peak_fraction)
9: """
10: import sys
11: from math import exp, log
12: from pathlib import Path
13: 
14: import torch
15: import yaml
16: 
17: REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
18: sys.path.insert(0, str(REPO_ROOT))
19: 
20: from src.eval.roofline import compute_gbps, compute_tflops, peak_fraction  # noqa: E402
21: from src.eval.timing import time_fn  # noqa: E402
22: from src.hardware import get as get_hw  # noqa: E402
23: 
24: 
25: def _eval_formula(expr: str, vars: dict) -> float:
26:     # Very small eval: only names from `vars` are valid.
27:     return float(eval(expr, {"__builtins__": {}}, vars))
28: 
29: 
30: def main():
31:     import reference
32:     import shapes
33:     import solution
34: 
35:     meta = yaml.safe_load(Path("problem.yaml").read_text())
36:     hw = get_hw(meta["hardware"][0])
37:     peak_tflops = hw.peak_tflops_dense.get(meta["peak_tflops_key"], 0.0)
38:     peak_gbps = hw.peak_bandwidth_gb_s
39:     regime = meta.get("regime

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{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/problem.yaml"
}
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<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/problem.yaml</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: name: 09_fmha_preattn_mrope
2: display_name: "Multi-axis RoPE Pre-attention Prep"
3: precision: bf16
4: regime: memory  # pointwise rotation + cache gather; bandwidth-bound
5: 
6: # FLOPs per call: rotate-half on q and k.
7: # Per element: out = a*cos + b*sin -> 3 flops/elem (1 mul + 1 mul + 1 add).
8: # We do this on q ((B*T*Hq*D) elems) and k ((B*T*Hkv*D) elems).
9: flops_formula: "3 * B * T * (Hq + Hkv) * D"
10: 
11: # Bytes moved (lower bound):
12: #   read q, k:                  2 * B*T*(Hq+Hkv)*D
13: #   read 3 position id arrays:  3 * B*T*8        (int64)
14: #   read cos/sin from cache:    6 * B*T*D*2      (3 axes, 2 caches, bf16)
15: #   write q_rot, k_rot:         2 * B*T*(Hq+Hkv)*D
16: bytes_formula: "4 * B * T * (Hq + Hkv) * D + 12 * B * T * D + 24 * B * T"
17: 
18: hardware: [RTX_PRO_6000]
19: peak_tflops_key: bf16    # informational; regime=memory uses bandwidth
20: peak_bandwidth_key: dram
21: 
22: tolerance:
23:   bfloat16: 0.02
24: 
25: # Forbidden ops -- agent must implement the gather + per-axis mix + rotation.
26: # Banning vendor mRoPE entry points and obvious shortcuts.
27: forbidden:
28:   - "transformers.models.qwen2_vl.modeling_qwen2_vl.apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb"
29:   - "apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb"
30:   - "flash_attn.layers.rotary"
31:   - "flashinfer.rope"
32:   - "flashinfer.apply_rope"
33: 
34: sota:
35:   name:

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{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/sota.py"
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tool
stdout (1995 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/sota.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """SOTA reference for multi-axis RoPE pre-attention.
2: 
3: Wraps transformers' apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb. The full pipeline (gather
4: per-axis cos/sin from cache, then call the vendor rotation) is timed, matching
5: what the reference and the agent solution do.
6: 
7: If transformers isn't installed or the impl signature has drifted, returns
8: is_available()=False and the benchmark omits the SOTA line.
9: """
10: from __future__ import annotations
11: 
12: import torch
13: 
14: 
15: def _try_transformers():
16:     try:
17:         from transformers.models.qwen2_vl.modeling_qwen2_vl import (
18:             apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb as _impl,
19:         )
20:         return _impl
21:     except Exception:
22:         return None
23: 
24: 
25: def sota_forward(
26:     q: torch.Tensor, k: torch.Tensor,
27:     pos_t: torch.Tensor, pos_h: torch.Tensor, pos_w: torch.Tensor,
28:     cos_cache: torch.Tensor, sin_cache: torch.Tensor,
29:     mrope_section: tuple[int, int, int],
30: ):
31:     """q,k: (B, T, H, D); pos_*: (B, T); cos_cache,sin_cache: (max_pos, D)."""
32:     impl = _try_transformers()
33:     if impl is None:
34:         raise RuntimeError("transformers not available for SOTA")
35: 
36:     # Gather per-axis cos/sin and stack into (3, B, T, D) as transformers expects.
37:     cos = torch.stack([cos_cache[pos_t], cos_cache[pos_h], c

... (495 more chars)
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/correctness.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/correctness.py"
}
tool
stdout (4080 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/correctness.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Per-dtype correctness tolerance.
2: 
3: Stanford's KernelBench uses 1e-4 atol/rtol for fp32 and 1e-2 for fp16/bf16.
4: We extend to fp8 (0.1, permissive) and int (exact).
5: """
6: from __future__ import annotations
7: 
8: import torch
9: 
10: DEFAULT_TOLERANCE = {
11:     torch.float32: {"atol": 1e-4, "rtol": 1e-4},
12:     torch.float16: {"atol": 1e-2, "rtol": 1e-2},
13:     torch.bfloat16: {"atol": 1e-2, "rtol": 1e-2},
14:     torch.float8_e4m3fn: {"atol": 1e-1, "rtol": 1e-1},
15:     torch.float8_e5m2: {"atol": 1e-1, "rtol": 1e-1},
16:     torch.int8: {"atol": 0, "rtol": 0},
17:     torch.int32: {"atol": 0, "rtol": 0},
18:     torch.int64: {"atol": 0, "rtol": 0},
19: }
20: 
21: 
22: def _coerce_float(x):
23:     """Accept int/float/str scientific-notation as float; pass through dicts."""
24:     if isinstance(x, (int, float)):
25:         return float(x)
26:     if isinstance(x, str):
27:         try:
28:             return float(x)
29:         except ValueError:
30:             return x
31:     return x
32: 
33: 
34: def tolerance_for_dtype(dtype: torch.dtype, override: dict | None = None) -> dict:
35:     """Lookup atol/rtol for a given dtype, with optional per-problem override.
36: 
37:     The override dict is keyed by str(dtype). Values may be:
38:       - a single number (or a string parseable as float, e.g. "5e-2") -> used
39:         as both atol and rtol
4

... (2580 more chars)
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in 3776out 174cache_r 19968cache_w 0
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read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware.py"
}
assistant
in 2666out 61cache_r 23936cache_w 0
assistant
glob /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src
args
{
  "pattern": "**/hardware.py",
  "path": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src"
}
tool
stdout (14 chars)
No files found
assistant
glob /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src
args
{
  "pattern": "**/hardware/**",
  "path": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src"
}
tool
stdout (722 chars)
/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/__pycache__/rtx_pro_6000.cpython-312.pyc
/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/__pycache__/m4_max.cpython-312.pyc
/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/__pycache__/rtx_pro_6000.cpython-311.pyc
/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-311.pyc
/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/__pycache__/m4_max.cpython-311.pyc
/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/__init__.py
/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/m4_max.py
/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/rtx_pro_6000.py
assistant
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read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/rtx_pro_6000.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/rtx_pro_6000.py"
}
tool
stdout (1170 chars)
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/rtx_pro_6000.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Workstation — SM120, consumer-lineage Blackwell.
2: 
3: Peak tensor-core throughputs are dense-matrix advertised peaks. Actual kernels
4: will see 60-85% of peak on well-tuned code.
5: """
6: from dataclasses import dataclass
7: 
8: 
9: @dataclass(frozen=True)
10: class HardwareTarget:
11:     name: str
12:     sm: str
13:     vram_gb: int
14:     peak_bandwidth_gb_s: float  # DRAM
15:     peak_tflops_dense: dict[str, float]  # dtype -> TFLOPS
16: 
17: 
18: RTX_PRO_6000 = HardwareTarget(
19:     name="RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Workstation",
20:     sm="sm_120a",
21:     vram_gb=96,
22:     peak_bandwidth_gb_s=1800.0,
23:     peak_tflops_dense={
24:         "fp4": 800.0,
25:         "nvfp4": 800.0,
26:         "mxfp4": 800.0,
27:         "fp6": 800.0,
28:         "fp8": 400.0,
29:         "bf16": 200.0,
30:         "fp16": 200.0,
31:         "tf32": 100.0,
32:         "fp32": 12.0,  # non-tensor-core SIMT fp32
33:         "int8": 400.0,
34:         "int4": 800.0,
35:     },
36: )

(End of file - total 36 lines)
</content>
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bash
args
{
  "command": "nvidia-smi && uv run python --version && uv run python -c \"import triton; print(f'Triton {triton.__version__}')\" 2>&1 | head -20",
  "description": "Check GPU, Python, Triton availability"
}
tool
stdout (1809 chars) — TRUNCATED
Thu May  7 03:13:21 2026       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 595.58.03              Driver Version: 595.58.03      CUDA Version: 13.2     |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blac...    On  |   00000000:01:00.0 Off |                  Off |
| 30%   26C    P8              6W /  600W |     271MiB /  97887MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU   GI   CI              PID   Type   Process name                        GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                               Usage      |
|======================================================================================

... (309 more chars)
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run python -c \"import torch; print(f'CUDA {torch.version.cuda}, Torch {torch.__version__}, SM: {torch.cuda.get_device_capability()}')\" 2>&1",
  "description": "Check torch and CUDA version"
}
tool
stdout (43 chars)
CUDA 13.0, Torch 2.11.0+cu130, SM: (12, 0)
assistant
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assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "<316 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Check Triton API signatures"
}
command (316 chars)
uv run python -c "
import triton.language as tl
import inspect
# Check cat signature
try:
    sig = inspect.signature(tl.cat)
    print(f'tl.cat: {sig}')
except:
    print('no signature')
# Check reshape
try:
    sig = inspect.signature(tl.reshape)
    print(f'tl.reshape: {sig}')
except:
    print('no signature')
"
tool
stdout (138 chars)
tl.cat: (input, other, can_reorder=False, _semantic=None)
tl.reshape: (input, *shape, can_reorder=False, _semantic=None, _generator=None)
assistant
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assistant
todowrite
args
{
  "todos": [
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep",
      "status": "in_progress"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Check correctness with python check.py",
      "status": "pending"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Profile and optimize iteratively",
      "status": "pending"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content

... (66 more chars)
tool
stdout (451 chars)
content: 'Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep'
status: 'in_progress'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Check correctness with python check.py'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Profile and optimize iteratively'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Benchmark and finalize'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
assistant
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assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (153 lines)
--- /dev/null
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+"""Multi-axis RoPE pre-attention prep fused kernel (Triton).
+
+Fuses gather + per-axis mixing + rotate-half + transpose into a single
+read of q/k with direct (B, H, T, D) output.
+"""
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+import triton
+import triton.language as tl
+
+OP_TYPE = "rope"
+SUPPORTED_PRECISIONS = ["bf16"]
+HARDWARE_REQUIRED = ["RTX_PRO_6000"]
+
+
+@triton.jit
+def _mrope_kernel(
+    x_ptr, out_ptr,
+    cos_cache_ptr, sin_cache_ptr,
+    pos_t_ptr, pos_h_ptr, pos_w_ptr,
+    stride_x_b, stride_x_t, stride_x_h,
+    stride_out_b, stride_out_h, stride_out_t,
+    B, T, H, D,
+    s0, s1, s2,
+    half_D: tl.constexpr,
+    BLOCK_D: tl.constexpr,
+):
+    b = tl.program_id(0)
+    h = tl.program_id(1)
+    t = tl.program_id(2)
+
+    # Load position IDs for this (b, t) — (B, T) int64 layout
+    pos_offs = b * T + t
+    pt = tl.load(pos_t_ptr + pos_offs)
+    ph = tl.load(pos_h_ptr + pos_offs)
+    pw = tl.load(pos_w_ptr + pos_offs)
+
+    d_offs = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_D)
+    mask = d_offs < D
+
+    # Load x[b, t, h, :]
+    x_offs = b * stride_x_b + t * stride_x_t + h * stride_x_h + d_offs
+    x = tl.load(x_ptr + x_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
+
+    # Determine which position axis each d uses
+    d_mod = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, d_offs, d_offs - half_D)
+    pos = tl.where(d_mod < s0, pt, tl.where(d_mod < s0 + s1, ph, pw))
+
+    # Load cos and sin from cache (max_pos, D) bf16, indexed by pos and d
+    cos_offs = pos * D + d_offs
+    cos = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + cos_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
+    sin = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + cos_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
+
+    # rotate_half(x) = cat(-x[half:], x[:half])
+    x_2d = tl.reshape(x, 2, half_D)
+    first = x_2d[0, :]
+    second = x_2d[1, :]
+    rotated = tl.cat(-second, first)
+
+    out = x * cos + rotated * sin
+
+    # Write output in (B, H, T, D) layout
+    out_offs = b * stride_out_b + h * stride_out_h + t * stride_out_t + d_offs
+    tl.store(out_ptr + out_offs, out, mask=mask)
+
+
+class Model(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, B: int, T: int, Hq: int, Hkv: int, D: int,
+                 mrope_section: tuple[int, int, int], max_pos: int):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.B, self.T = B, T
+        self.Hq, self.Hkv = Hq, Hkv
+        self.D = D
+        self.mrope_section = tuple(mrope_section)
+        self.max_pos = max_pos
+
+        inv_freq = 1.0 / (10000.0 ** (torch.arange(0, D, 2, dtype=torch.float32) / D))
+        pos = torch.arange(max_pos, dtype=torch.float32)
+        freqs = torch.outer(pos, inv_freq)
+        emb = torch.cat([freqs, freqs], dim=-1)
+        self.register_buffer("cos_cache", emb.cos().to(torch.bfloat16))
+        self.register_buffer("sin_cache", emb.sin().to(torch.bfloat16))
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        q: torch.Tensor, k: torch.Tensor,
+        pos_t: torch.Tensor, pos_h: torch.Tensor, pos_w: torch.Tensor,
+    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
+        B, T, Hq, D = q.shape
+        _, _, Hkv, _ = k.shape
+
+        out_q = torch.empty(B, Hq, T, D, dtype=q.dtype, device=q.device)
+        out_k = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=k.dtype, device=k.device)
+
+        s0, s1, s2 = self.mrope_section
+        half_D = D // 2
+
+        BLOCK_D = D
+        num_warps = 4 if D == 128 else 2
+
+        grid_q = (B, Hq, T)
+        _mrope_kernel[grid_q](
+            q, out_q,
+            self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
+            pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
+            q.stride(0), q.stride(1), q.stride(2),
+            out_q.stride(0), out_q.stride(1), out_q.stride(2),
+            B, T, Hq, D,
+            s0, s1, s2,
+            half_D=half_D, BLOCK_D=BLOCK_D,
+            num_warps=num_warps,
+        )
+
+        grid_k = (B, Hkv, T)
+        _mrope_kernel[grid_k](
+            k, out_k,
+            self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
+            pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
+            k.stride(0), k.stride(1), k.stride(2),
+            out_k.stride(0), out_k.stride(1), out_k.stride(2),
+            B, T, Hkv, D,
+            s0, s1, s2,
+            half_D=half_D, BLOCK_D=BLOCK_D,
+            num_warps=num_warps,
+        )
+
+        return out_q, out_k
+
+
+# Module-level shape shims (overwritten per-shape by check.py / benchmark.py).
+B = 1
+T = 4096
+Hq = 32
+Hkv = 8
+D = 128
+MROPE_SECTION = (16, 24, 24)
+MAX_POS = 32768
+
+
+def get_inputs():
+    q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16) * 0.5
+    k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16) * 0.5
+    pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
+    pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
+    pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
+    return [q, k, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w]
+
+
+def get_init_inputs():
+    return [B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS]
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "content": "<4659 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
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assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run check.py 2>&1 | tail -30",
  "description": "Run correctness check on initial Triton kernel",
  "timeout": 120000
}
tool
stdout (2114 chars) — TRUNCATED
File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/triton/runtime/jit.py", line 370, in <lambda>
    return lambda *args, **kwargs: self.run(grid=grid, warmup=False, *args, **kwargs)
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/triton/runtime/jit.py", line 720, in run
    kernel = self._do_compile(key, signature, device, constexprs, options, attrs, warmup)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/triton/runtime/jit.py", line 849, in _do_compile
    kernel = self.compile(src, target=target, options=options.__dict__)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/triton/compiler/compiler.py", line 304, in compile
    module = src.make_ir(target, options, codegen_fns, module_map, context)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/triton/compiler/compiler.py", line 80, in make_ir
    return ast_to_ttir(self.fn, self, context=context, options=options, codegen_fns=codegen_fns,
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
triton.compiler.er

... (614 more chars)
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edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (17 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@
     sin = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + cos_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
 
     # rotate_half(x) = cat(-x[half:], x[:half])
-    x_2d = tl.reshape(x, 2, half_D)
-    first = x_2d[0, :]
-    second = x_2d[1, :]
-    rotated = tl.cat(-second, first)
+    # Load paired elements; x is already in L1 from the previous load
+    pair_offs = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, d_offs + half_D, d_offs - half_D)
+    x_pair = tl.load(x_ptr + b * stride_x_b + t * stride_x_t + h * stride_x_h + pair_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
+    rotated = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, -x_pair, x_pair)
 
     out = x * cos + rotated * sin
 
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "<202 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "newString": "<398 chars \u2014 see below>"
}
oldString (202 chars)
    # rotate_half(x) = cat(-x[half:], x[:half])
    x_2d = tl.reshape(x, 2, half_D)
    first = x_2d[0, :]
    second = x_2d[1, :]
    rotated = tl.cat(-second, first)

    out = x * cos + rotated * sin
newString (398 chars)
    # rotate_half(x) = cat(-x[half:], x[:half])
    # Load paired elements; x is already in L1 from the previous load
    pair_offs = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, d_offs + half_D, d_offs - half_D)
    x_pair = tl.load(x_ptr + b * stride_x_b + t * stride_x_t + h * stride_x_h + pair_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
    rotated = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, -x_pair, x_pair)

    out = x * cos + rotated * sin
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
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assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run check.py 2>&1 | tail -30",
  "description": "Check correctness after fixing rotate_half",
  "timeout": 120000
}
tool
stdout (5 chars)
PASS
assistant
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todowrite
args
{
  "todos": [
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Check correctness with python check.py",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Profile and optimize iteratively",
      "status": "in_progress"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "con

... (70 more chars)
tool
stdout (455 chars)
content: 'Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Check correctness with python check.py'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Profile and optimize iteratively'
status: 'in_progress'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Benchmark and finalize'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
assistant
in 33out 151cache_r 60160cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Run benchmark to see performance baseline",
  "timeout": 300000
}
tool
stdout (893 chars)
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.201 gbps=288.208 ms=0.313
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.559 gbps=802.595 ms=0.112
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.409 gbps=586.207 ms=0.154
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.3257
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.193 gbps=281.535 ms=0.522
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.530 gbps=773.930 ms=0.190
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.415 gbps=606.264 ms=0.242
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.3368
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.097 gbps=151.363 ms=0.146
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.222 gbps=346.466 ms=0.064
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.262 gbps=409.600 ms=0.054
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.2276
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.175 gbps=251.308 ms=1.437
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.485 gbps=695.671 ms=0.519
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.440 gbps=631.759 ms=0.572
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.3510
peak_fraction: 0.3059
RESULT: OK
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in 253out 115cache_r 60288cache_w 0
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write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (123 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 
 Fuses gather + per-axis mixing + rotate-half + transpose into a single
 read of q/k with direct (B, H, T, D) output.
+
+Optimization strategy:
+- Process halves separately to avoid double-loading q/k for rotate_half
+- Each thread handles one element from each half, all ops are element-local
+- Two kernel launches: one for q heads, one for k heads
 """
 import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
@@ -23,45 +28,35 @@
     B, T, H, D,
     s0, s1, s2,
     half_D: tl.constexpr,
-    BLOCK_D: tl.constexpr,
 ):
     b = tl.program_id(0)
     h = tl.program_id(1)
     t = tl.program_id(2)
 
-    # Load position IDs for this (b, t) — (B, T) int64 layout
     pos_offs = b * T + t
     pt = tl.load(pos_t_ptr + pos_offs)
     ph = tl.load(pos_h_ptr + pos_offs)
     pw = tl.load(pos_w_ptr + pos_offs)
 
-    d_offs = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_D)
-    mask = d_offs < D
+    d_offs = tl.arange(0, half_D)
+    base_x = b * stride_x_b + t * stride_x_t + h * stride_x_h
+    base_out = b * stride_out_b + h * stride_out_h + t * stride_out_t
 
-    # Load x[b, t, h, :]
-    x_offs = b * stride_x_b + t * stride_x_t + h * stride_x_h + d_offs
-    x = tl.load(x_ptr + x_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
+    x_first = tl.load(x_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
+    x_second = tl.load(x_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)
 
-    # Determine which position axis each d uses
-    d_mod = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, d_offs, d_offs - half_D)
-    pos = tl.where(d_mod < s0, pt, tl.where(d_mod < s0 + s1, ph, pw))
+    pos_axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, pt, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, ph, pw))
 
-    # Load cos and sin from cache (max_pos, D) bf16, indexed by pos and d
-    cos_offs = pos * D + d_offs
-    cos = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + cos_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
-    sin = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + cos_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
+    cos_first = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs)
+    sin_first = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs)
+    cos_second = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs + half_D)
+    sin_second = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs + half_D)
 
-    # rotate_half(x) = cat(-x[half:], x[:half])
-    # Load paired elements; x is already in L1 from the previous load
-    pair_offs = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, d_offs + half_D, d_offs - half_D)
-    x_pair = tl.load(x_ptr + b * stride_x_b + t * stride_x_t + h * stride_x_h + pair_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
-    rotated = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, -x_pair, x_pair)
+    out_first = x_first * cos_first + (-x_second) * sin_first
+    out_second = x_second * cos_second + x_first * sin_second
 
-    out = x * cos + rotated * sin
-
-    # Write output in (B, H, T, D) layout
-    out_offs = b * stride_out_b + h * stride_out_h + t * stride_out_t + d_offs
-    tl.store(out_ptr + out_offs, out, mask=mask)
+    tl.store(out_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
+    tl.store(out_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)
 
 
 class Model(nn.Module):
@@ -95,11 +90,13 @@
         s0, s1, s2 = self.mrope_section
         half_D = D // 2
 
-        BLOCK_D = D
-        num_warps = 4 if D == 128 else 2
+        num_warps = half_D // 32
+        if D == 128:
+            num_warps = 4
+        elif D == 64:
+            num_warps = 2
 
-        grid_q = (B, Hq, T)
-        _mrope_kernel[grid_q](
+        _mrope_kernel[(B, Hq, T)](
             q, out_q,
             self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
             pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
@@ -107,12 +104,11 @@
             out_q.stride(0), out_q.stride(1), out_q.stride(2),
             B, T, Hq, D,
             s0, s1, s2,
-            half_D=half_D, BLOCK_D=BLOCK_D,
+            half_D=half_D,
             num_warps=num_warps,
         )
 
-        grid_k = (B, Hkv, T)
-        _mrope_kernel[grid_k](
+        _mrope_kernel[(B, Hkv, T)](
             k, out_k,
             self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
             pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
@@ -120,14 +116,13 @@
             out_k.stride(0), out_k.stride(1), out_k.stride(2),
             B, T, Hkv, D,
             s0, s1, s2,
-            half_D=half_D, BLOCK_D=BLOCK_D,
+            half_D=half_D,
             num_warps=num_warps,
         )
 
         return out_q, out_k
 
 
-# Module-level shape shims (overwritten per-shape by check.py / benchmark.py).
 B = 1
 T = 4096
 Hq = 32
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "content": "<4564 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
The baseline passes correctness. Let me now optimize it - the main issues are the double load of q/k and the fine-grained parallelism creating too many programs. Let me rewrite with the separate-half approach that avoids double-loading.
assistant
in 499out 1672cache_r 60544cache_w 0
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edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (13 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -91,10 +91,6 @@
         half_D = D // 2
 
         num_warps = half_D // 32
-        if D == 128:
-            num_warps = 4
-        elif D == 64:
-            num_warps = 2
 
         _mrope_kernel[(B, Hq, T)](
             q, out_q,
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "<163 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "newString": "<68 chars \u2014 see below>"
}
oldString (163 chars)
        num_warps = half_D // 32
        if D == 128:
            num_warps = 4
        elif D == 64:
            num_warps = 2

        _mrope_kernel[(B, Hq, T)](
newString (68 chars)
        num_warps = half_D // 32

        _mrope_kernel[(B, Hq, T)](
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
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in 36out 186cache_r 69376cache_w 0
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bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Benchmark after half_D optimization",
  "timeout": 300000
}
tool
stdout (893 chars)
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.200 gbps=287.459 ms=0.314
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.510 gbps=731.808 ms=0.123
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.484 gbps=694.772 ms=0.130
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.3860
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.193 gbps=282.253 ms=0.521
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.528 gbps=771.008 ms=0.191
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.528 gbps=771.590 ms=0.191
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.4287
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.096 gbps=150.473 ms=0.147
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.209 gbps=326.346 ms=0.068
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.284 gbps=443.361 ms=0.050
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.2463
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.177 gbps=253.743 ms=1.423
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.479 gbps=687.073 ms=0.526
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.593 gbps=851.370 ms=0.424
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.4730
peak_fraction: 0.3726
RESULT: OK
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Check correctness after half_D optimization",
  "timeout": 120000
}
tool
stdout (5 chars)
PASS
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assistant
Good progress! Now 0.3726 peak_fraction. Let me try merging q/k into one launch, and also experiment with num_warps for better latency hiding. Let me profile first to understand bottlenecks.
assistant
bash
args
{
  "description": "Profile kernel with simple timing breakdown",
  "command": "<2124 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "timeout": 120000
}
command (2124 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run python -c "
import torch
import triton
import triton.language as tl
from solution import Model, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS

B, T, Hq, Hkv, D = 1, 4096, 32, 8, 128
m = Model(B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS).cuda().eval()

q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')

# Warmup
for _ in range(10):
    m(q, k, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w)

# Time each kernel separately
import time
n_iters = 100

# Time q kernel
m.q_only = lambda: m._mrope_kernel[(1, 32, 4096)](
    q, torch.empty(1, 32, 4096, 128, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda'),
    m.cos_cache, m.sin_cache, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
    q.stride(0), q.stride(1), q.stride(2),
    4096*128, 128, 1,  # out strides
    1, 4096, 32, 128,
    MROPE_SECTION[0], MROPE_SECTION[1], MROPE_SECTION[2],
    half_D=64,
    num_warps=2,
)
torch.cuda.synchronize()
t0 = time.time()
for _ in range(n_iters):
    m.q_only()
torch.cuda.synchronize()
t1 = time.time()
print(f'Q kernel: {(t1-t0)/n_iters*1000:.3f} ms')

# Time k kernel  
m.k_only = lambda: m._mrope_kernel[(1, 8, 4096)](
    k, torch.empty(1, 8, 4096, 128, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda'),
    m.cos_cache, m.sin_cache, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
    k.stride(0), k.stride(1), k.stride(2),
    4096*128, 128, 1,
    1, 4096, 8, 128,
    MROPE_SECTION[0], MROPE_SECTION[1], MROPE_SECTION[2],
    half_D=64,
    num_warps=2,
)
torch.cuda.synchronize()
t0 = time.time()
for _ in range(n_iters):
    m.k_only()
torch.cuda.synchronize()
t1 = time.time()
print(f'K kernel: {(t1-t0)/n_iters*1000:.3f} ms')

# Time combined
torch.cuda.synchronize()
t0 = time.time()
for _ in range(n_iters):
    m(q, k, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w)
torch.cuda.synchronize()
t1 = time.time()
print(f'Combined: {(t1-t0)/n_iters*1000:.3f} ms')
" 2>&1
tool
stdout (341 chars)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 38, in <module>
  File "<string>", line 25, in <lambda>
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1968, in __getattr__
    raise AttributeError(
AttributeError: 'Model' object has no attribute '_mrope_kernel'
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in 493out 980cache_r 70528cache_w 0
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bash
args
{
  "command": "<1097 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Time combined forward pass",
  "timeout": 120000
}
command (1097 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run python -c "
import torch
import time
from solution import Model, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS

B, T, Hq, Hkv, D = 1, 4096, 32, 8, 128
m = Model(B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS).cuda().eval()

q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')

# Warmup
for _ in range(10):
    m(q, k, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w)

n_iters = 100
torch.cuda.synchronize()
t0 = time.time()
for _ in range(n_iters):
    m(q, k, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w)
torch.cuda.synchronize()
t1 = time.time()
print(f'Combined forward: {(t1-t0)/n_iters*1000:.3f} ms')

# Now let's also check with nsight compute
import subprocess
ret = subprocess.run(['ncu', '--list-sets'], capture_output=True, text=True)
print(ret.stdout[:500])
" 2>&1
tool
stdout (528 chars)
Combined forward: 0.074 ms
---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- -----------------
Identifier Sections                                                                    Enabled Estimated Metrics
---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- -----------------
basic      LaunchStats, Occupancy, SpeedOfLight, WorkloadDistribution                  yes     213              
detailed   ComputeWorkloadAnalysis, LaunchStats,
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bash
args
{
  "command": "<2618 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Sweep num_warps for best performance",
  "timeout": 120000
}
command (2618 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run python -c "
import torch
from solution import Model, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS
import time

# Test different num_warps settings
B, T, Hq, Hkv, D = 1, 4096, 32, 8, 128
m = Model(B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS).cuda().eval()

q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')

for nw in [1, 2, 4, 8]:
    import solution
    # Hot-patch num_warps by recompiling
    try:
        from triton.runtime import jit
        # Just directly modify Model.forward
        original_forward = Model.forward
    except:
        pass
    
    out_q = torch.empty(B, Hq, T, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda')
    out_k = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda')
    s0, s1, s2 = MROPE_SECTION
    half_D = 64
    
    # Warmup with specific num_warps
    solution._mrope_kernel[(B, Hq, T)](
        q, out_q, m.cos_cache, m.sin_cache, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
        q.stride(0), q.stride(1), q.stride(2),
        out_q.stride(0), out_q.stride(1), out_q.stride(2),
        B, T, Hq, D, s0, s1, s2,
        half_D=half_D, num_warps=nw,
    )
    solution._mrope_kernel[(B, Hkv, T)](
        k, out_k, m.cos_cache, m.sin_cache, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
        k.stride(0), k.stride(1), k.stride(2),
        out_k.stride(0), out_k.stride(1), out_k.stride(2),
        B, T, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2,
        half_D=half_D, num_warps=nw,
    )
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    
    n_iters = 100
    t0 = time.time()
    for _ in range(n_iters):
        solution._mrope_kernel[(B, Hq, T)](
            q, out_q, m.cos_cache, m.sin_cache, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
            q.stride(0), q.stride(1), q.stride(2),
            out_q.stride(0), out_q.stride(1), out_q.stride(2),
            B, T, Hq, D, s0, s1, s2,
            half_D=half_D, num_warps=nw,
        )
        solution._mrope_kernel[(B, Hkv, T)](
            k, out_k, m.cos_cache, m.sin_cache, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
            k.stride(0), k.stride(1), k.stride(2),
            out_k.stride(0), out_k.stride(1), out_k.stride(2),
            B, T, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2,
            half_D=half_D, num_warps=nw,
        )
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    t1 = time.time()
    ms = (t1-t0)/n_iters*1000
    print(f'num_warps={nw}: {ms:.4f} ms total')
" 2>&1
tool
stdout (116 chars)
num_warps=1: 0.0765 ms total
num_warps=2: 0.0743 ms total
num_warps=4: 0.0755 ms total
num_warps=8: 0.1039 ms total
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bash
args
{
  "command": "cat /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/timing.py 2>/dev/null || find /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard -name \"timing.py\" -exec cat {} \\;",
  "description": "Read timing utility"
}
tool
stdout (2567 chars) — TRUNCATED
"""Centralized GPU timing for benchmark.py files.

All problems' benchmark.py should call `time_fn` from here so we have one
implementation of warmup, L2 flush, and CUDA event capture to maintain.

Methodology:
  - 10 warmup calls absorb Triton autotune (typical ~7 configs) and
    torch.compile reduce-overhead CUDA-graph capture.
  - Between each timed call, `_l2_flush()` writes 128 MB to evict L2
    (Blackwell L2 is 96 MB; we want any prior L2 contents flushed so
    we measure HBM-load bandwidth, not L2-cached bandwidth).
  - GPU timing via cuda.Event with synchronize() AFTER record() but
    BEFORE elapsed_time() — the canonical NVIDIA pattern.
  - Reported value is the median of `iters` trials, robust to outliers.

Notes / known biases not addressed here:
  - torch.compile(mode="reduce-overhead") gets CUDA graphs which eliminate
    launch overhead. Custom Triton/CUDA kernels do NOT get this treatment.
    On small shapes where launch overhead matters, this gives compile an
    artificial advantage. We accept this as the cost of using the agreed
    "compiled" baseline policy.
  - cuBLAS / cuDNN allocate workspaces on first call. 10 warmup absorbs.
  - Median over a fairly small number of trials (default 30) is fine for
    headline numbers but won't catch bimodal distributions. Use --extra
    instrumentation if you ever care.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import statistics

import torch

# Blackwell consumer (RTX PRO 6000) L2 is 96 MB. Allocate strictly larg

... (1067 more chars)
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in 165out 112cache_r 77056cache_w 0
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bash
args
{
  "command": "<1473 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Measure with L2 flush to match benchmark",
  "timeout": 120000
}
command (1473 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run python -c "
import torch
import time

from solution import Model, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS

B, T, Hq, Hkv, D = 1, 4096, 32, 8, 128
m = Model(B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS).cuda().eval()

q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')

# L2 flush helper
l2_scratch = torch.empty(128 * 1024 * 1024 // 4, dtype=torch.float32, device='cuda')

def time_with_flush(fn, n_iters=30):
    for _ in range(10):
        fn()
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    times = []
    for _ in range(n_iters):
        l2_scratch.zero_()
        torch.cuda.synchronize()
        s = torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
        e = torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
        s.record()
        fn()
        e.record()
        torch.cuda.synchronize()
        times.append(s.elapsed_time(e))
    med = sorted(times)[len(times)//2]
    return med

# Test combined
fn = lambda: m(q, k, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w)
ms = time_with_flush(fn)
print(f'Combined (with L2 flush): {ms:.3f} ms')

# For reference: benchmark.py output
print(f'Expected benchmark: ~{ms:.3f} ms (full forward)')
" 2>&1
tool
stdout (80 chars)
Combined (with L2 flush): 0.129 ms
Expected benchmark: ~0.129 ms (full forward)
assistant
in 821out 606cache_r 77312cache_w 0
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/timing.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/timing.py"
}
tool
stdout (2978 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/timing.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Centralized GPU timing for benchmark.py files.
2: 
3: All problems' benchmark.py should call `time_fn` from here so we have one
4: implementation of warmup, L2 flush, and CUDA event capture to maintain.
5: 
6: Methodology:
7:   - 10 warmup calls absorb Triton autotune (typical ~7 configs) and
8:     torch.compile reduce-overhead CUDA-graph capture.
9:   - Between each timed call, `_l2_flush()` writes 128 MB to evict L2
10:     (Blackwell L2 is 96 MB; we want any prior L2 contents flushed so
11:     we measure HBM-load bandwidth, not L2-cached bandwidth).
12:   - GPU timing via cuda.Event with synchronize() AFTER record() but
13:     BEFORE elapsed_time() — the canonical NVIDIA pattern.
14:   - Reported value is the median of `iters` trials, robust to outliers.
15: 
16: Notes / known biases not addressed here:
17:   - torch.compile(mode="reduce-overhead") gets CUDA graphs which eliminate
18:     launch overhead. Custom Triton/CUDA kernels do NOT get this treatment.
19:     On small shapes where launch overhead matters, this gives compile an
20:     artificial advantage. We accept this as the cost of using the agreed
21:     "compiled" baseline policy.
22:   - cuBLAS / cuDNN allocate workspaces on first call. 10 warmup absorbs.
23:   - Median over a fairly small number of trials (default 30) is fine for
24:     headline numbers but won't catch bimodal distributions. Use --ext

... (1478 more chars)
assistant
Now let me try the combined q/k kernel and also experiment with `tl.max_contiguous` hints for better codegen. Let me also try the persistent kernel approach.
assistant
in 56out 96cache_r 80384cache_w 0
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (111 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 Optimization strategy:
 - Process halves separately to avoid double-loading q/k for rotate_half
 - Each thread handles one element from each half, all ops are element-local
-- Two kernel launches: one for q heads, one for k heads
+- Combined q/k kernel: single launch instead of two
 """
 import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
@@ -20,18 +20,22 @@
 
 @triton.jit
 def _mrope_kernel(
-    x_ptr, out_ptr,
+    q_ptr, k_ptr, out_q_ptr, out_k_ptr,
     cos_cache_ptr, sin_cache_ptr,
     pos_t_ptr, pos_h_ptr, pos_w_ptr,
-    stride_x_b, stride_x_t, stride_x_h,
-    stride_out_b, stride_out_h, stride_out_t,
-    B, T, H, D,
+    stride_q_b, stride_q_t, stride_q_h,
+    stride_k_b, stride_k_t, stride_k_h,
+    stride_out_q_b, stride_out_q_h, stride_out_q_t,
+    stride_out_k_b, stride_out_k_h, stride_out_k_t,
+    B, T, Hq, Hkv, D,
     s0, s1, s2,
     half_D: tl.constexpr,
 ):
     b = tl.program_id(0)
-    h = tl.program_id(1)
+    h_global = tl.program_id(1)
     t = tl.program_id(2)
+
+    is_q = h_global < Hq
 
     pos_offs = b * T + t
     pt = tl.load(pos_t_ptr + pos_offs)
@@ -39,11 +43,18 @@
     pw = tl.load(pos_w_ptr + pos_offs)
 
     d_offs = tl.arange(0, half_D)
-    base_x = b * stride_x_b + t * stride_x_t + h * stride_x_h
-    base_out = b * stride_out_b + h * stride_out_h + t * stride_out_t
 
-    x_first = tl.load(x_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
-    x_second = tl.load(x_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)
+    if is_q:
+        base_x = b * stride_q_b + t * stride_q_t + h_global * stride_q_h
+        base_out = b * stride_out_q_b + h_global * stride_out_q_h + t * stride_out_q_t
+        x_first = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
+        x_second = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)
+    else:
+        h_kv = h_global - Hq
+        base_x = b * stride_k_b + t * stride_k_t + h_kv * stride_k_h
+        base_out = b * stride_out_k_b + h_kv * stride_out_k_h + t * stride_out_k_t
+        x_first = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
+        x_second = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)
 
     pos_axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, pt, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, ph, pw))
 
@@ -55,8 +66,12 @@
     out_first = x_first * cos_first + (-x_second) * sin_first
     out_second = x_second * cos_second + x_first * sin_second
 
-    tl.store(out_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
-    tl.store(out_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)
+    if is_q:
+        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
+        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)
+    else:
+        tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
+        tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)
 
 
 class Model(nn.Module):
@@ -89,28 +104,18 @@
 
         s0, s1, s2 = self.mrope_section
         half_D = D // 2
-
         num_warps = half_D // 32
 
-        _mrope_kernel[(B, Hq, T)](
-            q, out_q,
+        grid = (B, Hq + Hkv, T)
+        _mrope_kernel[grid](
+            q, k, out_q, out_k,
             self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
             pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
             q.stride(0), q.stride(1), q.stride(2),
+            k.stride(0), k.stride(1), k.stride(2),
             out_q.stride(0), out_q.stride(1), out_q.stride(2),
-            B, T, Hq, D,
-            s0, s1, s2,
-            half_D=half_D,
-            num_warps=num_warps,
-        )
-
-        _mrope_kernel[(B, Hkv, T)](
-            k, out_k,
-            self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
-            pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
-            k.stride(0), k.stride(1), k.stride(2),
             out_k.stride(0), out_k.stride(1), out_k.stride(2),
-            B, T, Hkv, D,
+            B, T, Hq, Hkv, D,
             s0, s1, s2,
             half_D=half_D,
             num_warps=num_warps,
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "content": "<4921 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
in 1006out 1749cache_r 81024cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Check correctness after combined kernel",
  "timeout": 120000
}
tool
stdout (5 chars)
PASS
assistant
in 22out 114cache_r 85632cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Benchmark combined kernel",
  "timeout": 300000
}
tool
stdout (895 chars)
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.232 gbps=332.405 ms=0.272
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.738 gbps=1059.178 ms=0.085
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.653 gbps=936.316 ms=0.096
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5202
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.161 gbps=234.442 ms=0.627
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.684 gbps=998.406 ms=0.147
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.683 gbps=996.997 ms=0.147
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.5539
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.138 gbps=215.160 ms=0.103
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.172 gbps=268.688 ms=0.082
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.182 gbps=284.796 ms=0.078
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.1582
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.178 gbps=255.340 ms=1.414
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.526 gbps=754.487 ms=0.479
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.706 gbps=1013.515 ms=0.356
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.5631
peak_fraction: 0.4003
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 23out 113cache_r 85760cache_w 0
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (97 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 """Multi-axis RoPE pre-attention prep fused kernel (Triton).
 
 Fuses gather + per-axis mixing + rotate-half + transpose into a single
-read of q/k with direct (B, H, T, D) output.
+pass with direct (B, H, T, D) output.
 
-Optimization strategy:
-- Process halves separately to avoid double-loading q/k for rotate_half
-- Each thread handles one element from each half, all ops are element-local
-- Combined q/k kernel: single launch instead of two
+Strategy: process full head_dim D per program with BLOCK_D = D.
+Double-load of q/k for rotate_half is absorbed by L1 cache.
 """
 import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
@@ -30,6 +28,7 @@
     B, T, Hq, Hkv, D,
     s0, s1, s2,
     half_D: tl.constexpr,
+    BLOCK_D: tl.constexpr,
 ):
     b = tl.program_id(0)
     h_global = tl.program_id(1)
@@ -42,36 +41,35 @@
     ph = tl.load(pos_h_ptr + pos_offs)
     pw = tl.load(pos_w_ptr + pos_offs)
 
-    d_offs = tl.arange(0, half_D)
+    d_offs = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_D)
+    mask = d_offs < D
 
     if is_q:
         base_x = b * stride_q_b + t * stride_q_t + h_global * stride_q_h
         base_out = b * stride_out_q_b + h_global * stride_out_q_h + t * stride_out_q_t
-        x_first = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
-        x_second = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)
+        x = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
+        x_pair = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + tl.where(d_offs < half_D, d_offs + half_D, d_offs - half_D), mask=mask, other=0.0)
     else:
         h_kv = h_global - Hq
         base_x = b * stride_k_b + t * stride_k_t + h_kv * stride_k_h
         base_out = b * stride_out_k_b + h_kv * stride_out_k_h + t * stride_out_k_t
-        x_first = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
-        x_second = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)
+        x = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
+        x_pair = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + tl.where(d_offs < half_D, d_offs + half_D, d_offs - half_D), mask=mask, other=0.0)
 
-    pos_axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, pt, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, ph, pw))
+    # Axis selection per element
+    d_mod = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, d_offs, d_offs - half_D)
+    pos = tl.where(d_mod < s0, pt, tl.where(d_mod < s0 + s1, ph, pw))
 
-    cos_first = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs)
-    sin_first = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs)
-    cos_second = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs + half_D)
-    sin_second = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs + half_D)
+    cos = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pos * D + d_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
+    sin = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pos * D + d_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
 
-    out_first = x_first * cos_first + (-x_second) * sin_first
-    out_second = x_second * cos_second + x_first * sin_second
+    rotated = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, -x_pair, x_pair)
+    out = x * cos + rotated * sin
 
     if is_q:
-        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
-        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)
+        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out, mask=mask)
     else:
-        tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
-        tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)
+        tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out, mask=mask)
 
 
 class Model(nn.Module):
@@ -104,7 +102,8 @@
 
         s0, s1, s2 = self.mrope_section
         half_D = D // 2
-        num_warps = half_D // 32
+        BLOCK_D = D
+        num_warps = D // 32
 
         grid = (B, Hq + Hkv, T)
         _mrope_kernel[grid](
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@
             out_k.stride(0), out_k.stride(1), out_k.stride(2),
             B, T, Hq, Hkv, D,
             s0, s1, s2,
-            half_D=half_D,
+            half_D=half_D, BLOCK_D=BLOCK_D,
             num_warps=num_warps,
         )
 
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "content": "<4861 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
Good improvement on most shapes! Shape 2 (D=64) regressed. The issue is 1 warp with half_D=32 provides no latency hiding. Let me switch to BLOCK_D=D for all shapes with double-load for rotate_half, using more warps.
assistant
in 408out 1833cache_r 85888cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Check correctness after BLOCK_D=D design",
  "timeout": 120000
}
tool
stdout (5 chars)
PASS
assistant
in 136out 117cache_r 89728cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Benchmark BLOCK_D=D design",
  "timeout": 300000
}
tool
stdout (892 chars)
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.195 gbps=279.596 ms=0.323
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.503 gbps=721.606 ms=0.125
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.365 gbps=524.372 ms=0.172
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.2913
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.206 gbps=300.593 ms=0.489
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.493 gbps=719.390 ms=0.204
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.412 gbps=601.935 ms=0.244
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.3344
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.062 gbps=97.277 ms=0.227
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.466 gbps=728.346 ms=0.030
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.343 gbps=535.814 ms=0.041
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.2977
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.178 gbps=255.308 ms=1.414
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.523 gbps=750.847 ms=0.481
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.452 gbps=648.869 ms=0.557
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.3605
peak_fraction: 0.3198
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 53out 116cache_r 90496cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "<3463 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Sweep num_warps for D=64 shape",
  "timeout": 120000
}
command (3463 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run python -c "
import torch, time
import triton, triton.language as tl

B, T, Hq, Hkv, D = 2, 2048, 16, 2, 64
mrope_section = (8, 12, 12)

q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pos_t = torch.randint(0, 16384, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_h = torch.randint(0, 16384, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_w = torch.randint(0, 16384, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')

cos_cache = torch.empty(16384, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda').uniform_(-1, 1)
sin_cache = torch.empty(16384, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda').uniform_(-1, 1)

out_q = torch.empty(B, Hq, T, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda')
out_k = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda')

s0, s1, s2 = mrope_section
half_D = D // 2

# Test various num_warps for half_D approach  
@triton.jit
def test_half_kernel(
    q_ptr, k_ptr, out_q_ptr, out_k_ptr, cos_cache_ptr, sin_cache_ptr,
    pos_t_ptr, pos_h_ptr, pos_w_ptr,
    sq_b, sq_t, sq_h, sk_b, sk_t, sk_h,
    soq_b, soq_h, soq_t, sok_b, sok_h, sok_t,
    B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2, half_D: tl.constexpr):
    b= tl.program_id(0); hg= tl.program_id(1); t= tl.program_id(2)
    is_q= hg < Hq
    po= b*T+t
    pt=tl.load(pos_t_ptr+po); ph=tl.load(pos_h_ptr+po); pw=tl.load(pos_w_ptr+po)
    do= tl.arange(0, half_D)
    if is_q:
        bx= b*sq_b + t*sq_t + hg*sq_h; bo= b*soq_b + hg*soq_h + t*soq_t
        x1= tl.load(q_ptr+bx+do); x2= tl.load(q_ptr+bx+do+half_D)
    else:
        hk= hg-Hq; bx= b*sk_b + t*sk_t + hk*sk_h; bo= b*sok_b + hk*sok_h + t*sok_t
        x1= tl.load(k_ptr+bx+do); x2= tl.load(k_ptr+bx+do+half_D)
    pa= tl.where(do < s0, pt, tl.where(do < s0+s1, ph, pw))
    c1= tl.load(cos_cache_ptr+pa*D+do); s1_= tl.load(sin_cache_ptr+pa*D+do)
    c2= tl.load(cos_cache_ptr+pa*D+do+half_D); s2_= tl.load(sin_cache_ptr+pa*D+do+half_D)
    o1= x1*c1 + (-x2)*s1_; o2= x2*c2 + x1*s2_
    if is_q: tl.store(out_q_ptr+bo+do, o1); tl.store(out_q_ptr+bo+do+half_D, o2)
    else: tl.store(out_k_ptr+bo+do, o1); tl.store(out_k_ptr+bo+do+half_D, o2)

l2 = torch.empty(128*1024*1024//4, dtype=torch.float32, device='cuda')
for nw in [1, 2, 4]:
    for _ in range(10):
        test_half_kernel[(B, Hq+Hkv, T)](q,k,out_q,out_k,cos_cache,sin_cache,pos_t,pos_h,pos_w,
            q.stride(0),q.stride(1),q.stride(2),k.stride(0),k.stride(1),k.stride(2),
            out_q.stride(0),out_q.stride(1),out_q.stride(2),out_k.stride(0),out_k.stride(1),out_k.stride(2),
            B,T,Hq,Hkv,D,s0,s1,s2,half_D=half_D, num_warps=nw)
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    times=[]
    for _ in range(30):
        l2.zero_(); torch.cuda.synchronize()
        s= torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True); e= torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
        s.record()
        test_half_kernel[(B, Hq+Hkv, T)](q,k,out_q,out_k,cos_cache,sin_cache,pos_t,pos_h,pos_w,
            q.stride(0),q.stride(1),q.stride(2),k.stride(0),k.stride(1),k.stride(2),
            out_q.stride(0),out_q.stride(1),out_q.stride(2),out_k.stride(0),out_k.stride(1),out_k.stride(2),
            B,T,Hq,Hkv,D,s0,s1,s2,half_D=half_D, num_warps=nw)
        e.record(); torch.cuda.synchronize()
        times.append(s.elapsed_time(e))
    med= sorted(times)[len(times)//2]
    print(f'D=64 half_D approach num_warps={nw}: {med:.3f} ms')
" 2>&1
tool
stdout (1650 chars) — TRUNCATED
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/triton/runtime/jit.py", line 461, in __init__
    self.raw_src, self.starting_line_number = inspect.getsourcelines(fn)
                                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.11.15-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.11/inspect.py", line 1240, in getsourcelines
    lines, lnum = findsource(object)
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.11.15-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.11/inspect.py", line 1077, in findsource
    raise OSError('could not get source code')
OSError: could not get source code

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 24, in <module>
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/triton/runtime/jit.py", line 935, in jit
    return decorator(fn)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/triton/runtime/jit.py", line 923, in decorator
    return JITFunction(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/triton/runtime/jit.py", line 756, in __init__
    super().__init__(fn)
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/triton/runtime/jit.py", line 463, in __

... (150 more chars)
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in 428out 1509cache_r 90624cache_w 0
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bash
args
{
  "description": "Sweep num_warps for D=64 using test file",
  "command": "<3440 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "timeout": 120000
}
command (3440 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && cat > /tmp/test_nw.py << 'PYEOF'
import torch
import triton
import triton.language as tl
import time

@triton.jit
def test_half_kernel(
    q_ptr, k_ptr, out_q_ptr, out_k_ptr, cos_cache_ptr, sin_cache_ptr,
    pos_t_ptr, pos_h_ptr, pos_w_ptr,
    sq_b, sq_t, sq_h, sk_b, sk_t, sk_h,
    soq_b, soq_h, soq_t, sok_b, sok_h, sok_t,
    B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2, half_D: tl.constexpr):
    b= tl.program_id(0); hg= tl.program_id(1); t= tl.program_id(2)
    is_q= hg < Hq
    po= b*T+t
    pt=tl.load(pos_t_ptr+po); ph=tl.load(pos_h_ptr+po); pw=tl.load(pos_w_ptr+po)
    do= tl.arange(0, half_D)
    if is_q:
        bx= b*sq_b + t*sq_t + hg*sq_h; bo= b*soq_b + hg*soq_h + t*soq_t
        x1= tl.load(q_ptr+bx+do); x2= tl.load(q_ptr+bx+do+half_D)
    else:
        hk= hg-Hq; bx= b*sk_b + t*sk_t + hk*sk_h; bo= b*sok_b + hk*sok_h + t*sok_t
        x1= tl.load(k_ptr+bx+do); x2= tl.load(k_ptr+bx+do+half_D)
    pa= tl.where(do < s0, pt, tl.where(do < s0+s1, ph, pw))
    c1= tl.load(cos_cache_ptr+pa*D+do); s1_= tl.load(sin_cache_ptr+pa*D+do)
    c2= tl.load(cos_cache_ptr+pa*D+do+half_D); s2_= tl.load(sin_cache_ptr+pa*D+do+half_D)
    o1= x1*c1 + (-x2)*s1_; o2= x2*c2 + x1*s2_
    if is_q: tl.store(out_q_ptr+bo+do, o1); tl.store(out_q_ptr+bo+do+half_D, o2)
    else: tl.store(out_k_ptr+bo+do, o1); tl.store(out_k_ptr+bo+do+half_D, o2)

B, T, Hq, Hkv, D = 2, 2048, 16, 2, 64
s0, s1, s2 = 8, 12, 12
half_D = D // 2
q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pos_t = torch.randint(0, 16384, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_h = torch.randint(0, 16384, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_w = torch.randint(0, 16384, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
cos_cache = torch.empty(16384, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda').uniform_(-1, 1)
sin_cache = torch.empty(16384, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda').uniform_(-1, 1)
out_q = torch.empty(B, Hq, T, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda')
out_k = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda')
l2 = torch.empty(128*1024*1024//4, dtype=torch.float32, device='cuda')

for nw in [1, 2, 4]:
    for _ in range(10):
        test_half_kernel[(B, Hq+Hkv, T)](q,k,out_q,out_k,cos_cache,sin_cache,pos_t,pos_h,pos_w,
            q.stride(0),q.stride(1),q.stride(2),k.stride(0),k.stride(1),k.stride(2),
            out_q.stride(0),out_q.stride(1),out_q.stride(2),out_k.stride(0),out_k.stride(1),out_k.stride(2),
            B,T,Hq,Hkv,D,s0,s1,s2,half_D=half_D, num_warps=nw)
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    times=[]
    for _ in range(30):
        l2.zero_(); torch.cuda.synchronize()
        s= torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True); e= torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
        s.record()
        test_half_kernel[(B, Hq+Hkv, T)](q,k,out_q,out_k,cos_cache,sin_cache,pos_t,pos_h,pos_w,
            q.stride(0),q.stride(1),q.stride(2),k.stride(0),k.stride(1),k.stride(2),
            out_q.stride(0),out_q.stride(1),out_q.stride(2),out_k.stride(0),out_k.stride(1),out_k.stride(2),
            B,T,Hq,Hkv,D,s0,s1,s2,half_D=half_D, num_warps=nw)
        e.record(); torch.cuda.synchronize()
        times.append(s.elapsed_time(e))
    med= sorted(times)[len(times)//2]
    print(f'D=64 half_D approach num_warps={nw}: {med:.3f} ms')
PYEOF
uv run python /tmp/test_nw.py 2>&1
tool
stdout (129 chars)
D=64 half_D approach num_warps=1: 0.045 ms
D=64 half_D approach num_warps=2: 0.043 ms
D=64 half_D approach num_warps=4: 0.066 ms
assistant
in 542out 1509cache_r 94464cache_w 0
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write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (109 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
 """Multi-axis RoPE pre-attention prep fused kernel (Triton).
 
 Fuses gather + per-axis mixing + rotate-half + transpose into a single
-pass with direct (B, H, T, D) output.
+kernel with direct (B, H, T, D) output.
 
-Strategy: process full head_dim D per program with BLOCK_D = D.
-Double-load of q/k for rotate_half is absorbed by L1 cache.
+Key optimization: process head_dim in two halves to avoid double-loading
+q/k for rotate_half. Each thread handles one element from each half,
+all rotation ops are element-local. Combined q/k grid eliminates second
+kernel launch.
+
+Memory-bound: fused approach reduces DRAM traffic vs reference by
+eliminating intermediate cos/sin tensors and the transpose pass.
 """
 import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
@@ -28,7 +33,6 @@
     B, T, Hq, Hkv, D,
     s0, s1, s2,
     half_D: tl.constexpr,
-    BLOCK_D: tl.constexpr,
 ):
     b = tl.program_id(0)
     h_global = tl.program_id(1)
@@ -41,35 +45,36 @@
     ph = tl.load(pos_h_ptr + pos_offs)
     pw = tl.load(pos_w_ptr + pos_offs)
 
-    d_offs = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_D)
-    mask = d_offs < D
+    d_offs = tl.arange(0, half_D)
 
     if is_q:
         base_x = b * stride_q_b + t * stride_q_t + h_global * stride_q_h
         base_out = b * stride_out_q_b + h_global * stride_out_q_h + t * stride_out_q_t
-        x = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
-        x_pair = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + tl.where(d_offs < half_D, d_offs + half_D, d_offs - half_D), mask=mask, other=0.0)
+        x_first = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
+        x_second = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)
     else:
         h_kv = h_global - Hq
         base_x = b * stride_k_b + t * stride_k_t + h_kv * stride_k_h
         base_out = b * stride_out_k_b + h_kv * stride_out_k_h + t * stride_out_k_t
-        x = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
-        x_pair = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + tl.where(d_offs < half_D, d_offs + half_D, d_offs - half_D), mask=mask, other=0.0)
+        x_first = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
+        x_second = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)
 
-    # Axis selection per element
-    d_mod = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, d_offs, d_offs - half_D)
-    pos = tl.where(d_mod < s0, pt, tl.where(d_mod < s0 + s1, ph, pw))
+    pos_axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, pt, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, ph, pw))
 
-    cos = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pos * D + d_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
-    sin = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pos * D + d_offs, mask=mask, other=0.0)
+    cos_first = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs)
+    sin_first = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs)
+    cos_second = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs + half_D)
+    sin_second = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs + half_D)
 
-    rotated = tl.where(d_offs < half_D, -x_pair, x_pair)
-    out = x * cos + rotated * sin
+    out_first = x_first * cos_first + (-x_second) * sin_first
+    out_second = x_second * cos_second + x_first * sin_second
 
     if is_q:
-        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out, mask=mask)
+        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
+        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)
     else:
-        tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out, mask=mask)
+        tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
+        tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)
 
 
 class Model(nn.Module):
@@ -102,8 +107,9 @@
 
         s0, s1, s2 = self.mrope_section
         half_D = D // 2
-        BLOCK_D = D
-        num_warps = D // 32
+
+        # At least 2 warps for latency hiding (critical for D=64 where half_D=32)
+        num_warps = max(half_D // 32, 2)
 
         grid = (B, Hq + Hkv, T)
         _mrope_kernel[grid](
@@ -116,13 +122,14 @@
             out_k.stride(0), out_k.stride(1), out_k.stride(2),
             B, T, Hq, Hkv, D,
             s0, s1, s2,
-            half_D=half_D, BLOCK_D=BLOCK_D,
+            half_D=half_D,
             num_warps=num_warps,
         )
 
         return out_q, out_k
 
 
+# Module-level shape shims (overwritten per-shape by check.py / benchmark.py).
 B = 1
 T = 4096
 Hq = 32
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "content": "<5224 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
The half_D approach was better. The issue was num_warps=1 for D=64 giving no latency hiding. Let me go back to half_D (no double-load) with min num_warps=2:
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bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run check.py 2>&1 && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Check + benchmark after num_warps fix",
  "timeout": 300000
}
tool
stdout (900 chars)
PASS
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.231 gbps=332.053 ms=0.272
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.724 gbps=1038.704 ms=0.087
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.650 gbps=933.219 ms=0.097
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5185
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.206 gbps=300.879 ms=0.489
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.694 gbps=1013.271 ms=0.145
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.674 gbps=984.181 ms=0.149
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.5468
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.137 gbps=214.359 ms=0.103
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.459 gbps=716.641 ms=0.031
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.331 gbps=516.592 ms=0.043
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.2870
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.178 gbps=255.698 ms=1.412
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.525 gbps=753.831 ms=0.479
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.654 gbps=937.794 ms=0.385
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.5210
peak_fraction: 0.4537
RESULT: OK
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bash
args
{
  "command": "<767 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Profile kernel with ncu",
  "timeout": 180000
}
command (767 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run ncu --set basic -c 1 --kernel-name _mrope_kernel --page details python -c "
from solution import Model, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS
import torch
m = Model(1, 4096, 32, 8, 128, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS).cuda().eval()
q = torch.randn(1, 4096, 32, 128, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(1, 4096, 8, 128, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
for _ in range(5): m(q,k,pos_t,pos_h,pos_w)
torch.cuda.synchronize()
" 2>&1 | head -80
tool
stdout (5171 chars) — TRUNCATED
==PROF== Connected to process 365708 (/home/infatoshi/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.11.15-linux-x86_64-gnu/bin/python3.11)
==PROF== Profiling "_mrope_kernel": 0%....50%....100% - 9 passes
==PROF== Disconnected from process 365708
[365708] python3.11@127.0.0.1
  _mrope_kernel (1, 40, 4096)x(64, 1, 1), Context 1, Stream 7, Device 0, CC 12.0
    Section: GPU Speed Of Light Throughput
    ----------------------- ----------- ------------
    Metric Name             Metric Unit Metric Value
    ----------------------- ----------- ------------
    DRAM Frequency                  Ghz        13.35
    SM Frequency                    Ghz         2.45
    Elapsed Cycles                cycle      240,315
    Memory Throughput                 %        50.14
    DRAM Throughput                   %        50.14
    Duration                         us        97.34
    L1/TEX Cache Throughput           %        19.19
    L2 Cache Throughput               %        24.19
    SM Active Cycles              cycle   217,940.88
    Compute (SM) Throughput           %        17.55
    ----------------------- ----------- ------------

    OPT   This workload exhibits low compute throughput and memory bandwidth utilization relative to the peak           
          performance of this device. Achieved compute throughput and/or memory bandwidth below 60.0% of peak           
          typically indicate latency issues. Look at Scheduler Statistics and Warp State Statistics for potential       
       

... (3671 more chars)
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todowrite
args
{
  "todos": [
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Check correctness with python check.py",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Profile and optimize iteratively",
      "status": "in_progress"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "con

... (70 more chars)
tool
stdout (455 chars)
content: 'Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Check correctness with python check.py'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Profile and optimize iteratively'
status: 'in_progress'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Benchmark and finalize'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
assistant
in 1018out 151cache_r 102784cache_w 0
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (142 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@
 Fuses gather + per-axis mixing + rotate-half + transpose into a single
 kernel with direct (B, H, T, D) output.
 
-Key optimization: process head_dim in two halves to avoid double-loading
-q/k for rotate_half. Each thread handles one element from each half,
-all rotation ops are element-local. Combined q/k grid eliminates second
-kernel launch.
-
-Memory-bound: fused approach reduces DRAM traffic vs reference by
-eliminating intermediate cos/sin tensors and the transpose pass.
+Key optimization:
+- Group by (batch, time): one program loads all 6 cos/sin rows once and
+  processes ALL heads at that (b,t). Eliminates H_total-way redundant
+  cos/sin cache reads — the main bandwidth bottleneck.
+- Process head_dim in two halves to avoid double-loading q/k.
+- All rotation ops are element-local, no cross-thread communication.
 """
 import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
@@ -30,16 +29,16 @@
     stride_k_b, stride_k_t, stride_k_h,
     stride_out_q_b, stride_out_q_h, stride_out_q_t,
     stride_out_k_b, stride_out_k_h, stride_out_k_t,
-    B, T, Hq, Hkv, D,
+    B, T, D,
     s0, s1, s2,
     half_D: tl.constexpr,
+    Hq_: tl.constexpr,
+    Hkv_: tl.constexpr,
 ):
     b = tl.program_id(0)
-    h_global = tl.program_id(1)
-    t = tl.program_id(2)
+    t = tl.program_id(1)
 
-    is_q = h_global < Hq
-
+    # --- Load position IDs once per (b, t) ---
     pos_offs = b * T + t
     pt = tl.load(pos_t_ptr + pos_offs)
     ph = tl.load(pos_h_ptr + pos_offs)
@@ -47,32 +46,51 @@
 
     d_offs = tl.arange(0, half_D)
 
-    if is_q:
-        base_x = b * stride_q_b + t * stride_q_t + h_global * stride_q_h
-        base_out = b * stride_out_q_b + h_global * stride_out_q_h + t * stride_out_q_t
+    # --- Load all 6 cos/sin rows once (shared across all heads) ---
+    cos_t = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pt * D + d_offs)
+    sin_t = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pt * D + d_offs)
+    cos_h = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + ph * D + d_offs)
+    sin_h = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + ph * D + d_offs)
+    cos_w = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs)
+    sin_w = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs)
+
+    cos_t_2 = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pt * D + d_offs + half_D)
+    sin_t_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pt * D + d_offs + half_D)
+    cos_h_2 = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + ph * D + d_offs + half_D)
+    sin_h_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + ph * D + d_offs + half_D)
+    cos_w_2 = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs + half_D)
+    sin_w_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs + half_D)
+
+    # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
+    axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, 0, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, 1, 2))
+    cos_first = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h, cos_w))
+    sin_first = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h, sin_w))
+    cos_second = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
+    sin_second = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
+
+    # --- Process all q heads ---
+    for h in range(Hq_):
+        base_x = b * stride_q_b + t * stride_q_t + h * stride_q_h
         x_first = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
         x_second = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)
-    else:
-        h_kv = h_global - Hq
-        base_x = b * stride_k_b + t * stride_k_t + h_kv * stride_k_h
-        base_out = b * stride_out_k_b + h_kv * stride_out_k_h + t * stride_out_k_t
+
+        out_first = x_first * cos_first + (-x_second) * sin_first
+        out_second = x_second * cos_second + x_first * sin_second
+
+        base_out = b * stride_out_q_b + h * stride_out_q_h + t * stride_out_q_t
+        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
+        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)
+
+    # --- Process all k heads ---
+    for h in range(Hkv_):
+        base_x = b * stride_k_b + t * stride_k_t + h * stride_k_h
         x_first = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
         x_second = tl.load(k_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)
 
-    pos_axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, pt, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, ph, pw))
+        out_first = x_first * cos_first + (-x_second) * sin_first
+        out_second = x_second * cos_second + x_first * sin_second
 
-    cos_first = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs)
-    sin_first = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs)
-    cos_second = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs + half_D)
-    sin_second = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pos_axis * D + d_offs + half_D)
-
-    out_first = x_first * cos_first + (-x_second) * sin_first
-    out_second = x_second * cos_second + x_first * sin_second
-
-    if is_q:
-        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
-        tl.store(out_q_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)
-    else:
+        base_out = b * stride_out_k_b + h * stride_out_k_h + t * stride_out_k_t
         tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs, out_first)
         tl.store(out_k_ptr + base_out + d_offs + half_D, out_second)
 
@@ -108,10 +126,7 @@
         s0, s1, s2 = self.mrope_section
         half_D = D // 2
 
-        # At least 2 warps for latency hiding (critical for D=64 where half_D=32)
-        num_warps = max(half_D // 32, 2)
-
-        grid = (B, Hq + Hkv, T)
+        grid = (B, T)
         _mrope_kernel[grid](
             q, k, out_q, out_k,
             self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
@@ -120,10 +135,11 @@
             k.stride(0), k.stride(1), k.stride(2),
             out_q.stride(0), out_q.stride(1), out_q.stride(2),
             out_k.stride(0), out_k.stride(1), out_k.stride(2),
-            B, T, Hq, Hkv, D,
+            B, T, D,
             s0, s1, s2,
             half_D=half_D,
-            num_warps=num_warps,
+            Hq_=Hq, Hkv_=Hkv,
+            num_warps=4,
         )
 
         return out_q, out_k
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "content": "<6140 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
Good insight from ncu: 50% DRAM throughput, and the kernel reads cos/sin data H_total times per (b,t) redundantly. Let me restructure to group by (b,t) — load cos/sin once, process all heads in one program:
assistant
in 287out 2210cache_r 111616cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Check correctness of head-grouping kernel",
  "timeout": 120000
}
tool
stdout (5 chars)
PASS
assistant
in 27out 116cache_r 114176cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Benchmark head-grouping kernel",
  "timeout": 300000
}
tool
stdout (896 chars)
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.234 gbps=335.908 ms=0.269
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.511 gbps=732.663 ms=0.123
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.904 gbps=1297.365 ms=0.070
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.7208
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.207 gbps=301.728 ms=0.487
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.677 gbps=988.204 ms=0.149
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.942 gbps=1375.760 ms=0.107
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.7643
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.138 gbps=214.959 ms=0.103
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.451 gbps=705.306 ms=0.031
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.497 gbps=777.066 ms=0.028
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.4317
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.177 gbps=254.398 ms=1.419
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.528 gbps=757.322 ms=0.477
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.990 gbps=1419.878 ms=0.254
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.7888
peak_fraction: 0.6581
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 75out 115cache_r 115712cache_w 0
assistant
Massive improvement! 1420 GB/s peak. Let me profile the new kernel and sweep num_warps.
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "<767 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "ncu profile of new kernel",
  "timeout": 180000
}
command (767 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run ncu --set basic -c 1 --kernel-name _mrope_kernel --page details python -c "
from solution import Model, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS
import torch
m = Model(1, 4096, 32, 8, 128, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS).cuda().eval()
q = torch.randn(1, 4096, 32, 128, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(1, 4096, 8, 128, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
for _ in range(5): m(q,k,pos_t,pos_h,pos_w)
torch.cuda.synchronize()
" 2>&1 | head -80
tool
stdout (5437 chars) — TRUNCATED
==PROF== Connected to process 368006 (/home/infatoshi/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.11.15-linux-x86_64-gnu/bin/python3.11)
==PROF== Profiling "_mrope_kernel": 0%....50%....100% - 9 passes
==PROF== Disconnected from process 368006
[368006] python3.11@127.0.0.1
  _mrope_kernel (1, 4096, 1)x(128, 1, 1), Context 1, Stream 7, Device 0, CC 12.0
    Section: GPU Speed Of Light Throughput
    ----------------------- ----------- ------------
    Metric Name             Metric Unit Metric Value
    ----------------------- ----------- ------------
    DRAM Frequency                  Ghz        13.34
    SM Frequency                    Ghz         2.51
    Elapsed Cycles                cycle      161,244
    Memory Throughput                 %        79.19
    DRAM Throughput                   %        79.19
    Duration                         us        64.10
    L1/TEX Cache Throughput           %        35.05
    L2 Cache Throughput               %        19.63
    SM Active Cycles              cycle    87,273.41
    Compute (SM) Throughput           %        19.04
    ----------------------- ----------- ------------

    OPT   Memory is more heavily utilized than Compute: Look at the Memory Workload Analysis section to identify the    
          DRAM bottleneck. Check memory replay (coalescing) metrics to make sure you're efficiently utilizing the       
          bytes transferred. Also consider whether it is possible to do more work per memory access (kernel fusion) or  
       

... (3937 more chars)
assistant
in 452out 412cache_r 115840cache_w 0
assistant
79% DRAM throughput now! Key finding: only 1.82 waves, partial wave wasting ~50% time. The block warp limit (4 warps × 12 blocks = 48 warps/SM) is the bottleneck. Let me try num_warps=2 for better occupancy.
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "<2150 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Sweep num_warps for head-grouping kernel",
  "timeout": 120000
}
command (2150 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run python -c "
import torch, time

# Test different num_warps with head-grouping  
from solution import Model, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS

B, T, Hq, Hkv, D = 1, 4096, 32, 8, 128
m = Model(B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS).cuda().eval()
q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')

s0, s1, s2 = MROPE_SECTION
half_D = D // 2
out_q = torch.empty(B, Hq, T, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda')
out_k = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda')
l2 = torch.empty(128*1024*1024//4, dtype=torch.float32, device='cuda')

import solution
for nw in [2, 4, 8]:
    for _ in range(10):
        solution._mrope_kernel[(B, T)](
            q,k,out_q,out_k,m.cos_cache,m.sin_cache,pos_t,pos_h,pos_w,
            q.stride(0),q.stride(1),q.stride(2),k.stride(0),k.stride(1),k.stride(2),
            out_q.stride(0),out_q.stride(1),out_q.stride(2),out_k.stride(0),out_k.stride(1),out_k.stride(2),
            B,T,D,s0,s1,s2,half_D=half_D,Hq_=Hq,Hkv_=Hkv,num_warps=nw)
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    times=[]
    for _ in range(30):
        l2.zero_(); torch.cuda.synchronize()
        s=torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True); e=torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
        s.record()
        solution._mrope_kernel[(B, T)](
            q,k,out_q,out_k,m.cos_cache,m.sin_cache,pos_t,pos_h,pos_w,
            q.stride(0),q.stride(1),q.stride(2),k.stride(0),k.stride(1),k.stride(2),
            out_q.stride(0),out_q.stride(1),out_q.stride(2),out_k.stride(0),out_k.stride(1),out_k.stride(2),
            B,T,D,s0,s1,s2,half_D=half_D,Hq_=Hq,Hkv_=Hkv,num_warps=nw)
        e.record(); torch.cuda.synchronize()
        times.append(s.elapsed_time(e))
    med=sorted(times)[len(times)//2]
    print(f'num_warps={nw}: {med:.3f} ms')
" 2>&1
tool
stdout (66 chars)
num_warps=2: 0.060 ms
num_warps=4: 0.072 ms
num_warps=8: 0.093 ms
assistant
in 1061out 982cache_r 117120cache_w 0
assistant
edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (11 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
             s0, s1, s2,
             half_D=half_D,
             Hq_=Hq, Hkv_=Hkv,
-            num_warps=4,
+            num_warps=2,
         )
 
         return out_q, out_k
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "            num_warps=4,",
  "newString": "            num_warps=2,"
}
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
in 166out 118cache_r 122112cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run check.py 2>&1 && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Check + benchmark with num_warps=2",
  "timeout": 300000
}
tool
stdout (901 chars)
PASS
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.199 gbps=286.190 ms=0.315
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.563 gbps=808.228 ms=0.112
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.753 gbps=1080.268 ms=0.084
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.6001
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.191 gbps=279.182 ms=0.527
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.532 gbps=776.285 ms=0.189
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.794 gbps=1159.577 ms=0.127
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.6442
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.094 gbps=146.658 ms=0.151
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.222 gbps=347.337 ms=0.064
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.467 gbps=729.884 ms=0.030
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.4055
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.175 gbps=251.689 ms=1.435
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.483 gbps=693.022 ms=0.521
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.876 gbps=1257.534 ms=0.287
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6986
peak_fraction: 0.5753
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 35out 128cache_r 122752cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "<879 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Quick ncu check for num_warps=2",
  "timeout": 180000
}
command (879 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run ncu --set basic -c 1 --kernel-name _mrope_kernel --page details python -c "
from solution import Model, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS
import torch
m = Model(1, 4096, 32, 8, 128, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS).cuda().eval()
q = torch.randn(1, 4096, 32, 128, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(1, 4096, 8, 128, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
for _ in range(5): m(q,k,pos_t,pos_h,pos_w)
torch.cuda.synchronize()
" 2>&1 | grep -E 'Waves|Partial|Tail|Duration|Memory Throughput|DRAM Throughput|Occupancy|Registers|Block Limit|Warp|num_warps=2'
tool
stdout (987 chars)
Memory Throughput                 %        87.43
    DRAM Throughput                   %        87.43
    Duration                         us        31.01
    Registers Per Thread             register/thread              30
    Waves Per SM                                                0.91
    Section: Occupancy
    Overall GPU Occupancy                     %            0
    Cluster Occupancy                         %            0
    Block Limit Barriers                  block           24
    Block Limit SM                        block           24
    Block Limit Registers                 block           32
    Block Limit Shared Mem                block           32
    Block Limit Warps                     block           24
    Theoretical Active Warps per SM        warp           48
    Theoretical Occupancy                     %          100
    Achieved Occupancy                        %        87.14
    Achieved Active Warps Per SM           warp        41.83
assistant
in 501out 432cache_r 123136cache_w 0
assistant
edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (11 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
             s0, s1, s2,
             half_D=half_D,
             Hq_=Hq, Hkv_=Hkv,
-            num_warps=2,
+            num_warps=4,
         )
 
         return out_q, out_k
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "            num_warps=2,",
  "newString": "            num_warps=4,"
}
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
Let me revert to num_warps=4 (best on benchmark) and make a few final refinements.
assistant
in 194out 140cache_r 124672cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "<5766 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Compare in-loop vs hoisted axis selection",
  "timeout": 120000
}
command (5766 chars — TRUNCATED)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && cat > /tmp/test_inline.py << 'PYEOF'
import torch, triton, triton.language as tl, time

# V1: axis mixing inside head loop (saves regs)
@triton.jit
def _mrope_inline(
    q_ptr, k_ptr, out_q_ptr, out_k_ptr, cos_ptr, sin_ptr,
    pt_ptr, ph_ptr, pw_ptr,
    sq_b,sq_t,sq_h,sk_b,sk_t,sk_h,soq_b,soq_h,soq_t,sok_b,sok_h,sok_t,
    B,T,D,s0,s1,s2,half_D:tl.constexpr,Hq_:tl.constexpr,Hkv_:tl.constexpr):
    b=tl.program_id(0); t=tl.program_id(1)
    po=b*T+t
    pt=tl.load(pt_ptr+po); ph=tl.load(ph_ptr+po); pw=tl.load(pw_ptr+po)
    do=tl.arange(0,half_D)
    cos_t=tl.load(cos_ptr+pt*D+do); sin_t=tl.load(sin_ptr+pt*D+do)
    cos_h=tl.load(cos_ptr+ph*D+do); sin_h=tl.load(sin_ptr+ph*D+do)
    cos_w=tl.load(cos_ptr+pw*D+do); sin_w=tl.load(sin_ptr+pw*D+do)
    cos_t2=tl.load(cos_ptr+pt*D+do+half_D); sin_t2=tl.load(sin_ptr+pt*D+do+half_D)
    cos_h2=tl.load(cos_ptr+ph*D+do+half_D); sin_h2=tl.load(sin_ptr+ph*D+do+half_D)
    cos_w2=tl.load(cos_ptr+pw*D+do+half_D); sin_w2=tl.load(sin_ptr+pw*D+do+half_D)
    is_t=do<s0; is_h=(do>=s0)&(do<(s0+s1))
    for h in range(Hq_):
        bx=b*sq_b+t*sq_t+h*sq_h; bo=b*soq_b+h*soq_h+t*soq_t
        x1=tl.load(q_ptr+bx+do); x2=tl.load(q_ptr+bx+do+half_D)
        c1=tl.where(is_t,cos_t,tl.where(is_h,cos_h,cos_w))
        s1v=tl.where(is_t,sin_t,tl.where(is_h,sin_h,sin_w))
        c2=tl.where(is_t,cos_t2,tl.where(is_h,cos_h2,cos_w2))
        s2v=tl.where(is_t,sin_t2,tl.where(is_h,sin_h2,sin_w2))
        o1=x1*c1+(-x2)*s1v; o2=x2*c2+x1*s2v
        tl.store(out_q_ptr+bo+do,o1); tl.store(out_q_ptr+bo+do+half_D,o2)
    for h in range(Hkv_):
        bx=b*sk_b+t*sk_t+h*sk_h; bo=b*sok_b+h*sok_h+t*sok_t
        x1=tl.load(k_ptr+bx+do); x2=tl.load(k_ptr+bx+do+half_D)
        c1=tl.where(is_t,cos_t,tl.where(is_h,cos_h,cos_w))
        s1v=tl.where(is_t,sin_t,tl.where(is_h,sin_h,sin_w))
        c2=tl.where(is_t,cos_t2,tl.where(is_h,cos_h2,cos_w2))
        s2v=tl.where(is_t,sin_t2,tl.where(is_h,sin_h2,sin_w2))
        o1=x1*c1+(-x2)*s1v; o2=x2*c2+x1*s2v
        tl.store(out_k_ptr+bo+do,o1); tl.store(out_k_ptr+bo+do+half_D,o2)

# V2: axis mixing outside head loop (current approach)
@triton.jit
def _mrope_outside(
    q_ptr, k_ptr, out_q_ptr, out_k_ptr, cos_ptr, sin_ptr,
    pt_ptr, ph_ptr, pw_ptr,
    sq_b,sq_t,sq_h,sk_b,sk_t,sk_h,soq_b,soq_h,soq_t,sok_b,sok_h,sok_t,
    B,T,D,s0,s1,s2,half_D:tl.constexpr,Hq_:tl.constexpr,Hkv_:tl.constexpr):
    b=tl.program_id(0); t=tl.program_id(1)
    po=b*T+t
    pt=tl.load(pt_ptr+po); ph=tl.load(ph_ptr+po); pw=tl.load(pw_ptr+po)
    do=tl.arange(0,half_D)
    cos_t=tl.load(cos_ptr+pt*D+do); sin_t=tl.load(sin_ptr+pt*D+do)
    cos_h=tl.load(cos_ptr+ph*D+do); sin_h=tl.load(sin_ptr+ph*D+do)
    cos_w=tl.load(cos_ptr+pw*D+do); sin_w=tl.load(sin_ptr+pw*D+do)
    cos_t2=tl.load(cos_ptr+pt*D+do+half_D); sin_t2=tl.load(sin_ptr+pt*D+do+half_D)
    cos_h2=tl.load(cos_ptr+ph*D+do+half_D); sin_h2=tl.load(sin_ptr+ph*D+do+half_D)
    cos_w2=tl.load(cos_ptr+pw*D+do+half_D); sin_w2=tl.load(sin_ptr+pw*D+do+half_D)
    is_t=do<s0; is_h=(do>=s0)&(do<(s0+s1))
    c1=tl.where(is_t,cos_t,tl.where(is_h,cos_h,cos_w))
    s1v=tl.where(is_t,sin_t,tl.where(is_h,sin_h,sin_w))
    c2=tl.where(is_t,cos_t2,tl.where(is_h,cos_h2,cos_w2))
    s2v=tl.where(is_t,sin_t2,tl.where(is_h,sin_h2,sin_w2))
    for h in range(Hq_):
        bx=b*sq_b+t*sq_t+h*sq_h; bo=b*soq_b+h*soq_h+t*soq_t
        x1=tl.load(q_ptr+bx+do); x2=tl.load(q_ptr+bx+do+half_D)
        o1=x1*c1+(-x2)*s1v; o2=x2*c2+x1*s2v
        tl.store(out_q_ptr+bo+do,o1); tl.store(out_q_ptr+bo+do+half_D,o2)
    for h in range(Hkv_):
        bx=b*sk_b+t*sk_t+h*sk_h; bo=b*sok_b+h*sok_h+t*sok_t
        x1=tl.load(k_ptr+bx+do); x2=tl.load(k_ptr+bx+do+half_D)
        o1=x1*c1+(-x2)*s1v; o2=x2*c2+x1*s2v
        tl.store(out_k_ptr+bo+do,o1); tl.store(out_k_ptr+bo+do+half_D,o2)

B,T,Hq,Hkv,D = 1,4096,32,8,128
s0,s1,s2 = 16,24,24
hD = D//2
q = torch.randn(B,T,Hq,D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda

... (1766 more chars)
tool
stdout (65 chars)
inline (in-loop axis): 0.071 ms
outside (hoisted axis): 0.072 ms
assistant
in 46out 2542cache_r 130816cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "<3697 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Test with memory hints",
  "timeout": 120000
}
command (3697 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && cp solution.py solution.py.bak && cat > /tmp/test_hints.py << 'PYEOF'
import torch, triton, triton.language as tl, time

# V3: With tl.max_contiguous / tl.multiple_of hints
@triton.jit
def _mrope_hints(
    q_ptr, k_ptr, out_q_ptr, out_k_ptr, cos_ptr, sin_ptr,
    pt_ptr, ph_ptr, pw_ptr,
    sq_b,sq_t,sq_h,sk_b,sk_t,sk_h,soq_b,soq_h,soq_t,sok_b,sok_h,sok_t,
    B,T,D,s0,s1,s2,half_D:tl.constexpr,Hq_:tl.constexpr,Hkv_:tl.constexpr):
    b=tl.program_id(0); t=tl.program_id(1)
    po=b*T+t
    pt=tl.load(pt_ptr+po); ph=tl.load(ph_ptr+po); pw=tl.load(pw_ptr+po)
    do=tl.arange(0,half_D)
    cos_t=tl.load(cos_ptr+pt*D+do); sin_t=tl.load(sin_ptr+pt*D+do)
    cos_h=tl.load(cos_ptr+ph*D+do); sin_h=tl.load(sin_ptr+ph*D+do)
    cos_w=tl.load(cos_ptr+pw*D+do); sin_w=tl.load(sin_ptr+pw*D+do)
    cos_t2=tl.load(cos_ptr+pt*D+do+half_D); sin_t2=tl.load(sin_ptr+pt*D+do+half_D)
    cos_h2=tl.load(cos_ptr+ph*D+do+half_D); sin_h2=tl.load(sin_ptr+ph*D+do+half_D)
    cos_w2=tl.load(cos_ptr+pw*D+do+half_D); sin_w2=tl.load(sin_ptr+pw*D+do+half_D)
    is_t=do<s0; is_h=(do>=s0)&(do<(s0+s1))
    c1=tl.where(is_t,cos_t,tl.where(is_h,cos_h,cos_w))
    s1v=tl.where(is_t,sin_t,tl.where(is_h,sin_h,sin_w))
    c2=tl.where(is_t,cos_t2,tl.where(is_h,cos_h2,cos_w2))
    s2v=tl.where(is_t,sin_t2,tl.where(is_h,sin_h2,sin_w2))
    for h in range(Hq_):
        bx=b*sq_b+t*sq_t+h*sq_h; bo=b*soq_b+h*soq_h+t*soq_t
        x1=tl.load(q_ptr+bx+do); x2=tl.load(q_ptr+bx+do+half_D)
        o1=x1*c1+(-x2)*s1v; o2=x2*c2+x1*s2v
        tl.store(out_q_ptr+bo+do,o1); tl.store(out_q_ptr+bo+do+half_D,o2)
    for h in range(Hkv_):
        bx=b*sk_b+t*sk_t+h*sk_h; bo=b*sok_b+h*sok_h+t*sok_t
        x1=tl.load(k_ptr+bx+do); x2=tl.load(k_ptr+bx+do+half_D)
        o1=x1*c1+(-x2)*s1v; o2=x2*c2+x1*s2v
        tl.store(out_k_ptr+bo+do,o1); tl.store(out_k_ptr+bo+do+half_D,o2)

B,T,Hq,Hkv,D = 1,4096,32,8,128
s0,s1,s2 = 16,24,24; hD=D//2
q=torch.randn(B,T,Hq,D,dtype=torch.bfloat16,device='cuda')*0.5
k=torch.randn(B,T,Hkv,D,dtype=torch.bfloat16,device='cuda')*0.5
pt=torch.randint(0,32768,(B,T),dtype=torch.int64,device='cuda')
ph=torch.randint(0,32768,(B,T),dtype=torch.int64,device='cuda')
pw=torch.randint(0,32768,(B,T),dtype=torch.int64,device='cuda')
cc=torch.empty(32768,D,dtype=torch.bfloat16,device='cuda').uniform_(-1,1)
sc=torch.empty(32768,D,dtype=torch.bfloat16,device='cuda').uniform_(-1,1)
oq=torch.empty(B,Hq,T,D,dtype=torch.bfloat16,device='cuda')
ok=torch.empty(B,Hkv,T,D,dtype=torch.bfloat16,device='cuda')
l2=torch.empty(128*1024*1024//4,dtype=torch.float32,device='cuda')

for nw in [2,4]:
    for _ in range(5):
        _mrope_hints[(B,T)](q,k,oq,ok,cc,sc,pt,ph,pw,
            q.stride(0),q.stride(1),q.stride(2),k.stride(0),k.stride(1),k.stride(2),
            oq.stride(0),oq.stride(1),oq.stride(2),ok.stride(0),ok.stride(1),ok.stride(2),
            B,T,D,s0,s1,s2,hD,Hq_=Hq,Hkv_=Hkv,num_warps=nw)
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    times=[]
    for _ in range(30):
        l2.zero_(); torch.cuda.synchronize()
        s=torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True); e=torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
        s.record()
        _mrope_hints[(B,T)](q,k,oq,ok,cc,sc,pt,ph,pw,
            q.stride(0),q.stride(1),q.stride(2),k.stride(0),k.stride(1),k.stride(2),
            oq.stride(0),oq.stride(1),oq.stride(2),ok.stride(0),ok.stride(1),ok.stride(2),
            B,T,D,s0,s1,s2,hD,Hq_=Hq,Hkv_=Hkv,num_warps=nw)
        e.record(); torch.cuda.synchronize()
        times.append(s.elapsed_time(e))
    med=sorted(times)[len(times)//2]
    print(f'hints kernel num_warps={nw}: {med:.3f} ms')
PYEOF
uv run python /tmp/test_hints.py 2>&1
tool
stdout (70 chars)
hints kernel num_warps=2: 0.059 ms
hints kernel num_warps=4: 0.072 ms
assistant
in 66out 1663cache_r 133504cache_w 0
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (7037 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Multi-axis RoPE pre-attention prep fused kernel (Triton).
2: 
3: Fuses gather + per-axis mixing + rotate-half + transpose into a single
4: kernel with direct (B, H, T, D) output.
5: 
6: Key optimization:
7: - Group by (batch, time): one program loads all 6 cos/sin rows once and
8:   processes ALL heads at that (b,t). Eliminates H_total-way redundant
9:   cos/sin cache reads — the main bandwidth bottleneck.
10: - Process head_dim in two halves to avoid double-loading q/k.
11: - All rotation ops are element-local, no cross-thread communication.
12: """
13: import torch
14: import torch.nn as nn
15: import triton
16: import triton.language as tl
17: 
18: OP_TYPE = "rope"
19: SUPPORTED_PRECISIONS = ["bf16"]
20: HARDWARE_REQUIRED = ["RTX_PRO_6000"]
21: 
22: 
23: @triton.jit
24: def _mrope_kernel(
25:     q_ptr, k_ptr, out_q_ptr, out_k_ptr,
26:     cos_cache_ptr, sin_cache_ptr,
27:     pos_t_ptr, pos_h_ptr, pos_w_ptr,
28:     stride_q_b, stride_q_t, stride_q_h,
29:     stride_k_b, stride_k_t, stride_k_h,
30:     stride_out_q_b, stride_out_q_h, stride_out_q_t,
31:     stride_out_k_b, stride_out_k_h, stride_out_k_t,
32:     B, T, D,
33:     s0, s1, s2,
34:     half_D: tl.constexpr,
35:     Hq_: tl.constexpr,
36:     Hkv_: tl.constexpr,
37: ):
38:     b = tl.program_id(0)
39:     t = tl.program_id(1)
40: 
41:     # --- Load position IDs once per (b, t) ---
42

... (5537 more chars)
assistant
Let me update the solution to use the boolean mask approach (smaller register footprint) and test both num_warps values with benchmark.py:
assistant
in 87out 98cache_r 137216cache_w 0
assistant
edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (20 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -62,11 +62,12 @@
     sin_w_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs + half_D)
 
     # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
-    axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, 0, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, 1, 2))
-    cos_first = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h, cos_w))
-    sin_first = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h, sin_w))
-    cos_second = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
-    sin_second = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
+    is_t = d_offs < s0
+    is_h = (d_offs < s0 + s1) & (d_offs >= s0)
+    cos_first = tl.where(is_t, cos_t, tl.where(is_h, cos_h, cos_w))
+    sin_first = tl.where(is_t, sin_t, tl.where(is_h, sin_h, sin_w))
+    cos_second = tl.where(is_t, cos_t_2, tl.where(is_h, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
+    sin_second = tl.where(is_t, sin_t_2, tl.where(is_h, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
 
     # --- Process all q heads ---
     for h in range(Hq_):
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "<433 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "newString": "<393 chars \u2014 see below>"
}
oldString (433 chars)
    # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
    axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, 0, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, 1, 2))
    cos_first = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h, cos_w))
    sin_first = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h, sin_w))
    cos_second = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
    sin_second = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
newString (393 chars)
    # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
    is_t = d_offs < s0
    is_h = (d_offs < s0 + s1) & (d_offs >= s0)
    cos_first = tl.where(is_t, cos_t, tl.where(is_h, cos_h, cos_w))
    sin_first = tl.where(is_t, sin_t, tl.where(is_h, sin_h, sin_w))
    cos_second = tl.where(is_t, cos_t_2, tl.where(is_h, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
    sin_second = tl.where(is_t, sin_t_2, tl.where(is_h, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
in 2588out 424cache_r 137728cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run check.py 2>&1 && for nw in 2 4; do sed -i \"s/num_warps=[0-9]\\+/num_warps=$nw/\" solution.py && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1 | grep -E \"shape=|solution_peak|peak_fraction\"; done",
  "description": "Benchmark both num_warps=2 and num_warps=4",
  "timeout": 600000
}
tool
stdout (1774 chars) — TRUNCATED
PASS
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.200 gbps=286.641 ms=0.315
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.569 gbps=817.006 ms=0.110
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.756 gbps=1084.629 ms=0.083
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.6026
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.191 gbps=279.394 ms=0.526
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.530 gbps=773.865 ms=0.190
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.797 gbps=1164.427 ms=0.126
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.6469
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.097 gbps=151.513 ms=0.146
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.226 gbps=352.743 ms=0.063
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.450 gbps=703.511 ms=0.031
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.3908
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.178 gbps=254.717 ms=1.418
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.485 gbps=696.637 ms=0.518
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.878 gbps=1259.148 ms=0.287
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6995
peak_fraction: 0.5714
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.200 gbps=287.503 ms=0.314
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.568 gbps=814.529 ms=0.111
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.683 gbps=980.407 ms=0.092
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5447
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.191 gbps=279.004 ms=0.527
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.530 gbps=773.539 ms=0.190
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.766 gbps=1118.224 ms=0.131
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.6212
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.097 gbps=151.729 ms=0.146
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.227 gbps=354.098 ms=0.062
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.477 gbps=745.229 ms=0.030
sh

... (274 more chars)
assistant
in 37out 188cache_r 140800cache_w 0
assistant
edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (20 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -62,12 +62,11 @@
     sin_w_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs + half_D)
 
     # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
-    is_t = d_offs < s0
-    is_h = (d_offs < s0 + s1) & (d_offs >= s0)
-    cos_first = tl.where(is_t, cos_t, tl.where(is_h, cos_h, cos_w))
-    sin_first = tl.where(is_t, sin_t, tl.where(is_h, sin_h, sin_w))
-    cos_second = tl.where(is_t, cos_t_2, tl.where(is_h, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
-    sin_second = tl.where(is_t, sin_t_2, tl.where(is_h, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
+    axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, 0, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, 1, 2))
+    cos_first = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h, cos_w))
+    sin_first = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h, sin_w))
+    cos_second = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
+    sin_second = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
 
     # --- Process all q heads ---
     for h in range(Hq_):
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "<393 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "newString": "<433 chars \u2014 see below>"
}
oldString (393 chars)
    # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
    is_t = d_offs < s0
    is_h = (d_offs < s0 + s1) & (d_offs >= s0)
    cos_first = tl.where(is_t, cos_t, tl.where(is_h, cos_h, cos_w))
    sin_first = tl.where(is_t, sin_t, tl.where(is_h, sin_h, sin_w))
    cos_second = tl.where(is_t, cos_t_2, tl.where(is_h, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
    sin_second = tl.where(is_t, sin_t_2, tl.where(is_h, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
newString (433 chars)
    # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
    axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, 0, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, 1, 2))
    cos_first = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h, cos_w))
    sin_first = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h, sin_w))
    cos_second = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
    sin_second = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
The simplified boolean approach is slower. Let me restore the original nested tl.where approach and num_warps=4.
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in 880out 447cache_r 140928cache_w 0
assistant
edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (3 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-            num_warps=2,+            num_warps=4,
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "            num_warps=2,",
  "newString": "            num_warps=4,"
}
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in 53out 118cache_r 143488cache_w 0
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bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && grep -n \"num_warps\" solution.py",
  "description": "Check current num_warps value"
}
tool
stdout (29 chars)
142:            num_warps=4,
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in 111out 101cache_r 143872cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run check.py 2>&1 && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Final benchmark with restored axis code + num_warps=4",
  "timeout": 300000
}
tool
stdout (900 chars)
PASS
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.200 gbps=286.947 ms=0.315
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.566 gbps=812.652 ms=0.111
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.681 gbps=977.011 ms=0.092
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5428
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.191 gbps=279.641 ms=0.526
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.534 gbps=779.380 ms=0.189
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.766 gbps=1117.952 ms=0.131
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.6211
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.097 gbps=151.181 ms=0.146
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.231 gbps=361.034 ms=0.061
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.484 gbps=756.650 ms=0.029
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.4204
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.175 gbps=251.754 ms=1.434
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.486 gbps=696.766 ms=0.518
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.861 gbps=1235.031 ms=0.292
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6861
peak_fraction: 0.5584
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 131out 131cache_r 144000cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && for i in 1 2 3; do echo \"=== Run $i ===\" && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1 | grep -E \"shape=.*solution|peak_fraction\"; done",
  "description": "Run benchmark 3 times for consistency",
  "timeout": 600000
}
tool
stdout (1290 chars)
=== Run 1 ===
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.683 gbps=979.726 ms=0.092
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5443
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.763 gbps=1114.561 ms=0.132
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.6192
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.479 gbps=748.052 ms=0.030
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.4156
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.863 gbps=1238.828 ms=0.291
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6882
peak_fraction: 0.5572
=== Run 2 ===
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.678 gbps=972.465 ms=0.093
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5403
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.765 gbps=1116.593 ms=0.132
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.6203
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.473 gbps=739.647 ms=0.030
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.4109
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.864 gbps=1239.848 ms=0.291
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6888
peak_fraction: 0.5550
=== Run 3 ===
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.680 gbps=975.997 ms=0.092
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5422
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.765 gbps=1116.729 ms=0.132
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.6204
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.472 gbps=736.887 ms=0.030
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.4094
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.863 gbps=1238.556 ms=0.292
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6881
peak_fraction: 0.5548
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in 491out 151cache_r 144384cache_w 0
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bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && git log --oneline -5 -- solution.py 2>/dev/null; echo \"---\"; git diff HEAD -- solution.py 2>/dev/null | head -80",
  "description": "Check git history for solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (4 chars)
---
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in 645out 124cache_r 145024cache_w 0
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bash
args
{
  "command": "diff /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py.bak /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py 2>/dev/null || echo \"no backup\"",
  "description": "Compare with backup"
}
tool
stdout (11 chars)
(no output)
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in 57out 128cache_r 145920cache_w 0
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bash
args
{
  "command": "nvidia-smi --query-gpu=temperature.gpu,clocks.current.sm,clocks.current.memory,power.draw --format=csv,noheader 2>&1",
  "description": "Check GPU state"
}
tool
stdout (29 chars)
29, 180 MHz, 405 MHz, 6.85 W
assistant
in 92out 98cache_r 146048cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "<1364 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Manual benchmark to verify",
  "timeout": 120000
}
command (1364 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run python -c "
from solution import Model, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS
import torch
m = Model(1, 4096, 32, 8, 128, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS).cuda().eval()
q = torch.randn(1, 4096, 32, 128, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(1, 4096, 8, 128, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pos_t = torch.randint(0, 32768, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_h = torch.randint(0, 32768, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pos_w = torch.randint(0, 32768, (1, 4096), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
l2 = torch.empty(128*1024*1024//4, dtype=torch.float32, device='cuda')

# Warmup
for _ in range(10):
    m(q,k,pos_t,pos_h,pos_w)
torch.cuda.synchronize()

# Measured with L2 flush
import time
times = []
for _ in range(30):
    l2.zero_()
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    s = torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
    e = torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
    s.record()
    m(q,k,pos_t,pos_h,pos_w)
    e.record()
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    times.append(s.elapsed_time(e))
med = sorted(times)[len(times)//2]
print(f'Manual benchmark (with L2 flush): {med:.3f} ms')

B_bytes = 4 * 1 * 4096 * 40 * 128 + 12 * 1 * 4096 * 128 + 24 * 1 * 4096
gbps = B_bytes / med / 1e6
print(f'GB/s: {gbps:.1f}')
print(f'Peak fraction: {gbps/1800*100:.1f}%')
" 2>&1
tool
stdout (77 chars)
Manual benchmark (with L2 flush): 0.088 ms
GB/s: 1030.4
Peak fraction: 57.2%
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in 109out 619cache_r 146944cache_w 0
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read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "offset": 55,
  "limit": 45
}
tool
stdout (2497 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
55:     sin_w = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs)
56: 
57:     cos_t_2 = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pt * D + d_offs + half_D)
58:     sin_t_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pt * D + d_offs + half_D)
59:     cos_h_2 = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + ph * D + d_offs + half_D)
60:     sin_h_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + ph * D + d_offs + half_D)
61:     cos_w_2 = tl.load(cos_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs + half_D)
62:     sin_w_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs + half_D)
63: 
64:     # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
65:     axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, 0, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, 1, 2))
66:     cos_first = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h, cos_w))
67:     sin_first = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h, sin_w))
68:     cos_second = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
69:     sin_second = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
70: 
71:     # --- Process all q heads ---
72:     for h in range(Hq_):
73:         base_x = b * stride_q_b + t * stride_q_t + h * stride_q_h
74:         x_first = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs)
75:         x_second = tl.load(q_ptr + base_x + d_offs + half_D)
76: 
77:         out_first = x_first * cos_first + (-x_second) * sin_first
78:         out_second = x_second * cos_second + x_first * sin_second
79: 
80:         base_out = b * stride

... (997 more chars)
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in 162out 102cache_r 147712cache_w 0
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edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (20 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -62,11 +62,12 @@
     sin_w_2 = tl.load(sin_cache_ptr + pw * D + d_offs + half_D)
 
     # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
-    axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, 0, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, 1, 2))
-    cos_first = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h, cos_w))
-    sin_first = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h, sin_w))
-    cos_second = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
-    sin_second = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
+    is_t = d_offs < s0
+    is_h = (d_offs >= s0) & (d_offs < s0 + s1)
+    cos_first = tl.where(is_t, cos_t, tl.where(is_h, cos_h, cos_w))
+    sin_first = tl.where(is_t, sin_t, tl.where(is_h, sin_h, sin_w))
+    cos_second = tl.where(is_t, cos_t_2, tl.where(is_h, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
+    sin_second = tl.where(is_t, sin_t_2, tl.where(is_h, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
 
     # --- Process all q heads ---
     for h in range(Hq_):
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "<433 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "newString": "<393 chars \u2014 see below>"
}
oldString (433 chars)
    # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
    axis = tl.where(d_offs < s0, 0, tl.where(d_offs < s0 + s1, 1, 2))
    cos_first = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h, cos_w))
    sin_first = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h, sin_w))
    cos_second = tl.where(axis == 0, cos_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
    sin_second = tl.where(axis == 0, sin_t_2, tl.where(axis == 1, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
newString (393 chars)
    # --- Per-element axis mixing ---
    is_t = d_offs < s0
    is_h = (d_offs >= s0) & (d_offs < s0 + s1)
    cos_first = tl.where(is_t, cos_t, tl.where(is_h, cos_h, cos_w))
    sin_first = tl.where(is_t, sin_t, tl.where(is_h, sin_h, sin_w))
    cos_second = tl.where(is_t, cos_t_2, tl.where(is_h, cos_h_2, cos_w_2))
    sin_second = tl.where(is_t, sin_t_2, tl.where(is_h, sin_h_2, sin_w_2))
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
in 929out 424cache_r 149248cache_w 0
assistant
edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (11 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
             s0, s1, s2,
             half_D=half_D,
             Hq_=Hq, Hkv_=Hkv,
-            num_warps=4,
+            num_warps=2,
         )
 
         return out_q, out_k
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "            num_warps=4,",
  "newString": "            num_warps=2,"
}
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
in 22out 118cache_r 155520cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run check.py 2>&1 && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Final benchmark with boolean+num_warps=2",
  "timeout": 300000
}
tool
stdout (901 chars)
PASS
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.200 gbps=287.605 ms=0.314
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.565 gbps=811.249 ms=0.111
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.754 gbps=1081.510 ms=0.083
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.6008
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.191 gbps=279.437 ms=0.526
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.526 gbps=767.979 ms=0.191
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.798 gbps=1165.165 ms=0.126
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.6473
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.096 gbps=150.769 ms=0.147
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.226 gbps=353.194 ms=0.063
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.454 gbps=708.923 ms=0.031
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.3938
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.177 gbps=254.536 ms=1.419
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.486 gbps=696.939 ms=0.518
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.877 gbps=1258.867 ms=0.287
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6994
peak_fraction: 0.5721
RESULT: OK
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todowrite
args
{
  "todos": [
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Check correctness with python check.py",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Profile and optimize iteratively",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "conte

... (72 more chars)
tool
stdout (457 chars)
content: 'Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Check correctness with python check.py'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Profile and optimize iteratively'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Benchmark and finalize'
status: 'in_progress'
priority: 'high'
assistant
in 430out 151cache_r 155776cache_w 0
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bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard && uv run ruff check problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py --fix 2>&1",
  "description": "Lint solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (19 chars)
All checks passed!
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in 202out 100cache_r 156672cache_w 0
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bash
args
{
  "command": "rm -f /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py.bak /tmp/test_nw.py /tmp/test_inline.py /tmp/test_hints.py",
  "description": "Clean up temp files"
}
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in 89out 111cache_r 156928cache_w 0
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read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (7002 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Multi-axis RoPE pre-attention prep fused kernel (Triton).
2: 
3: Fuses gather + per-axis mixing + rotate-half + transpose into a single
4: kernel with direct (B, H, T, D) output.
5: 
6: Key optimization:
7: - Group by (batch, time): one program loads all 6 cos/sin rows once and
8:   processes ALL heads at that (b,t). Eliminates H_total-way redundant
9:   cos/sin cache reads — the main bandwidth bottleneck.
10: - Process head_dim in two halves to avoid double-loading q/k.
11: - All rotation ops are element-local, no cross-thread communication.
12: """
13: import torch
14: import torch.nn as nn
15: import triton
16: import triton.language as tl
17: 
18: OP_TYPE = "rope"
19: SUPPORTED_PRECISIONS = ["bf16"]
20: HARDWARE_REQUIRED = ["RTX_PRO_6000"]
21: 
22: 
23: @triton.jit
24: def _mrope_kernel(
25:     q_ptr, k_ptr, out_q_ptr, out_k_ptr,
26:     cos_cache_ptr, sin_cache_ptr,
27:     pos_t_ptr, pos_h_ptr, pos_w_ptr,
28:     stride_q_b, stride_q_t, stride_q_h,
29:     stride_k_b, stride_k_t, stride_k_h,
30:     stride_out_q_b, stride_out_q_h, stride_out_q_t,
31:     stride_out_k_b, stride_out_k_h, stride_out_k_t,
32:     B, T, D,
33:     s0, s1, s2,
34:     half_D: tl.constexpr,
35:     Hq_: tl.constexpr,
36:     Hkv_: tl.constexpr,
37: ):
38:     b = tl.program_id(0)
39:     t = tl.program_id(1)
40: 
41:     # --- Load position IDs once per (b, t) ---
42

... (5502 more chars)
assistant
Let me do one final verification with the final solution:
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in 1629out 80cache_r 157056cache_w 0
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bash
args
{
  "command": "cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && cat framework.txt 2>/dev/null && echo \"---\" && grep -c \"triton\" solution.py && echo \"triton references found\"",
  "description": "Verify framework label"
}
tool
stdout (37 chars)
triton
---
3
triton references found
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bash
args
{
  "command": "<592 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Verify no forbidden ops"
}
command (592 chars)
cd /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope && uv run python -c "
# Verify forbidden ops are not present
import re
src = open('solution.py').read()
forbidden = [
    'transformers.models.qwen2_vl.modeling_qwen2_vl.apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb',
    'apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb',
    'flash_attn.layers.rotary',
    'flashinfer.rope',
    'flashinfer.apply_rope',
]
for f in forbidden:
    if re.search(re.escape(f), src):
        print(f'FAIL: forbidden: {f}')
        exit(1)
print('No forbidden ops found')
print(f'Lines: {len(src.splitlines())}')
" 2>&1
tool
stdout (34 chars)
No forbidden ops found
Lines: 169
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todowrite
args
{
  "todos": [
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Check correctness with python check.py",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "content": "Profile and optimize iteratively",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "priority": "high",
      "conte

... (70 more chars)
tool
stdout (455 chars)
content: 'Read reference.py, solution.py, check.py, benchmark.py, and problem.yaml'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Implement baseline Triton kernel for mRoPE prep'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Check correctness with python check.py'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Profile and optimize iteratively'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Benchmark and finalize'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
assistant
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Done. Here's the final result: **Performance summary** | Shape | Solution (GB/s) | Compiled Ref (GB/s) | Speedup | |-------|-----------------|---------------------|---------| | B=1 T=4096 Hq=32 Hkv=8 D=128 | 1,082 | 811 | 1.33× | | B=1 T=8192 Hq=28 Hkv=4 D=128 | 1,165 | 768 | 1.52× | | B=2 T=2048 Hq=16 Hkv=2 D=64 | 709 | 353 | 2.01× | | B=1 T=16384 Hq=32 Hkv=8 D=128 | 1,259 | 697 | 1.81× | **Peak fraction**: 0.5721 (geomean across 4 shapes) **Framework**: Triton **Key optimizations**: 1. **Group by (batch, time)** — one kernel program per `(b, t)` loads all 6 cos/sin rows once, then iterates over all heads. Eliminated H_total-way redundant cos/sin cache reads (the main bandwidth bottleneck) 2. **Process head_dim in halves** — each thread loads one element from each half of D, making rotate_half element-local with zero cross-thread communication and zero double-loading of q/k 3. **Combined q/k grid** — single kernel launch handles all query and key heads via a `tl.where` branch (uniform within warps)
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