./kernelbenchhardv3runsopencode · ?
opencode / ? session: ses_1fc102f34ffeBeSRavZf6Gw566 cwd: ?
INCOMPLETE SESSION. hit wall-clock budget (SIGTERM). The transcript below is usable but may be missing the agent's final tool calls or summary. Don't score this run as a clean failure or success.
harness
opencode
model
?
turns
143
tools called
64
events
205
input toks
264,558
output toks
36,580
cache hit
5,345,792
solution.py
final answer
benchmark.log
check.log
result.json
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_CUDA_SRC = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda_bf16.h>
#include <cstdint>

__global__ void __launch_bounds__(256)
mrope_direct(
    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_in,
    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_in,
    __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_out,
    __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_out,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_t,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_h,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_w,
    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ cos_cache,
    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ sin_cache,
    const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D,
    const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
) {
    const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / 32;
    const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % 32;
    const int rows_per_block = blockDim.x / 32;
    const int row = blockIdx.x * rows_per_block + warp_id;

    if (row >= B * Hq * T) return;

    const int bt = row / Hq;
    const int h  = row % Hq;
    const int b  = bt / T;
    const int t  = bt % T;
    const int half_D = D >> 1;
    const int ept = D / 32;

    const int d_base = lane_id * ept;
    const int64_t bt_idx = (int64_t)b * T + t;
    const int64_t q_in_off  = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
    const int64_t q_out_off = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;

    // Precompute axis and pos for each d
    float cos_v[4], sin_v[4];
    #pragma unroll
    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
        const int d = d_base + i;
        const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
        int64_t pos;
        if (d_mod < s0)           pos = __ldg(&pos_t[bt_idx]);
        else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = __ldg(&pos_h[bt_idx]);
        else                       pos = __ldg(&pos_w[bt_idx]);
        cos_v[i] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&cos_cache[pos * D + d]));
        sin_v[i] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&sin_cache[pos * D + d]));
    }

    // Process q
    #pragma unroll
    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
        const int d = d_base + i;
        const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[q_in_off + d]));
        const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
        const float pval = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[q_in_off + pd]));
        const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;
        const float res = x_val * cos_v[i] + rh * sin_v[i];
        q_out[q_out_off + d] = __float2bfloat16(res);
    }

    // Process k
    if (h < Hkv) {
        const int64_t k_in_off  = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
        const int64_t k_out_off = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;

        #pragma unroll
        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
            const int d = d_base + i;
            const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[k_in_off + d]));
            const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
            const float pval = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[k_in_off + pd]));
            const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;
            const float res = x_val * cos_v[i] + rh * sin_v[i];
            k_out[k_out_off + d] = __float2bfloat16(res);
        }
    }
}

void mrope_direct_forward(
    torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
    torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
    int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
) {
    const int rows_per_block = 256 / 32;
    const int total_rows = B * Hq * T;
    const int grid = (total_rows + rows_per_block - 1) / rows_per_block;

    mrope_direct<<<grid, 256>>>(
        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(q_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(k_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(q_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(k_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        pos_t.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
        pos_h.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
        pos_w.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(cos_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(sin_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2
    );
}
"""

_CPP_DECL = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cstdint>
void mrope_direct_forward(
    torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
    torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
    int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
"""

_mod = None

def _get_mod():
    global _mod
    if _mod is None:
        _mod = load_inline(
            name="mrope_direct_v2",
            cpp_sources=_CPP_DECL,
            cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
            functions=["mrope_direct_forward"],
            extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
            verbose=False,
        )
    return _mod


OP_TYPE = "rope"
SUPPORTED_PRECISIONS = ["bf16"]
HARDWARE_REQUIRED = ["RTX_PRO_6000"]


def _build_inv_freq(D, base=10000.0):
    return 1.0 / (base ** (torch.arange(0, D, 2, dtype=torch.float32) / D))


class Model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, mrope_section, max_pos):
        super().__init__()
        assert sum(mrope_section) == D // 2
        self.B, self.T = B, T
        self.Hq, self.Hkv, self.D = Hq, Hkv, D
        self.mrope_section = tuple(mrope_section)
        self.max_pos = max_pos

        inv_freq = _build_inv_freq(D)
        pos = torch.arange(max_pos, dtype=torch.float32)
        freqs = torch.outer(pos, inv_freq)
        emb = torch.cat([freqs, freqs], dim=-1)
        self.register_buffer("cos_cache", emb.cos().to(torch.bfloat16))
        self.register_buffer("sin_cache", emb.sin().to(torch.bfloat16))

    def forward(self, q, k, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w):
        B, T, Hq, D = q.shape
        Hkv = k.shape[2]
        s0, s1, s2 = self.mrope_section

        q_out = torch.empty(B, Hq, T, D, dtype=q.dtype, device=q.device)
        k_out = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=k.dtype, device=k.device)

        mod = _get_mod()
        mod.mrope_direct_forward(q, k, q_out, k_out,
                                 pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
                                 self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
                                 B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2)

        return q_out, k_out


B = 1
T = 4096
Hq = 32
Hkv = 8
D = 128
MROPE_SECTION = (16, 24, 24)
MAX_POS = 32768


def get_inputs():
    q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16) * 0.5
    k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16) * 0.5
    pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
    pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
    pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
    return [q, k, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w]


def get_init_inputs():
    return [B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS]
The 1D grid approach was better (52% vs 47%). Let me go back to it:
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.183 gbps=262.113 ms=0.344
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.507 gbps=727.562 ms=0.124
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.649 gbps=930.756 ms=0.097
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5171
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.211 gbps=308.527 ms=0.476
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.481 gbps=702.664 ms=0.209
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.691 gbps=1008.820 ms=0.146
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.5605
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.074 gbps=115.915 ms=0.191
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.166 gbps=259.459 ms=0.085
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.421 gbps=657.034 ms=0.034
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.3650
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.173 gbps=248.065 ms=1.456
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.470 gbps=675.030 ms=0.535
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.844 gbps=1210.392 ms=0.298
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6724
peak_fraction: 0.5164
RESULT: OK
PASS
{
    "problem": "09_fmha_preattn_mrope",
    "harness": "opencode",
    "model": "openrouter-pinned/xiaomi/mimo-v2.5-pro",
    "reasoning_effort": "",
    "has_solution": true,
    "correct": true,
    "peak_fraction": 0.5164,
    "elapsed_seconds": 2700,
    "harness_exit_code": 124,
    "session_complete": false,
    "usage": {"input_tokens": 264558, "output_tokens": 36580, "cache_read_tokens": 5345792, "cache_creation_tokens": 0, "reasoning_tokens": 104685, "total_cost_usd": null}
}

timeline (205 events)

assistant
todowrite
args
{
  "todos": [
    {
      "content": "Read reference.py, check.py, benchmark.py, problem.yaml to understand the op",
      "status": "in_progress",
      "priority": "high"
    },
    {
      "content": "Read and understand the mRoPE math from transformers Qwen2-VL",
      "status": "pending",
      "priority": "high"
    },
    {
      "content": "Implement initial fused CUDA kernel in solution.py",
      "status": "pending",
      "priority": "high"
    },
    {
      "content": "Verify correctness with check.py",
      "status": "pending",
      "priority": "high"
    },
    {
      "conte

... (229 more chars)
tool
stdout (575 chars)
content: 'Read reference.py, check.py, benchmark.py, problem.yaml to understand the op'
status: 'in_progress'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Read and understand the mRoPE math from transformers Qwen2-VL'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Implement initial fused CUDA kernel in solution.py'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Verify correctness with check.py'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Profile with ncu/nsys and optimize'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'medium'
content: 'Benchmark and squeeze performance'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'medium'
assistant
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read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/reference.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/reference.py"
}
tool
stdout (4884 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/reference.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Naive multi-axis RoPE pre-attention reference (correctness only).
2: 
3: Mirrors the Qwen2-VL apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb semantics: three position
4: axes (temporal, height, width), each contributing a slice of the head_dim via
5: mrope_section. Standard rotate-half on q and k once per-axis cos/sin have been
6: mixed.
7: 
8: Layout convention:
9:   q: (B, T, Hq, D)   bf16
10:   k: (B, T, Hkv, D)  bf16
11:   pos_t, pos_h, pos_w: (B, T) int64
12: 
13: Output: q_rot, k_rot in (B, H, T, D) — i.e. the layout an attention kernel
14: expects (head dim second). The transpose is part of the "pre-attention prep".
15: """
16: import torch
17: import torch.nn as nn
18: 
19: OP_TYPE = "rope"
20: SUPPORTED_PRECISIONS = ["bf16"]
21: HARDWARE_REQUIRED = ["RTX_PRO_6000"]
22: 
23: 
24: def _build_inv_freq(D: int, base: float = 10000.0) -> torch.Tensor:
25:     return 1.0 / (base ** (torch.arange(0, D, 2, dtype=torch.float32) / D))
26: 
27: 
28: def _rotate_half(x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
29:     half = x.shape[-1] // 2
30:     return torch.cat((-x[..., half:], x[..., :half]), dim=-1)
31: 
32: 
33: class Model(nn.Module):
34:     def __init__(self, B: int, T: int, Hq: int, Hkv: int, D: int,
35:                  mrope_section: tuple[int, int, int], max_pos: int):
36:         super().__init__()
37:         assert sum(mrope_section) == D // 2, \
38:          

... (3384 more chars)
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py"
}
tool
stdout (5019 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Correctness runner for multi-axis RoPE pre-attention prep.
2: 
3: Runs solution.Model vs reference.Model across all shapes in shapes.py, 3 seeds
4: each, with per-dtype atol/rtol. Also rejects forbidden ops by grep.
5: """
6: import re
7: import sys
8: from pathlib import Path
9: 
10: import torch
11: import yaml
12: 
13: # Make the repo's src/ importable
14: REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
15: sys.path.insert(0, str(REPO_ROOT))
16: 
17: from src.eval.correctness import check_correctness  # noqa: E402
18: 
19: 
20: def main():
21:     try:
22:         import reference
23:         import shapes
24:         import solution
25:     except Exception as e:
26:         print(f"FAIL: import error: {e}")
27:         sys.exit(1)
28: 
29:     problem_yaml = Path("problem.yaml")
30:     meta = yaml.safe_load(problem_yaml.read_text()) if problem_yaml.exists() else {}
31: 
32:     # --- Forbidden-op check ------------------------------------------------
33:     sol_src = Path("solution.py").read_text() if Path("solution.py").exists() else ""
34:     for forbidden in meta.get("forbidden", []):
35:         pat = re.escape(forbidden)
36:         if re.search(pat, sol_src):
37:             print(f"FAIL: forbidden op used: {forbidden}")
38:             sys.exit(1)
39: 
40:     device = torch.device("cuda:0")
41:     tol_override = meta.get("tolerance") or

... (3519 more chars)
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/benchmark.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/benchmark.py"
}
tool
stdout (5466 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/benchmark.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Roofline benchmark for multi-axis RoPE pre-attention prep.
2: 
3: For each shape: times eager reference, compiled reference, SOTA (if available),
4: and the agent's solution. Reports achieved TFLOPS, GB/s, and peak_fraction.
5: 
6: Output lines the harness picks up:
7:   shape=<idx> variant=<name> tflops=<N> gbps=<N> ms=<N>
8:   peak_fraction: <N>  (geomean over shapes of solution's peak_fraction)
9: """
10: import sys
11: from math import exp, log
12: from pathlib import Path
13: 
14: import torch
15: import yaml
16: 
17: REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
18: sys.path.insert(0, str(REPO_ROOT))
19: 
20: from src.eval.roofline import compute_gbps, compute_tflops, peak_fraction  # noqa: E402
21: from src.eval.timing import time_fn  # noqa: E402
22: from src.hardware import get as get_hw  # noqa: E402
23: 
24: 
25: def _eval_formula(expr: str, vars: dict) -> float:
26:     # Very small eval: only names from `vars` are valid.
27:     return float(eval(expr, {"__builtins__": {}}, vars))
28: 
29: 
30: def main():
31:     import reference
32:     import shapes
33:     import solution
34: 
35:     meta = yaml.safe_load(Path("problem.yaml").read_text())
36:     hw = get_hw(meta["hardware"][0])
37:     peak_tflops = hw.peak_tflops_dense.get(meta["peak_tflops_key"], 0.0)
38:     peak_gbps = hw.peak_bandwidth_gb_s
39:     regime = meta.get("regime

... (3966 more chars)
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/problem.yaml
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/problem.yaml"
}
tool
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<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/problem.yaml</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: name: 09_fmha_preattn_mrope
2: display_name: "Multi-axis RoPE Pre-attention Prep"
3: precision: bf16
4: regime: memory  # pointwise rotation + cache gather; bandwidth-bound
5: 
6: # FLOPs per call: rotate-half on q and k.
7: # Per element: out = a*cos + b*sin -> 3 flops/elem (1 mul + 1 mul + 1 add).
8: # We do this on q ((B*T*Hq*D) elems) and k ((B*T*Hkv*D) elems).
9: flops_formula: "3 * B * T * (Hq + Hkv) * D"
10: 
11: # Bytes moved (lower bound):
12: #   read q, k:                  2 * B*T*(Hq+Hkv)*D
13: #   read 3 position id arrays:  3 * B*T*8        (int64)
14: #   read cos/sin from cache:    6 * B*T*D*2      (3 axes, 2 caches, bf16)
15: #   write q_rot, k_rot:         2 * B*T*(Hq+Hkv)*D
16: bytes_formula: "4 * B * T * (Hq + Hkv) * D + 12 * B * T * D + 24 * B * T"
17: 
18: hardware: [RTX_PRO_6000]
19: peak_tflops_key: bf16    # informational; regime=memory uses bandwidth
20: peak_bandwidth_key: dram
21: 
22: tolerance:
23:   bfloat16: 0.02
24: 
25: # Forbidden ops -- agent must implement the gather + per-axis mix + rotation.
26: # Banning vendor mRoPE entry points and obvious shortcuts.
27: forbidden:
28:   - "transformers.models.qwen2_vl.modeling_qwen2_vl.apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb"
29:   - "apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb"
30:   - "flash_attn.layers.rotary"
31:   - "flashinfer.rope"
32:   - "flashinfer.apply_rope"
33: 
34: sota:
35:   name:

... (284 more chars)
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/shapes.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/shapes.py"
}
tool
stdout (1187 chars)
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/shapes.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Canonical shape sweep for multi-axis RoPE pre-attention.
2: 
3: Sized for Qwen2-VL-style vision-language inference: long T, GQA, mrope_section
4: splitting D/2 across temporal/height/width axes. Mix of base, long-context,
5: small-head-dim, and very-long-context.
6: """
7: 
8: SHAPES = [
9:     # Qwen2-VL base: T=4k, head_dim=128, GQA 32:8, mrope [16,24,24]
10:     {"B": 1, "T": 4096,  "Hq": 32, "Hkv": 8, "D": 128,
11:      "mrope_section": (16, 24, 24), "max_pos": 32768},
12: 
13:     # Qwen2-VL 7B-style long context, narrower kv heads
14:     {"B": 1, "T": 8192,  "Hq": 28, "Hkv": 4, "D": 128,
15:      "mrope_section": (16, 24, 24), "max_pos": 32768},
16: 
17:     # Smaller head_dim and B=2 (tests batch dim and reduced D)
18:     {"B": 2, "T": 2048,  "Hq": 16, "Hkv": 2, "D": 64,
19:      "mrope_section": (8, 12, 12), "max_pos": 16384},
20: 
21:     # Very long context (16k tokens)
22:     {"B": 1, "T": 16384, "Hq": 32, "Hkv": 8, "D": 128,
23:      "mrope_section": (16, 24, 24), "max_pos": 65536},
24: ]

(End of file - total 24 lines)
</content>
assistant
in 531out 230cache_r 17344cache_w 0
assistant
todowrite
args
{
  "todos": [
    {
      "content": "Read reference.py, check.py, benchmark.py, problem.yaml to understand the op",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "content": "Read and understand the mRoPE math from transformers Qwen2-VL",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "content": "Implement initial fused CUDA kernel in solution.py",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "in_progress"
    },
    {
      "content": "Verify correctness with check.py",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "pending"
    },
    {
      "c

... (233 more chars)
tool
stdout (579 chars)
content: 'Read reference.py, check.py, benchmark.py, problem.yaml to understand the op'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Read and understand the mRoPE math from transformers Qwen2-VL'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Implement initial fused CUDA kernel in solution.py'
status: 'in_progress'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Verify correctness with check.py'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Profile with ncu/nsys and optimize'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'medium'
content: 'Benchmark and squeeze performance'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'medium'
assistant
in 6654out 183cache_r 17856cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "nvidia-smi 2>&1 | head -5 && nvcc --version 2>&1 | tail -3",
  "description": "Check GPU and CUDA version"
}
tool
stdout (530 chars)
Thu May  7 13:36:51 2026       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 595.58.03              Driver Version: 595.58.03      CUDA Version: 13.2     |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
Built on Mon_Mar_02_09:52:23_PM_PST_2026
Cuda compilation tools, release 13.2, V13.2.51
Build cuda_13.2.r13.2/compiler.37434383_0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "ls /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/",
  "description": "List problem directory"
}
tool
stdout (77 chars)
benchmark.py
check.py
problem.yaml
PROMPT.txt
reference.py
shapes.py
sota.py
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (215 chars)
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope</path>
<type>directory</type>
<entries>
benchmark.py
check.py
problem.yaml
PROMPT.txt
reference.py
shapes.py
sota.py

(7 entries)
</entries>
assistant
Let me check the environment and existing solution file:
assistant
in 4463out 169cache_r 24448cache_w 0
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/sota.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/sota.py"
}
tool
stdout (1995 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/sota.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """SOTA reference for multi-axis RoPE pre-attention.
2: 
3: Wraps transformers' apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb. The full pipeline (gather
4: per-axis cos/sin from cache, then call the vendor rotation) is timed, matching
5: what the reference and the agent solution do.
6: 
7: If transformers isn't installed or the impl signature has drifted, returns
8: is_available()=False and the benchmark omits the SOTA line.
9: """
10: from __future__ import annotations
11: 
12: import torch
13: 
14: 
15: def _try_transformers():
16:     try:
17:         from transformers.models.qwen2_vl.modeling_qwen2_vl import (
18:             apply_multimodal_rotary_pos_emb as _impl,
19:         )
20:         return _impl
21:     except Exception:
22:         return None
23: 
24: 
25: def sota_forward(
26:     q: torch.Tensor, k: torch.Tensor,
27:     pos_t: torch.Tensor, pos_h: torch.Tensor, pos_w: torch.Tensor,
28:     cos_cache: torch.Tensor, sin_cache: torch.Tensor,
29:     mrope_section: tuple[int, int, int],
30: ):
31:     """q,k: (B, T, H, D); pos_*: (B, T); cos_cache,sin_cache: (max_pos, D)."""
32:     impl = _try_transformers()
33:     if impl is None:
34:         raise RuntimeError("transformers not available for SOTA")
35: 
36:     # Gather per-axis cos/sin and stack into (3, B, T, D) as transformers expects.
37:     cos = torch.stack([cos_cache[pos_t], cos_cache[pos_h], c

... (495 more chars)
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/correctness.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/correctness.py"
}
tool
stdout (4080 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/correctness.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Per-dtype correctness tolerance.
2: 
3: Stanford's KernelBench uses 1e-4 atol/rtol for fp32 and 1e-2 for fp16/bf16.
4: We extend to fp8 (0.1, permissive) and int (exact).
5: """
6: from __future__ import annotations
7: 
8: import torch
9: 
10: DEFAULT_TOLERANCE = {
11:     torch.float32: {"atol": 1e-4, "rtol": 1e-4},
12:     torch.float16: {"atol": 1e-2, "rtol": 1e-2},
13:     torch.bfloat16: {"atol": 1e-2, "rtol": 1e-2},
14:     torch.float8_e4m3fn: {"atol": 1e-1, "rtol": 1e-1},
15:     torch.float8_e5m2: {"atol": 1e-1, "rtol": 1e-1},
16:     torch.int8: {"atol": 0, "rtol": 0},
17:     torch.int32: {"atol": 0, "rtol": 0},
18:     torch.int64: {"atol": 0, "rtol": 0},
19: }
20: 
21: 
22: def _coerce_float(x):
23:     """Accept int/float/str scientific-notation as float; pass through dicts."""
24:     if isinstance(x, (int, float)):
25:         return float(x)
26:     if isinstance(x, str):
27:         try:
28:             return float(x)
29:         except ValueError:
30:             return x
31:     return x
32: 
33: 
34: def tolerance_for_dtype(dtype: torch.dtype, override: dict | None = None) -> dict:
35:     """Lookup atol/rtol for a given dtype, with optional per-problem override.
36: 
37:     The override dict is keyed by str(dtype). Values may be:
38:       - a single number (or a string parseable as float, e.g. "5e-2") -> used
39:         as both atol and rtol
4

... (2580 more chars)
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/roofline.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/roofline.py"
}
tool
stdout (1180 chars)
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/roofline.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Roofline math: achieved TFLOPS / GB/s, peak fraction.
2: 
3: FLOPS and bytes formulas come from the problem's `problem.yaml`. They are the
4: dense-equivalent algorithmic work; kernels that skip work (sparsity, early
5: exit) are still measured against the dense cost.
6: """
7: from __future__ import annotations
8: 
9: 
10: def compute_tflops(flops: float, time_ms: float) -> float:
11:     """flops per invocation and wall time in ms -> TFLOPS."""
12:     if time_ms <= 0:
13:         return 0.0
14:     return flops / (time_ms * 1e-3) / 1e12
15: 
16: 
17: def compute_gbps(bytes_moved: float, time_ms: float) -> float:
18:     """bytes per invocation and wall time in ms -> GB/s."""
19:     if time_ms <= 0:
20:         return 0.0
21:     return bytes_moved / (time_ms * 1e-3) / 1e9
22: 
23: 
24: def peak_fraction(
25:     achieved: float,
26:     peak: float,
27: ) -> float:
28:     """Return achieved / peak, clamped to [0, infinity)."""
29:     if peak <= 0:
30:         return 0.0
31:     return max(0.0, achieved / peak)

(End of file - total 31 lines)
</content>
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/timing.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/timing.py"
}
tool
stdout (2978 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/eval/timing.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """Centralized GPU timing for benchmark.py files.
2: 
3: All problems' benchmark.py should call `time_fn` from here so we have one
4: implementation of warmup, L2 flush, and CUDA event capture to maintain.
5: 
6: Methodology:
7:   - 10 warmup calls absorb Triton autotune (typical ~7 configs) and
8:     torch.compile reduce-overhead CUDA-graph capture.
9:   - Between each timed call, `_l2_flush()` writes 128 MB to evict L2
10:     (Blackwell L2 is 96 MB; we want any prior L2 contents flushed so
11:     we measure HBM-load bandwidth, not L2-cached bandwidth).
12:   - GPU timing via cuda.Event with synchronize() AFTER record() but
13:     BEFORE elapsed_time() — the canonical NVIDIA pattern.
14:   - Reported value is the median of `iters` trials, robust to outliers.
15: 
16: Notes / known biases not addressed here:
17:   - torch.compile(mode="reduce-overhead") gets CUDA graphs which eliminate
18:     launch overhead. Custom Triton/CUDA kernels do NOT get this treatment.
19:     On small shapes where launch overhead matters, this gives compile an
20:     artificial advantage. We accept this as the cost of using the agreed
21:     "compiled" baseline policy.
22:   - cuBLAS / cuDNN allocate workspaces on first call. 10 warmup absorbs.
23:   - Median over a fairly small number of trials (default 30) is fine for
24:     headline numbers but won't catch bimodal distributions. Use --ext

... (1478 more chars)
assistant
in 513out 162cache_r 28864cache_w 0
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware.py"
}
assistant
in 3641out 38cache_r 29312cache_w 0
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware"
}
tool
stdout (171 chars)
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware</path>
<type>directory</type>
<entries>
__init__.py
__pycache__/
m4_max.py
rtx_pro_6000.py

(4 entries)
</entries>
assistant
in 32033out 37cache_r 1024cache_w 0
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/rtx_pro_6000.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/rtx_pro_6000.py"
}
tool
stdout (1170 chars)
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/src/hardware/rtx_pro_6000.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: """RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Workstation — SM120, consumer-lineage Blackwell.
2: 
3: Peak tensor-core throughputs are dense-matrix advertised peaks. Actual kernels
4: will see 60-85% of peak on well-tuned code.
5: """
6: from dataclasses import dataclass
7: 
8: 
9: @dataclass(frozen=True)
10: class HardwareTarget:
11:     name: str
12:     sm: str
13:     vram_gb: int
14:     peak_bandwidth_gb_s: float  # DRAM
15:     peak_tflops_dense: dict[str, float]  # dtype -> TFLOPS
16: 
17: 
18: RTX_PRO_6000 = HardwareTarget(
19:     name="RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Workstation",
20:     sm="sm_120a",
21:     vram_gb=96,
22:     peak_bandwidth_gb_s=1800.0,
23:     peak_tflops_dense={
24:         "fp4": 800.0,
25:         "nvfp4": 800.0,
26:         "mxfp4": 800.0,
27:         "fp6": 800.0,
28:         "fp8": 400.0,
29:         "bf16": 200.0,
30:         "fp16": 200.0,
31:         "tf32": 100.0,
32:         "fp32": 12.0,  # non-tensor-core SIMT fp32
33:         "int8": 400.0,
34:         "int4": 800.0,
35:     },
36: )

(End of file - total 36 lines)
</content>
assistant
in 152out 47cache_r 33024cache_w 0
assistant
Now let me check the GPU architecture detail and write the initial solution:
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run python -c \"import torch; print(torch.cuda.get_device_capability()); print(torch.version.cuda); print(torch.cuda.get_device_name())\"",
  "description": "Check GPU architecture and CUDA version",
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (63 chars)
(12, 0)
13.0
NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Workstation Edition
assistant
in 605out 112cache_r 33152cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "<277 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Determine correct arch flag",
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
command (277 chars)
uv run python -c "
import torch
# Check compute capability
cap = torch.cuda.get_device_capability()
print(f'Compute capability: {cap[0]}.{cap[1]}')
print(f'SM: sm_{cap[0]}{cap[1]}')
# Check if we can use sm_120a
arch = f'sm_{cap[0]}{cap[1]}'
print(f'Arch flag: -arch={arch}')
"
tool
stdout (60 chars)
Compute capability: 12.0
SM: sm_120
Arch flag: -arch=sm_120
assistant
in 13883out 164cache_r 33728cache_w 0
assistant
Now I have a complete picture. Let me write the solution - a fused CUDA kernel that gathers cos/sin from cache per-axis, applies rotate-half rotation, and writes directly in transposed (B,H,T,D) layout:
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (149 lines)
--- /dev/null
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
+
+_CUDA_SRC = r"""
+#include <cuda_bf16.h>
+
+__global__ void mrope_rotate(
+    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_in,
+    __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_out,
+    const long long* __restrict__ pos_t,
+    const long long* __restrict__ pos_h,
+    const long long* __restrict__ pos_w,
+    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ cos_cache,
+    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ sin_cache,
+    const int B, const int T, const int H, const int D,
+    const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
+) {
+    const int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    const int total = B * H * T * D;
+    if (idx >= total) return;
+
+    const int d = idx % D;
+    const int tmp = idx / D;
+    const int t = tmp % T;
+    const int tmp2 = tmp / T;
+    const int h = tmp2 % H;
+    const int b = tmp2 / H;
+
+    const int half_D = D >> 1;
+    const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
+    const long long bt = (long long)b * T + t;
+
+    long long pos;
+    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt];
+    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt];
+    else                       pos = pos_w[bt];
+
+    const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
+    const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);
+
+    const long long in_base = (long long)b * T * H * D
+                            + (long long)t * H * D
+                            + (long long)h * D;
+    const float x_val = __bfloat162float(x_in[in_base + d]);
+
+    const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
+    const float pval = __bfloat162float(x_in[in_base + pd]);
+    const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;
+
+    const float res = x_val * cos_v + rh * sin_v;
+
+    const long long oi = (long long)b * H * T * D
+                       + (long long)h * T * D
+                       + (long long)t * D + d;
+    x_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+}
+"""
+
+_mod = None
+
+def _get_mod():
+    global _mod
+    if _mod is None:
+        _mod = load_inline(
+            name="mrope_ext",
+            cpp_sources="",
+            cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
+            functions=["mrope_rotate"],
+            extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
+            verbose=False,
+        )
+    return _mod
+
+
+OP_TYPE = "rope"
+SUPPORTED_PRECISIONS = ["bf16"]
+HARDWARE_REQUIRED = ["RTX_PRO_6000"]
+
+
+def _build_inv_freq(D, base=10000.0):
+    return 1.0 / (base ** (torch.arange(0, D, 2, dtype=torch.float32) / D))
+
+
+class Model(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, mrope_section, max_pos):
+        super().__init__()
+        assert sum(mrope_section) == D // 2
+        self.B, self.T = B, T
+        self.Hq, self.Hkv, self.D = Hq, Hkv, D
+        self.mrope_section = tuple(mrope_section)
+        self.max_pos = max_pos
+
+        inv_freq = _build_inv_freq(D)
+        pos = torch.arange(max_pos, dtype=torch.float32)
+        freqs = torch.outer(pos, inv_freq)
+        emb = torch.cat([freqs, freqs], dim=-1)
+        self.register_buffer("cos_cache", emb.cos().to(torch.bfloat16))
+        self.register_buffer("sin_cache", emb.sin().to(torch.bfloat16))
+
+    def forward(self, q, k, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w):
+        B, T, Hq, D = q.shape
+        Hkv = k.shape[2]
+        s0, s1, s2 = self.mrope_section
+
+        q_out = torch.empty(B, Hq, T, D, dtype=q.dtype, device=q.device)
+        k_out = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=k.dtype, device=k.device)
+
+        mod = _get_mod()
+        THR = 256
+
+        nq = B * Hq * T * D
+        mod.mrope_rotate(((nq + THR - 1) // THR,), (THR,),
+                         q, q_out, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
+                         self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
+                         B, T, Hq, D, s0, s1, s2)
+
+        nk = B * Hkv * T * D
+        mod.mrope_rotate(((nk + THR - 1) // THR,), (THR,),
+                         k, k_out, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
+                         self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
+                         B, T, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2)
+
+        return q_out, k_out
+
+
+B = 1
+T = 4096
+Hq = 32
+Hkv = 8
+D = 128
+MROPE_SECTION = (16, 24, 24)
+MAX_POS = 32768
+
+
+def get_inputs():
+    q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16) * 0.5
+    k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16) * 0.5
+    pos_t = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
+    pos_h = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
+    pos_w = torch.randint(0, MAX_POS, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64)
+    return [q, k, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w]
+
+
+def get_init_inputs():
+    return [B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, MROPE_SECTION, MAX_POS]
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "content": "<4519 chars \u2014 see diff>"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
in 394out 1554cache_r 47552cache_w 0
assistant
todowrite
args
{
  "todos": [
    {
      "content": "Read reference.py, check.py, benchmark.py, problem.yaml to understand the op",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "content": "Read and understand the mRoPE math from transformers Qwen2-VL",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "content": "Implement initial fused CUDA kernel in solution.py",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "content": "Verify correctness with check.py",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "in_progress"
    },
    {
      

... (235 more chars)
tool
stdout (581 chars)
content: 'Read reference.py, check.py, benchmark.py, problem.yaml to understand the op'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Read and understand the mRoPE math from transformers Qwen2-VL'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Implement initial fused CUDA kernel in solution.py'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Verify correctness with check.py'
status: 'in_progress'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Profile with ncu/nsys and optimize'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'medium'
content: 'Benchmark and squeeze performance'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'medium'
assistant
in 75974out 183cache_r 0cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Run correctness check",
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope",
  "timeout": 300000
}
tool
stdout (4835 chars) — TRUNCATED
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 2774, in _run_ninja_build
    subprocess.run(
  File "/home/infatoshi/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.11.15-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.11/subprocess.py", line 571, in run
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['ninja', '-v']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py", line 119, in <module>
    main()
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py", line 76, in main
    sol_out = sol_model(*inputs)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1779, in _wrapped_call_impl
    return self._call_impl(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1790, in _call_impl
    return forward_call(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py", line 109, in forward
    mod = _get_mod()
          ^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/Ker

... (3335 more chars)
assistant
in 413out 89cache_r 75968cache_w 0
assistant
edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (27 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -57,6 +57,15 @@
 }
 """
 
+_CPP_SRC = r"""
+#include <torch/extension.h>
+void mrope_rotate(
+    torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
+    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
+    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
+    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
+"""
+
 _mod = None
 
 def _get_mod():
@@ -64,7 +73,7 @@
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
             name="mrope_ext",
-            cpp_sources="",
+            cpp_sources=_CPP_SRC,
             cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
             functions=["mrope_rotate"],
             extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "<338 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "newString": "<636 chars \u2014 see below>"
}
oldString (338 chars)
_mod = None

def _get_mod():
    global _mod
    if _mod is None:
        _mod = load_inline(
            name="mrope_ext",
            cpp_sources="",
            cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
            functions=["mrope_rotate"],
            extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
            verbose=False,
        )
    return _mod
newString (636 chars)
_CPP_SRC = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
void mrope_rotate(
    torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
"""

_mod = None

def _get_mod():
    global _mod
    if _mod is None:
        _mod = load_inline(
            name="mrope_ext",
            cpp_sources=_CPP_SRC,
            cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
            functions=["mrope_rotate"],
            extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
            verbose=False,
        )
    return _mod
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
The C++ binding can't find the function declaration. Need to provide a forward declaration in cpp_sources.
assistant
in 1721out 341cache_r 76352cache_w 0
assistant
The approach needs a C++ wrapper function that accepts torch tensors and launches the kernel. Let me rewrite properly:
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (82 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
 
 _CUDA_SRC = r"""
+#include <torch/extension.h>
 #include <cuda_bf16.h>
 
 __global__ void mrope_rotate(
@@ -55,15 +56,28 @@
                        + (long long)t * D + d;
     x_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
 }
-"""
 
-_CPP_SRC = r"""
-#include <torch/extension.h>
-void mrope_rotate(
+void mrope_forward(
     torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
     torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
-    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
+    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
+) {
+    const int total = B * H * T * D;
+    const int THR = 256;
+    const int blocks = (total + THR - 1) / THR;
+
+    mrope_rotate<<<blocks, THR>>>(
+        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(x_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(x_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        pos_t.data_ptr<long long>(),
+        pos_h.data_ptr<long long>(),
+        pos_w.data_ptr<long long>(),
+        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(cos_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(sin_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        B, T, H, D, s0, s1, s2
+    );
+}
 """
 
 _mod = None
@@ -73,9 +87,9 @@
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
             name="mrope_ext",
-            cpp_sources=_CPP_SRC,
+            cpp_sources="",
             cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
-            functions=["mrope_rotate"],
+            functions=["mrope_forward"],
             extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
             verbose=False,
         )
@@ -116,19 +130,14 @@
         k_out = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=k.dtype, device=k.device)
 
         mod = _get_mod()
-        THR = 256
 
-        nq = B * Hq * T * D
-        mod.mrope_rotate(((nq + THR - 1) // THR,), (THR,),
-                         q, q_out, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
-                         self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
-                         B, T, Hq, D, s0, s1, s2)
+        mod.mrope_forward(q, q_out, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
+                          self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
+                          B, T, Hq, D, s0, s1, s2)
 
-        nk = B * Hkv * T * D
-        mod.mrope_rotate(((nk + THR - 1) // THR,), (THR,),
-                         k, k_out, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
-                         self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
-                         B, T, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2)
+        mod.mrope_forward(k, k_out, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
+                          self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
+                          B, T, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2)
 
         return q_out, k_out
 
args
{
  "content": "<5226 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
in 500out 1742cache_r 78016cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Run correctness check",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (4841 chars) — TRUNCATED
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 2774, in _run_ninja_build
    subprocess.run(
  File "/home/infatoshi/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.11.15-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.11/subprocess.py", line 571, in run
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['ninja', '-v']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py", line 119, in <module>
    main()
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py", line 76, in main
    sol_out = sol_model(*inputs)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1779, in _wrapped_call_impl
    return self._call_impl(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1790, in _call_impl
    return forward_call(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py", line 132, in forward
    mod = _get_mod()
          ^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/Ker

... (3341 more chars)
assistant
in 1994out 89cache_r 78464cache_w 0
assistant
edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (27 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
 from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
+
+_CPP_DECL = r"""
+#include <torch/extension.h>
+void mrope_forward(
+    torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
+    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
+    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
+    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
+"""
 
 _CUDA_SRC = r"""
 #include <torch/extension.h>
@@ -87,7 +96,7 @@
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
             name="mrope_ext",
-            cpp_sources="",
+            cpp_sources=_CPP_DECL,
             cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
             functions=["mrope_forward"],
             extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "<3057 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "newString": "<3358 chars \u2014 see below>"
}
oldString (3057 chars)
_CUDA_SRC = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda_bf16.h>

__global__ void mrope_rotate(
    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_in,
    __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_out,
    const long long* __restrict__ pos_t,
    const long long* __restrict__ pos_h,
    const long long* __restrict__ pos_w,
    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ cos_cache,
    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ sin_cache,
    const int B, const int T, const int H, const int D,
    const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
) {
    const int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    const int total = B * H * T * D;
    if (idx >= total) return;

    const int d = idx % D;
    const int tmp = idx / D;
    const int t = tmp % T;
    const int tmp2 = tmp / T;
    const int h = tmp2 % H;
    const int b = tmp2 / H;

    const int half_D = D >> 1;
    const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
    const long long bt = (long long)b * T + t;

    long long pos;
    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt];
    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt];
    else                       pos = pos_w[bt];

    const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
    const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);

    const long long in_base = (long long)b * T * H * D
                            + (long long)t * H * D
                            + (long long)h * D;
    const float x_val = __bfloat162float(x_in[in_base + d]);

    const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
    const float pval = __bfloat162float(x_in[in_base + pd]);
    const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;

    const float res = x_val * cos_v + rh * sin_v;

    const long long oi = (long long)b * H * T * D
                       + (long long)h * T * D
                       + (long long)t * D + d;
    x_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
}

void mrope_forward(
    torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
) {
    const int total = B * H * T * D;
    const int THR = 256;
    const int blocks = (total + THR - 1) / THR;

    mrope_rotate<<<blocks, THR>>>(
        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(x_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(x_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        pos_t.data_ptr<long long>(),
        pos_h.data_ptr<long long>(),
        pos_w.data_ptr<long long>(),
        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(cos_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(sin_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        B, T, H, D, s0, s1, s2
    );
}
"""

_mod = None

def _get_mod():
    global _mod
    if _mod is None:
        _mod = load_inline(
            name="mrope_ext",
            cpp_sources="",
            cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
            functions=["mrope_forward"],
            extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
            verbose=False,
        )
    return _mod
newString (3358 chars)
_CPP_DECL = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
void mrope_forward(
    torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
"""

_CUDA_SRC = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda_bf16.h>

__global__ void mrope_rotate(
    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_in,
    __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_out,
    const long long* __restrict__ pos_t,
    const long long* __restrict__ pos_h,
    const long long* __restrict__ pos_w,
    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ cos_cache,
    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ sin_cache,
    const int B, const int T, const int H, const int D,
    const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
) {
    const int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    const int total = B * H * T * D;
    if (idx >= total) return;

    const int d = idx % D;
    const int tmp = idx / D;
    const int t = tmp % T;
    const int tmp2 = tmp / T;
    const int h = tmp2 % H;
    const int b = tmp2 / H;

    const int half_D = D >> 1;
    const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
    const long long bt = (long long)b * T + t;

    long long pos;
    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt];
    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt];
    else                       pos = pos_w[bt];

    const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
    const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);

    const long long in_base = (long long)b * T * H * D
                            + (long long)t * H * D
                            + (long long)h * D;
    const float x_val = __bfloat162float(x_in[in_base + d]);

    const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
    const float pval = __bfloat162float(x_in[in_base + pd]);
    const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;

    const float res = x_val * cos_v + rh * sin_v;

    const long long oi = (long long)b * H * T * D
                       + (long long)h * T * D
                       + (long long)t * D + d;
    x_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
}

void mrope_forward(
    torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
) {
    const int total = B * H * T * D;
    const int THR = 256;
    const int blocks = (total + THR - 1) / THR;

    mrope_rotate<<<blocks, THR>>>(
        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(x_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(x_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        pos_t.data_ptr<long long>(),
        pos_h.data_ptr<long long>(),
        pos_w.data_ptr<long long>(),
        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(cos_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(sin_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
        B, T, H, D, s0, s1, s2
    );
}
"""

_mod = None

def _get_mod():
    global _mod
    if _mod is None:
        _mod = load_inline(
            name="mrope_ext",
            cpp_sources=_CPP_DECL,
            cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
            functions=["mrope_forward"],
            extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
            verbose=False,
        )
    return _mod
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
The generated pybind code needs the function declaration visible in cpp_sources. Let me fix the split:
assistant
in 1701out 2034cache_r 80448cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "rm -rf /home/infatoshi/.cache/torch_extensions/py311_cu130/mrope_ext/ 2>/dev/null; uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Clear cache and run check",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
assistant
in 2180out 124cache_r 82112cache_w 0
assistant
edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (11 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
     global _mod
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
-            name="mrope_ext",
+            name="mrope_ext2",
             cpp_sources=_CPP_DECL,
             cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
             functions=["mrope_forward"],
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "            name=\"mrope_ext\",",
  "newString": "            name=\"mrope_ext2\","
}
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
in 1590out 84cache_r 84288cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Run check with new extension name",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (2204 chars) — TRUNCATED
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py", line 119, in <module>
    main()
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py", line 76, in main
    sol_out = sol_model(*inputs)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1779, in _wrapped_call_impl
    return self._call_impl(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1790, in _call_impl
    return forward_call(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py", line 141, in forward
    mod = _get_mod()
          ^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py", line 97, in _get_mod
    _mod = load_inline(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 2174, in load_inline
    return _jit_compile(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 2294, in _jit_compile
    return _import_module_from_library(name, build_directory, is_python_module)
    

... (704 more chars)
assistant
in 209out 92cache_r 85824cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "ls /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/",
  "description": "List all problems"
}
tool
stdout (186 chars)
01_fp8_gemm
02_kda_cutlass
03_paged_attention
04_kahan_softmax
05_topk_bitonic
06_sonic_moe_swiglu
07_w4a16_gemm
08_metal_lightning_attn
09_fmha_preattn_mrope
10_patch_embed_conv3d_gemm
assistant
Let me look at how other problems in the repo use load_inline:
assistant
in 1622out 63cache_r 86016cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "for d in /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/*/; do if [ -f \"$d/solution.py\" ] && grep -q \"load_inline\" \"$d/solution.py\" 2>/dev/null; then echo \"$d\"; fi; done",
  "description": "Find solutions using load_inline"
}
tool
stdout (70 chars)
/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/
assistant
in 658out 95cache_r 87616cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "for d in /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/*/; do if [ -f \"$d/solution.py\" ]; then echo \"=== $(basename $d) ===\" && head -5 \"$d/solution.py\"; fi; done",
  "description": "Check solution patterns"
}
tool
stdout (133 chars)
=== 09_fmha_preattn_mrope ===
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_CPP_DECL = r"""
assistant
in 165out 89cache_r 88256cache_w 0
assistant
Let me try a different approach - use Triton instead, which avoids the load_inline ABI issues:
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run python -c \"import triton; print(triton.__version__)\" 2>&1",
  "description": "Check if triton is available",
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (6 chars)
3.6.0
assistant
in 193out 111cache_r 88384cache_w 0
assistant
edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (15 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 __global__ void mrope_rotate(
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_in,
     __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_out,
-    const long long* __restrict__ pos_t,
-    const long long* __restrict__ pos_h,
-    const long long* __restrict__ pos_w,
+    const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_t,
+    const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_h,
+    const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_w,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ cos_cache,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ sin_cache,
     const int B, const int T, const int H, const int D,
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "<122 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "newString": "<116 chars \u2014 see below>"
}
oldString (122 chars)
    const long long* __restrict__ pos_t,
    const long long* __restrict__ pos_h,
    const long long* __restrict__ pos_w,
newString (116 chars)
    const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_t,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_h,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_w,
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
The ABI issue is with `data_ptr<long long>()` - on Linux x86_64, int64_t is `long`, not `long long`. Let me fix the type:
assistant
in 444out 178cache_r 88512cache_w 0
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (6444 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: import torch
2: import torch.nn as nn
3: from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
4: 
5: _CPP_DECL = r"""
6: #include <torch/extension.h>
7: void mrope_forward(
8:     torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
9:     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
10:     torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
11:     int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
12: """
13: 
14: _CUDA_SRC = r"""
15: #include <torch/extension.h>
16: #include <cuda_bf16.h>
17: 
18: __global__ void mrope_rotate(
19:     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_in,
20:     __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_out,
21:     const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_t,
22:     const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_h,
23:     const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_w,
24:     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ cos_cache,
25:     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ sin_cache,
26:     const int B, const int T, const int H, const int D,
27:     const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
28: ) {
29:     const int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
30:     const int total = B * H * T * D;
31:     if (idx >= total) return;
32: 
33:     const int d = idx % D;
34:     const int tmp = idx / D;
35:     const int t = tmp % T;
36:     const int tmp2 = tmp / T;
37:     const int h = tmp2 % H;
38:     const int b = tmp2 / H;
39: 
40:     const int half_D = D >> 1;
41:     const in

... (4944 more chars)
assistant
in 742out 49cache_r 88896cache_w 0
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (97 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -2,18 +2,10 @@
 import torch.nn as nn
 from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
 
-_CPP_DECL = r"""
-#include <torch/extension.h>
-void mrope_forward(
-    torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
-    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
-    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
-    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
-"""
-
 _CUDA_SRC = r"""
 #include <torch/extension.h>
 #include <cuda_bf16.h>
+#include <cstdint>
 
 __global__ void mrope_rotate(
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_in,
@@ -39,9 +31,9 @@
 
     const int half_D = D >> 1;
     const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
-    const long long bt = (long long)b * T + t;
+    const int64_t bt = (int64_t)b * T + t;
 
-    long long pos;
+    int64_t pos;
     if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt];
     else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt];
     else                       pos = pos_w[bt];
@@ -49,9 +41,9 @@
     const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
     const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);
 
-    const long long in_base = (long long)b * T * H * D
-                            + (long long)t * H * D
-                            + (long long)h * D;
+    const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)b * T * H * D
+                          + (int64_t)t * H * D
+                          + (int64_t)h * D;
     const float x_val = __bfloat162float(x_in[in_base + d]);
 
     const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
@@ -60,9 +52,9 @@
 
     const float res = x_val * cos_v + rh * sin_v;
 
-    const long long oi = (long long)b * H * T * D
-                       + (long long)h * T * D
-                       + (long long)t * D + d;
+    const int64_t oi = (int64_t)b * H * T * D
+                     + (int64_t)h * T * D
+                     + (int64_t)t * D + d;
     x_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
 }
 
@@ -79,14 +71,24 @@
     mrope_rotate<<<blocks, THR>>>(
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(x_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(x_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
-        pos_t.data_ptr<long long>(),
-        pos_h.data_ptr<long long>(),
-        pos_w.data_ptr<long long>(),
+        pos_t.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
+        pos_h.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
+        pos_w.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(cos_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(sin_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         B, T, H, D, s0, s1, s2
     );
 }
+"""
+
+_CPP_DECL = r"""
+#include <torch/extension.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+void mrope_forward(
+    torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
+    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
+    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
+    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
 """
 
 _mod = None
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@
     global _mod
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
-            name="mrope_ext2",
+            name="mrope_ext3",
             cpp_sources=_CPP_DECL,
             cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
             functions=["mrope_forward"],
args
{
  "content": "<5524 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
The issue is `data_ptr<long long>()` - on Linux x86_64, `int64_t = long`, not `long long`. Let me rewrite the entire file cleanly:
assistant
in 2577out 1895cache_r 89600cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Run correctness check",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (5 chars)
PASS
assistant
in 1993out 89cache_r 92160cache_w 0
assistant
todowrite
args
{
  "todos": [
    {
      "content": "Read reference.py, check.py, benchmark.py, problem.yaml to understand the op",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "content": "Read and understand the mRoPE math from transformers Qwen2-VL",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "content": "Implement initial fused CUDA kernel in solution.py",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "content": "Verify correctness with check.py",
      "priority": "high",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "c

... (237 more chars)
tool
stdout (583 chars)
content: 'Read reference.py, check.py, benchmark.py, problem.yaml to understand the op'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Read and understand the mRoPE math from transformers Qwen2-VL'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Implement initial fused CUDA kernel in solution.py'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Verify correctness with check.py'
status: 'completed'
priority: 'high'
content: 'Profile with ncu/nsys and optimize'
status: 'in_progress'
priority: 'medium'
content: 'Benchmark and squeeze performance'
status: 'pending'
priority: 'medium'
assistant
Correctness passes. Now let me benchmark:
assistant
in 120out 192cache_r 94144cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Run performance benchmark",
  "timeout": 600000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (893 chars)
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.177 gbps=253.823 ms=0.356
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.481 gbps=690.689 ms=0.131
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.592 gbps=849.351 ms=0.106
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.4719
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.180 gbps=262.510 ms=0.560
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.492 gbps=718.715 ms=0.205
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.624 gbps=910.538 ms=0.161
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.5059
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.071 gbps=111.215 ms=0.199
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.167 gbps=260.978 ms=0.085
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.426 gbps=665.575 ms=0.033
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.3698
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.172 gbps=246.647 ms=1.464
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.466 gbps=668.017 ms=0.541
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.683 gbps=979.386 ms=0.369
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.5441
peak_fraction: 0.4681
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 478out 89cache_r 94208cache_w 0
assistant
47% geomean peak fraction. Let me profile and optimize. First, let me try a fused q+k kernel with vectorized loads and shared memory for the rotate-half partner:
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "<731 chars \u2014 see below>",
  "description": "Profile with ncu",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
command (731 chars)
ncu --set basic --target-processes all -k mrope_rotate -o /tmp/opencode/ncu_report python -c "
import torch, sys
sys.path.insert(0, '.')
import solution
B, T, Hq, Hkv, D = 1, 4096, 32, 8, 128
m = solution.Model(B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, (16,24,24), 32768).cuda().eval()
q = torch.randn(B, T, Hq, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
k = torch.randn(B, T, Hkv, D, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device='cuda') * 0.5
pt = torch.randint(0, 32768, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
ph = torch.randint(0, 32768, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
pw = torch.randint(0, 32768, (B, T), dtype=torch.int64, device='cuda')
with torch.no_grad():
    for _ in range(3): m(q, k, pt, ph, pw)
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
" 2>&1 | tail -40
tool
stdout (537 chars)
==PROF== Connected to process 1768505 (/usr/bin/python3.12)
==PROF== Profiling "mrope_rotate": 0%....50%....100% - 9 passes
==PROF== Profiling "mrope_rotate": 0%....50%....100% - 9 passes
==PROF== Profiling "mrope_rotate": 0%....50%....100% - 9 passes
==PROF== Profiling "mrope_rotate": 0%....50%....100% - 9 passes
==PROF== Profiling "mrope_rotate": 0%....50%....100% - 9 passes
==PROF== Profiling "mrope_rotate": 0%....50%....100% - 9 passes
==PROF== Disconnected from process 1768505
==PROF== Report: /tmp/opencode/ncu_report.ncu-rep
assistant
in 597out 423cache_r 94656cache_w 0
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (180 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -7,88 +7,90 @@
 #include <cuda_bf16.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 
-__global__ void mrope_rotate(
-    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_in,
-    __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ x_out,
+__global__ void __launch_bounds__(256)
+mrope_fused(
+    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_in,
+    const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_in,
+    __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_out,
+    __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_out,
     const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_t,
     const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_h,
     const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_w,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ cos_cache,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ sin_cache,
-    const int B, const int T, const int H, const int D,
+    const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D,
     const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
 ) {
-    const int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    const int total = B * H * T * D;
-    if (idx >= total) return;
+    extern __shared__ float smem[];
 
-    const int d = idx % D;
-    const int tmp = idx / D;
-    const int t = tmp % T;
-    const int tmp2 = tmp / T;
-    const int h = tmp2 % H;
-    const int b = tmp2 / H;
+    const int bt = blockIdx.x;
+    const int h  = blockIdx.y;
+    const int d  = threadIdx.x;
 
+    if (h >= Hq || d >= D) return;
+
+    const int b = bt / T;
+    const int t = bt % T;
     const int half_D = D >> 1;
+
     const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
-    const int64_t bt = (int64_t)b * T + t;
+    const int64_t bt_idx = (int64_t)b * T + t;
 
     int64_t pos;
-    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt];
-    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt];
-    else                       pos = pos_w[bt];
+    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt_idx];
+    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt_idx];
+    else                       pos = pos_w[bt_idx];
 
     const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
     const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);
 
-    const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)b * T * H * D
-                          + (int64_t)t * H * D
-                          + (int64_t)h * D;
-    const float x_val = __bfloat162float(x_in[in_base + d]);
+    const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
+    const float sign = d < half_D ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
 
-    const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
-    const float pval = __bfloat162float(x_in[in_base + pd]);
-    const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;
+    // Process q: load into smem, sync, read self+partner from smem
+    {
+        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(q_in[in_base + d]);
+        __syncthreads();
 
-    const float res = x_val * cos_v + rh * sin_v;
+        const float x_val  = smem[d];
+        const float pval   = smem[pd];
+        const float rh     = sign * pval;
+        const float res    = x_val * cos_v + rh * sin_v;
 
-    const int64_t oi = (int64_t)b * H * T * D
-                     + (int64_t)h * T * D
-                     + (int64_t)t * D + d;
-    x_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
-}
+        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
+        q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+    }
 
-void mrope_forward(
-    torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
-    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
-    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
-    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
-) {
-    const int total = B * H * T * D;
-    const int THR = 256;
-    const int blocks = (total + THR - 1) / THR;
+    // Barrier: all threads done reading q from smem
+    __syncthreads();
 
-    mrope_rotate<<<blocks, THR>>>(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(x_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
-        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(x_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
-        pos_t.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
-        pos_h.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
-        pos_w.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
-        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(cos_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
-        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(sin_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
-        B, T, H, D, s0, s1, s2
-    );
+    // Process k
+    if (h < Hkv) {
+        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(k_in[in_base + d]);
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        const float x_val  = smem[d];
+        const float pval   = smem[pd];
+        const float rh     = sign * pval;
+        const float res    = x_val * cos_v + rh * sin_v;
+
+        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
+        k_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+    }
 }
 """
 
 _CPP_DECL = r"""
 #include <torch/extension.h>
 #include <cstdint>
-void mrope_forward(
-    torch::Tensor x_in, torch::Tensor x_out,
+void mrope_fused(
+    torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
+    torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
     torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
-    int B, int T, int H, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
+    int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
 """
 
 _mod = None
@@ -97,10 +99,10 @@
     global _mod
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
-            name="mrope_ext3",
+            name="mrope_fused_v1",
             cpp_sources=_CPP_DECL,
             cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
-            functions=["mrope_forward"],
+            functions=["mrope_fused"],
             extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
             verbose=False,
         )
@@ -142,13 +144,15 @@
 
         mod = _get_mod()
 
-        mod.mrope_forward(q, q_out, pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
-                          self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
-                       

... (564 more chars)
args
{
  "content": "<5390 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
Good, 47% peak fraction. Let me try a fused q+k kernel with shared memory for the rotate-half partner exchange:
assistant
in 910out 1871cache_r 95232cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Verify fused kernel correctness",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (2236 chars) — TRUNCATED
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py", line 119, in <module>
    main()
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/check.py", line 76, in main
    sol_out = sol_model(*inputs)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1779, in _wrapped_call_impl
    return self._call_impl(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 1790, in _call_impl
    return forward_call(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py", line 145, in forward
    mod = _get_mod()
          ^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py", line 101, in _get_mod
    _mod = load_inline(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 2174, in load_inline
    return _jit_compile(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 2294, in _jit_compile
    return _import_module_from_library(name, build_directory, is_python_module)
   

... (736 more chars)
assistant
in 16573out 90cache_r 96128cache_w 0
assistant
The ABI mismatch is between g++ and nvcc. Let me restructure: the C++ wrapper unpacks tensors and passes raw pointers to the CUDA kernel:
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (136 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@
 from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
 
 _CUDA_SRC = r"""
-#include <torch/extension.h>
 #include <cuda_bf16.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 
-__global__ void __launch_bounds__(256)
-mrope_fused(
+__global__ void mrope_fused(
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_in,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_in,
     __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_out,
@@ -47,7 +45,7 @@
     const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
     const float sign = d < half_D ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
 
-    // Process q: load into smem, sync, read self+partner from smem
+    // Process q
     {
         const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
         smem[d] = __bfloat162float(q_in[in_base + d]);
@@ -55,26 +53,23 @@
 
         const float x_val  = smem[d];
         const float pval   = smem[pd];
-        const float rh     = sign * pval;
-        const float res    = x_val * cos_v + rh * sin_v;
+        const float res    = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
 
         const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
         q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 
-    // Barrier: all threads done reading q from smem
     __syncthreads();
 
     // Process k
     if (h < Hkv) {
-        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * d;
         smem[d] = __bfloat162float(k_in[in_base + d]);
         __syncthreads();
 
         const float x_val  = smem[d];
         const float pval   = smem[pd];
-        const float rh     = sign * pval;
-        const float res    = x_val * cos_v + rh * sin_v;
+        const float res    = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
 
         const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
         k_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
@@ -82,15 +77,43 @@
 }
 """
 
-_CPP_DECL = r"""
+_CPP_SRC = r"""
 #include <torch/extension.h>
+#include <cuda_bf16.h>
 #include <cstdint>
+
+// Forward declaration of CUDA kernel
 void mrope_fused(
+    const __nv_bfloat16*, const __nv_bfloat16*,
+    __nv_bfloat16*, __nv_bfloat16*,
+    const int64_t*, const int64_t*, const int64_t*,
+    const __nv_bfloat16*, const __nv_bfloat16*,
+    int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int);
+
+void mrope_fused_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
     torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
-    int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
+    int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
+) {
+    const dim3 grid(B * T, Hq);
+    const dim3 block(D);
+    const int smem = D * (int)sizeof(float);
+
+    mrope_fused<<<grid, block, smem>>>(
+        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(q_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(k_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(q_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(k_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        pos_t.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
+        pos_h.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
+        pos_w.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
+        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(cos_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(sin_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2
+    );
+}
 """
 
 _mod = None
@@ -99,10 +122,10 @@
     global _mod
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
-            name="mrope_fused_v1",
-            cpp_sources=_CPP_DECL,
+            name="mrope_fused_v2",
+            cpp_sources=_CPP_SRC,
             cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
-            functions=["mrope_fused"],
+            functions=["mrope_fused_forward"],
             extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
             verbose=False,
         )
@@ -143,16 +166,10 @@
         k_out = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=k.dtype, device=k.device)
 
         mod = _get_mod()
-
-        grid = (B * T, Hq)
-        block = (D,)
-        smem = D * 4  # D floats
-
-        mod.mrope_fused(grid, block, smem,
-                        q, k, q_out, k_out,
-                        pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
-                        self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
-                        B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2)
+        mod.mrope_fused_forward(q, k, q_out, k_out,
+                                pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
+                                self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
+                                B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2)
 
         return q_out, k_out
 
args
{
  "content": "<6172 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
in 891out 2145cache_r 112640cache_w 0
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (91 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
 
 _CUDA_SRC = r"""
+#include <torch/extension.h>
 #include <cuda_bf16.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@
         const float pval   = smem[pd];
         const float res    = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
 
-        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
+        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
         q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@
 
     // Process k
     if (h < Hkv) {
-        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * d;
+        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
         smem[d] = __bfloat162float(k_in[in_base + d]);
         __syncthreads();
 
@@ -71,24 +72,10 @@
         const float pval   = smem[pd];
         const float res    = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
 
-        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
+        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
         k_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 }
-"""
-
-_CPP_SRC = r"""
-#include <torch/extension.h>
-#include <cuda_bf16.h>
-#include <cstdint>
-
-// Forward declaration of CUDA kernel
-void mrope_fused(
-    const __nv_bfloat16*, const __nv_bfloat16*,
-    __nv_bfloat16*, __nv_bfloat16*,
-    const int64_t*, const int64_t*, const int64_t*,
-    const __nv_bfloat16*, const __nv_bfloat16*,
-    int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int);
 
 void mrope_fused_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
@@ -99,7 +86,7 @@
 ) {
     const dim3 grid(B * T, Hq);
     const dim3 block(D);
-    const int smem = D * (int)sizeof(float);
+    const size_t smem = D * sizeof(float);
 
     mrope_fused<<<grid, block, smem>>>(
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(q_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
@@ -116,14 +103,25 @@
 }
 """
 
+_CPP_DECL = r"""
+#include <torch/extension.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+void mrope_fused_forward(
+    torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
+    torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
+    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
+    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
+    int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2);
+"""
+
 _mod = None
 
 def _get_mod():
     global _mod
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
-            name="mrope_fused_v2",
-            cpp_sources=_CPP_SRC,
+            name="mrope_fused_v3",
+            cpp_sources=_CPP_DECL,
             cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
             functions=["mrope_fused_forward"],
             extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
args
{
  "content": "<6214 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
in 3133out 2114cache_r 113472cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Check correctness of fused kernel",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (5 chars)
PASS
assistant
in 2735out 91cache_r 116544cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Benchmark fused kernel",
  "timeout": 600000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (896 chars)
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.164 gbps=235.968 ms=0.383
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.669 gbps=960.218 ms=0.094
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.759 gbps=1089.025 ms=0.083
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.6050
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.209 gbps=305.684 ms=0.481
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.672 gbps=981.238 ms=0.150
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.753 gbps=1099.094 ms=0.134
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.6106
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.075 gbps=117.063 ms=0.189
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.169 gbps=263.766 ms=0.084
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.312 gbps=487.447 ms=0.045
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.2708
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.178 gbps=254.901 ms=1.417
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.528 gbps=757.475 ms=0.477
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.835 gbps=1198.691 ms=0.301
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6659
peak_fraction: 0.5080
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 160out 89cache_r 119232cache_w 0
assistant
Good progress - 51% geomean peak. But shape 2 (D=64) regressed due to small block size. Let me optimize with multi-group blocks and separate smem buffers:
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (187 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -17,96 +17,84 @@
     const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_w,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ cos_cache,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ sin_cache,
-    const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D,
-    const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
+    const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D
 ) {
     extern __shared__ float smem[];
 
-    const int bt = blockIdx.x;
-    const int h  = blockIdx.y;
-    const int d  = threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (h >= Hq || d >= D) return;
-
-    const int b = bt / T;
-    const int t = bt % T;
+    const int groups_per_block = blockDim.x / D;
+    const int group_idx = threadIdx.x / D;
+    const int d = threadIdx.x % D;
     const int half_D = D >> 1;
 
+    const int global_group = blockIdx.x * groups_per_block + group_idx;
+    const int active = global_group < B * T * Hq;
+
+    int bt = 0, h = 0, b = 0, t = 0;
+    if (active) {
+        bt = global_group / Hq;
+        h = global_group % Hq;
+        b = bt / T;
+        t = bt % T;
+    }
+
+    // Axis determination
     const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
-    const int64_t bt_idx = (int64_t)b * T + t;
-
-    int64_t pos;
-    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt_idx];
-    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt_idx];
-    else                       pos = pos_w[bt_idx];
-
-    const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
-    const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);
+    float cos_v = 0.0f, sin_v = 0.0f;
+    if (active) {
+        const int64_t bt_idx = (int64_t)b * T + t;
+        int64_t pos;
+        if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt_idx];
+        else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt_idx];
+        else                       pos = pos_w[bt_idx];
+        cos_v = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
+        sin_v = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);
+    }
 
     const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
     const float sign = d < half_D ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
 
-    // Process q
-    {
+    // Separate smem buffers for q and k per group
+    float* s_q = smem + group_idx * D * 2;
+    float* s_k = s_q + D;
+
+    // Load q
+    if (active) {
         const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(q_in[in_base + d]);
-        __syncthreads();
+        s_q[d] = __bfloat162float(q_in[in_base + d]);
+    }
 
-        const float x_val  = smem[d];
-        const float pval   = smem[pd];
-        const float res    = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
+    // Load k
+    if (active && h < Hkv) {
+        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        s_k[d] = __bfloat162float(k_in[in_base + d]);
+    }
 
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    // Compute q rotation
+    if (active) {
+        const float x_val = s_q[d];
+        const float pval  = s_q[pd];
+        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
         const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
         q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 
-    __syncthreads();
-
-    // Process k
-    if (h < Hkv) {
-        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(k_in[in_base + d]);
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        const float x_val  = smem[d];
-        const float pval   = smem[pd];
-        const float res    = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
-
+    // Compute k rotation
+    if (active && h < Hkv) {
+        const float x_val = s_k[d];
+        const float pval  = s_k[pd];
+        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
         const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
         k_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
-}
-
-void mrope_fused_forward(
-    torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
-    torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
-    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
-    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
-    int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
-) {
-    const dim3 grid(B * T, Hq);
-    const dim3 block(D);
-    const size_t smem = D * sizeof(float);
-
-    mrope_fused<<<grid, block, smem>>>(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(q_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
-        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(k_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
-        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(q_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
-        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(k_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
-        pos_t.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
-        pos_h.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
-        pos_w.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
-        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(cos_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
-        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(sin_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
-        B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2
-    );
 }
 """
 
 _CPP_DECL = r"""
 #include <torch/extension.h>
 #include <cstdint>
-void mrope_fused_forward(
+void mrope_fused(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
@@ -120,10 +108,10 @@
     global _mod
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
-            name="mrope_fused_v3",
+            name="mrope_fused_v4",
             cpp_sources=_CPP_DECL,
             cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
-            functions=["mrope_fused_forward"],
+            functions=["mrope_fused"],
             extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
             verbose=False,
         )
@@ -164,10 +152,18 @@
         k_out = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=k.dtype, device=k.device)
 
         mod = _get_mod()
-        mod.mrope_fused_forward(q, k, q_out, k_out,
-                   

... (718 more chars)
args
{
  "content": "<5865 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
in 598out 2046cache_r 119360cache_w 0
assistant
Wait, I see a bug - s0, s1, s2 are not in the kernel signature. Let me fix:
assistant
read /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (6872 chars) — TRUNCATED
<path>/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>
1: import torch
2: import torch.nn as nn
3: from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
4: 
5: _CUDA_SRC = r"""
6: #include <torch/extension.h>
7: #include <cuda_bf16.h>
8: #include <cstdint>
9: 
10: __global__ void mrope_fused(
11:     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_in,
12:     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_in,
13:     __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_out,
14:     __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_out,
15:     const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_t,
16:     const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_h,
17:     const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_w,
18:     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ cos_cache,
19:     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ sin_cache,
20:     const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D
21: ) {
22:     extern __shared__ float smem[];
23: 
24:     const int groups_per_block = blockDim.x / D;
25:     const int group_idx = threadIdx.x / D;
26:     const int d = threadIdx.x % D;
27:     const int half_D = D >> 1;
28: 
29:     const int global_group = blockIdx.x * groups_per_block + group_idx;
30:     const int active = global_group < B * T * Hq;
31: 
32:     int bt = 0, h = 0, b = 0, t = 0;
33:     if (active) {
34:         bt = global_group / Hq;
35:         h = global_group % Hq;
36:         b = bt / T;
37:         t = bt % T;
38:     }
39: 
40:     // Axis determination
41:     const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
42

... (5372 more chars)
assistant
in 11746out 75cache_r 119936cache_w 0
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (131 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
     const int64_t* __restrict__ pos_w,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ cos_cache,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ sin_cache,
-    const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D
+    const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D,
+    const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
 ) {
     extern __shared__ float smem[];
 
@@ -37,7 +38,6 @@
         t = bt % T;
     }
 
-    // Axis determination
     const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
     float cos_v = 0.0f, sin_v = 0.0f;
     if (active) {
@@ -53,17 +53,13 @@
     const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
     const float sign = d < half_D ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
 
-    // Separate smem buffers for q and k per group
     float* s_q = smem + group_idx * D * 2;
     float* s_k = s_q + D;
 
-    // Load q
     if (active) {
         const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
         s_q[d] = __bfloat162float(q_in[in_base + d]);
     }
-
-    // Load k
     if (active && h < Hkv) {
         const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
         s_k[d] = __bfloat162float(k_in[in_base + d]);
@@ -71,7 +67,6 @@
 
     __syncthreads();
 
-    // Compute q rotation
     if (active) {
         const float x_val = s_q[d];
         const float pval  = s_q[pd];
@@ -80,7 +75,6 @@
         q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 
-    // Compute k rotation
     if (active && h < Hkv) {
         const float x_val = s_k[d];
         const float pval  = s_k[pd];
@@ -89,12 +83,39 @@
         k_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 }
+
+void mrope_fused_forward(
+    torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
+    torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
+    torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
+    torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
+    int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
+) {
+    const int groups_per_block = max(1, 256 / D);
+    const int total_groups = B * T * Hq;
+    const int grid = (total_groups + groups_per_block - 1) / groups_per_block;
+    const int block = groups_per_block * D;
+    const size_t smem = groups_per_block * D * 2 * sizeof(float);
+
+    mrope_fused<<<grid, block, smem>>>(
+        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(q_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(k_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(q_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(k_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        pos_t.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
+        pos_h.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
+        pos_w.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
+        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(cos_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(sin_cache.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
+        B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2
+    );
+}
 """
 
 _CPP_DECL = r"""
 #include <torch/extension.h>
 #include <cstdint>
-void mrope_fused(
+void mrope_fused_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
@@ -108,10 +129,10 @@
     global _mod
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
-            name="mrope_fused_v4",
+            name="mrope_fused_v5",
             cpp_sources=_CPP_DECL,
             cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
-            functions=["mrope_fused"],
+            functions=["mrope_fused_forward"],
             extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
             verbose=False,
         )
@@ -152,18 +173,10 @@
         k_out = torch.empty(B, Hkv, T, D, dtype=k.dtype, device=k.device)
 
         mod = _get_mod()
-
-        groups_per_block = max(1, 256 // D)
-        total_groups = B * T * Hq
-        grid = ((total_groups + groups_per_block - 1) // groups_per_block,)
-        block = (groups_per_block * D,)
-        smem = groups_per_block * D * 2 * 4  # 2 float buffers per group
-
-        mod.mrope_fused(grid, block, smem,
-                        q, k, q_out, k_out,
-                        pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
-                        self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
-                        B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2)
+        mod.mrope_fused_forward(q, k, q_out, k_out,
+                                pos_t, pos_h, pos_w,
+                                self.cos_cache, self.sin_cache,
+                                B, T, Hq, Hkv, D, s0, s1, s2)
 
         return q_out, k_out
 
args
{
  "content": "<6742 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
I see the bugs - s0/s1/s2 are missing from kernel params, and the wrapper function needs to be in the CUDA source. Let me rewrite carefully:
assistant
in 2994out 2322cache_r 131648cache_w 0
assistant
edit /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (11 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
     torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
     int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
 ) {
-    const int groups_per_block = max(1, 256 / D);
+    const int groups_per_block = (256 / D) > 1 ? (256 / D) : 1;
     const int total_groups = B * T * Hq;
     const int grid = (total_groups + groups_per_block - 1) / groups_per_block;
     const int block = groups_per_block * D;
args
{
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py",
  "oldString": "    const int groups_per_block = max(1, 256 / D);",
  "newString": "    const int groups_per_block = (256 / D) > 1 ? (256 / D) : 1;"
}
tool
stdout (26 chars)
Edit applied successfully.
assistant
in 2544out 113cache_r 134592cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Run correctness check on multi-group fused kernel",
  "timeout": 300000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (5 chars)
PASS
assistant
in 859out 94cache_r 137088cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Benchmark multi-group fused kernel",
  "timeout": 600000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (892 chars)
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.180 gbps=258.037 ms=0.350
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.492 gbps=705.456 ms=0.128
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.431 gbps=618.463 ms=0.146
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.3436
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.181 gbps=264.505 ms=0.556
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.469 gbps=685.468 ms=0.214
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.423 gbps=618.051 ms=0.238
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.3434
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.063 gbps=98.056 ms=0.226
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.169 gbps=263.565 ms=0.084
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.361 gbps=563.325 ms=0.039
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.3130
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.170 gbps=244.478 ms=1.477
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.466 gbps=668.571 ms=0.540
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.493 gbps=707.602 ms=0.510
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.3931
peak_fraction: 0.3471
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 178out 91cache_r 137920cache_w 0
assistant
That approach was worse. Let me go back to the v3 fused kernel (1 group per block, 2D grid) which gave 51% geomean:
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (125 lines)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -22,63 +22,56 @@
 ) {
     extern __shared__ float smem[];
 
-    const int groups_per_block = blockDim.x / D;
-    const int group_idx = threadIdx.x / D;
-    const int d = threadIdx.x % D;
+    const int bt = blockIdx.x;
+    const int h  = blockIdx.y;
+    const int d  = threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (h >= Hq || d >= D) return;
+
+    const int b = bt / T;
+    const int t = bt % T;
     const int half_D = D >> 1;
 
-    const int global_group = blockIdx.x * groups_per_block + group_idx;
-    const int active = global_group < B * T * Hq;
+    const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
+    const int64_t bt_idx = (int64_t)b * T + t;
 
-    int bt = 0, h = 0, b = 0, t = 0;
-    if (active) {
-        bt = global_group / Hq;
-        h = global_group % Hq;
-        b = bt / T;
-        t = bt % T;
-    }
+    int64_t pos;
+    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt_idx];
+    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt_idx];
+    else                       pos = pos_w[bt_idx];
 
-    const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
-    float cos_v = 0.0f, sin_v = 0.0f;
-    if (active) {
-        const int64_t bt_idx = (int64_t)b * T + t;
-        int64_t pos;
-        if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt_idx];
-        else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt_idx];
-        else                       pos = pos_w[bt_idx];
-        cos_v = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
-        sin_v = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);
-    }
+    const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
+    const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);
 
     const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
     const float sign = d < half_D ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
 
-    float* s_q = smem + group_idx * D * 2;
-    float* s_k = s_q + D;
+    // Process q
+    {
+        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(q_in[in_base + d]);
+        __syncthreads();
 
-    if (active) {
-        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        s_q[d] = __bfloat162float(q_in[in_base + d]);
-    }
-    if (active && h < Hkv) {
-        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        s_k[d] = __bfloat162float(k_in[in_base + d]);
+        const float x_val = smem[d];
+        const float pval  = smem[pd];
+        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
+
+        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
+        q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 
     __syncthreads();
 
-    if (active) {
-        const float x_val = s_q[d];
-        const float pval  = s_q[pd];
+    // Process k
+    if (h < Hkv) {
+        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(k_in[in_base + d]);
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        const float x_val = smem[d];
+        const float pval  = smem[pd];
         const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
-        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
-        q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
-    }
 
-    if (active && h < Hkv) {
-        const float x_val = s_k[d];
-        const float pval  = s_k[pd];
-        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
         const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
         k_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
@@ -91,11 +84,9 @@
     torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
     int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
 ) {
-    const int groups_per_block = (256 / D) > 1 ? (256 / D) : 1;
-    const int total_groups = B * T * Hq;
-    const int grid = (total_groups + groups_per_block - 1) / groups_per_block;
-    const int block = groups_per_block * D;
-    const size_t smem = groups_per_block * D * 2 * sizeof(float);
+    const dim3 grid(B * T, Hq);
+    const dim3 block(D);
+    const size_t smem = D * sizeof(float);
 
     mrope_fused<<<grid, block, smem>>>(
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(q_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
@@ -129,7 +120,7 @@
     global _mod
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
-            name="mrope_fused_v5",
+            name="mrope_fused_v6",
             cpp_sources=_CPP_DECL,
             cuda_sources=_CUDA_SRC,
             functions=["mrope_fused_forward"],
args
{
  "content": "<6208 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
in 619out 2148cache_r 138048cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1 && echo \"---\" && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Check and benchmark v6",
  "timeout": 600000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (904 chars)
PASS
---
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.182 gbps=261.712 ms=0.345
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.479 gbps=687.826 ms=0.131
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.664 gbps=952.277 ms=0.095
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5290
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.182 gbps=265.760 ms=0.553
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.477 gbps=696.749 ms=0.211
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.724 gbps=1056.865 ms=0.139
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.5871
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.071 gbps=111.161 ms=0.199
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.170 gbps=265.897 ms=0.083
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.312 gbps=486.932 ms=0.045
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.2705
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.172 gbps=247.331 ms=1.460
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.464 gbps=665.260 ms=0.543
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.806 gbps=1156.315 ms=0.312
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6424
peak_fraction: 0.4820
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 19274out 104cache_r 138624cache_w 0
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (189 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <cuda_bf16.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 
-__global__ void mrope_fused(
+__global__ void mrope_fused_vec(
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_in,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_in,
     __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_out,
@@ -20,75 +20,87 @@
     const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D,
     const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
 ) {
-    extern __shared__ float smem[];
-
-    const int bt = blockIdx.x;
-    const int h  = blockIdx.y;
-    const int d  = threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (h >= Hq || d >= D) return;
-
-    const int b = bt / T;
-    const int t = bt % T;
+    const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / 32;
+    const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % 32;
+    const int rows_per_block = blockDim.x / 32;
+    const int row = blockIdx.x * rows_per_block + warp_id;
+
+    if (row >= B * Hq * T) return;
+
+    const int bt = row / Hq;
+    const int h  = row % Hq;
+    const int b  = bt / T;
+    const int t  = bt % T;
     const int half_D = D >> 1;
-
-    const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
+    const int ept = D / 32;  // elements per thread: 2 for D=64, 4 for D=128
+
+    const int d_base = lane_id * ept;
+    const int partner_lane = (lane_id + 16) % 32;
     const int64_t bt_idx = (int64_t)b * T + t;
-
-    int64_t pos;
-    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt_idx];
-    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt_idx];
-    else                       pos = pos_w[bt_idx];
-
-    const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
-    const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);
-
-    const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
-    const float sign = d < half_D ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
-
-    // Process q
-    {
-        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(q_in[in_base + d]);
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        const float x_val = smem[d];
-        const float pval  = smem[pd];
-        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
-
-        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
-        q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+    const float sign = lane_id < 16 ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
+
+    // Load q values
+    const int64_t q_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+    float qx[4];
+    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++)
+        qx[i] = __bfloat162float(q_in[q_base + d_base + i]);
+
+    // Partner values via warp shuffle
+    float px[4];
+    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++)
+        px[i] = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, qx[i], partner_lane, 32);
+
+    // Cos/sin per element
+    float cs[4], sn[4];
+    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
+        const int d = d_base + i;
+        const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
+        int64_t pos;
+        if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt_idx];
+        else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt_idx];
+        else                       pos = pos_w[bt_idx];
+        cs[i] = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
+        sn[i] = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);
     }
 
-    __syncthreads();
+    // Compute and write q rotation
+    const int64_t qo = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;
+    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
+        const float res = qx[i] * cs[i] + (sign * px[i]) * sn[i];
+        q_out[qo + d_base + i] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+    }
 
     // Process k
     if (h < Hkv) {
-        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(k_in[in_base + d]);
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        const float x_val = smem[d];
-        const float pval  = smem[pd];
-        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
-
-        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
-        k_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+        const int64_t k_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        float kx[4];
+        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++)
+            kx[i] = __bfloat162float(k_in[k_base + d_base + i]);
+
+        float kp[4];
+        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++)
+            kp[i] = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, kx[i], partner_lane, 32);
+
+        const int64_t ko = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;
+        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
+            const float res = kx[i] * cs[i] + (sign * kp[i]) * sn[i];
+            k_out[ko + d_base + i] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-void mrope_fused_forward(
+void mrope_fused_vec_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
     torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
     int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
 ) {
-    const dim3 grid(B * T, Hq);
-    const dim3 block(D);
-    const size_t smem = D * sizeof(float);
-
-    mrope_fused<<<grid, block, smem>>>(
+    const int rows_per_block = 8;
+    const int total_rows = B * Hq * T;
+    const int grid = (total_rows + rows_per_block - 1) / rows_per_block;
+
+    mrope_fused_vec<<<grid, 256>>>(
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(q_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(k_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(q_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
@@ -106,7 +118,7 @@
 _CPP_DECL = r"""
 #include <torch/extension.h>
 #include <cstdint>
-void mrope_fused_forward(
+void mrope_fused_vec_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
@@ -120,10 +132,10 @@
     global _mod
     if _mod is None:
         _mod = load_inline(
-            name="m

... (967 more chars)
args
{
  "content": "<6964 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
The v3 approach gives ~48% geomean. Let me try a warp-shuffle-based approach that eliminates shared memory and __syncthreads entirely for a more aggressive optimization:
assistant
in 592out 2445cache_r 157888cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1 && echo \"---\" && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Check and benchmark warp-shuffle kernel",
  "timeout": 600000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (903 chars)
PASS
---
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.179 gbps=257.437 ms=0.351
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.504 gbps=722.901 ms=0.125
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.578 gbps=828.766 ms=0.109
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.4604
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.181 gbps=264.719 ms=0.555
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.481 gbps=702.127 ms=0.209
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.627 gbps=915.802 ms=0.161
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.5088
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.069 gbps=107.246 ms=0.206
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.160 gbps=250.616 ms=0.088
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.279 gbps=435.951 ms=0.051
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.2422
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.172 gbps=247.350 ms=1.460
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.469 gbps=673.258 ms=0.536
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.733 gbps=1052.068 ms=0.343
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.5845
peak_fraction: 0.4267
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 12819out 106cache_r 158464cache_w 0
assistant
Warp shuffle approach is 43% - worse. The smem approach (v3/v6) is better at 48-51%. Let me go back to that and also try to squeeze out more perf with `__ldg` intrinsics and ensure coalescing is optimal:
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (182 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 #include <cuda_bf16.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 
-__global__ void mrope_fused_vec(
+__global__ void __launch_bounds__(128)
+mrope_fused(
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_in,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_in,
     __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_out,
@@ -20,87 +21,76 @@
     const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D,
     const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
 ) {
-    const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / 32;
-    const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % 32;
-    const int rows_per_block = blockDim.x / 32;
-    const int row = blockIdx.x * rows_per_block + warp_id;
+    extern __shared__ float smem[];
 
-    if (row >= B * Hq * T) return;
+    const int bt = blockIdx.x;
+    const int h  = blockIdx.y;
+    const int d  = threadIdx.x;
 
-    const int bt = row / Hq;
-    const int h  = row % Hq;
-    const int b  = bt / T;
-    const int t  = bt % T;
+    if (h >= Hq || d >= D) return;
+
+    const int b = bt / T;
+    const int t = bt % T;
     const int half_D = D >> 1;
-    const int ept = D / 32;  // elements per thread: 2 for D=64, 4 for D=128
 
-    const int d_base = lane_id * ept;
-    const int partner_lane = (lane_id + 16) % 32;
+    const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
     const int64_t bt_idx = (int64_t)b * T + t;
-    const float sign = lane_id < 16 ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
 
-    // Load q values
-    const int64_t q_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-    float qx[4];
-    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++)
-        qx[i] = __bfloat162float(q_in[q_base + d_base + i]);
+    int64_t pos;
+    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = __ldg(&pos_t[bt_idx]);
+    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = __ldg(&pos_h[bt_idx]);
+    else                       pos = __ldg(&pos_w[bt_idx]);
 
-    // Partner values via warp shuffle
-    float px[4];
-    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++)
-        px[i] = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, qx[i], partner_lane, 32);
+    const int64_t cache_idx = pos * D + d;
+    const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&cos_cache[cache_idx]));
+    const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&sin_cache[cache_idx]));
 
-    // Cos/sin per element
-    float cs[4], sn[4];
-    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
-        const int d = d_base + i;
-        const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
-        int64_t pos;
-        if (d_mod < s0)           pos = pos_t[bt_idx];
-        else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = pos_h[bt_idx];
-        else                       pos = pos_w[bt_idx];
-        cs[i] = __bfloat162float(cos_cache[pos * D + d]);
-        sn[i] = __bfloat162float(sin_cache[pos * D + d]);
+    const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
+    const float sign = d < half_D ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
+
+    // Process q: load into smem, compute, write
+    {
+        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[in_base + d]));
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        const float x_val = smem[d];
+        const float pval  = smem[pd];
+        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
+
+        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
+        q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 
-    // Compute and write q rotation
-    const int64_t qo = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;
-    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
-        const float res = qx[i] * cs[i] + (sign * px[i]) * sn[i];
-        q_out[qo + d_base + i] = __float2bfloat16(res);
-    }
+    __syncthreads();
 
     // Process k
     if (h < Hkv) {
-        const int64_t k_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        float kx[4];
-        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++)
-            kx[i] = __bfloat162float(k_in[k_base + d_base + i]);
+        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[in_base + d]));
+        __syncthreads();
 
-        float kp[4];
-        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++)
-            kp[i] = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, kx[i], partner_lane, 32);
+        const float x_val = smem[d];
+        const float pval  = smem[pd];
+        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
 
-        const int64_t ko = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;
-        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
-            const float res = kx[i] * cs[i] + (sign * kp[i]) * sn[i];
-            k_out[ko + d_base + i] = __float2bfloat16(res);
-        }
+        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
+        k_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 }
 
-void mrope_fused_vec_forward(
+void mrope_fused_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
     torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
     int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
 ) {
-    const int rows_per_block = 8;
-    const int total_rows = B * Hq * T;
-    const int grid = (total_rows + rows_per_block - 1) / rows_per_block;
+    const dim3 grid(B * T, Hq);
+    const dim3 block(D);
+    const size_t smem = D * sizeof(float);
 
-    mrope_fused_vec<<<grid, 256>>>(
+    mrope_fused<<<grid, block, smem>>>(
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(q_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(k_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(q_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
@@ -118,7 +108,7 @@
 _CPP_DECL = r"""
 #include <torch/extension.h>
 #include <cstdint>
-void mrope_fused_vec_forward(
+void mrope_fused_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_

... (1098 more chars)
args
{
  "content": "<6355 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
in 604out 2227cache_r 171264cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1 && echo \"---\" && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Final check and benchmark",
  "timeout": 600000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (904 chars)
PASS
---
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.174 gbps=249.878 ms=0.361
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.477 gbps=683.742 ms=0.132
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.671 gbps=963.004 ms=0.094
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5350
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.182 gbps=265.330 ms=0.554
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.478 gbps=698.019 ms=0.211
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.722 gbps=1055.045 ms=0.139
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.5861
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.072 gbps=112.253 ms=0.197
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.175 gbps=272.986 ms=0.081
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.325 gbps=507.117 ms=0.044
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.2817
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.172 gbps=246.769 ms=1.463
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.468 gbps=672.115 ms=0.537
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.811 gbps=1163.528 ms=0.310
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6464
peak_fraction: 0.4888
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 4021out 103cache_r 171840cache_w 0
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (190 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include <cuda_bf16.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 
-__global__ void __launch_bounds__(128)
-mrope_fused(
+__global__ void __launch_bounds__(256)
+mrope_direct(
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_in,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_in,
     __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_out,
@@ -21,76 +21,85 @@
     const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D,
     const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
 ) {
-    extern __shared__ float smem[];
-
-    const int bt = blockIdx.x;
-    const int h  = blockIdx.y;
-    const int d  = threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (h >= Hq || d >= D) return;
-
-    const int b = bt / T;
-    const int t = bt % T;
+    const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / 32;
+    const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % 32;
+    const int rows_per_block = blockDim.x / 32;
+    const int row = blockIdx.x * rows_per_block + warp_id;
+
+    if (row >= B * Hq * T) return;
+
+    const int bt = row / Hq;
+    const int h  = row % Hq;
+    const int b  = bt / T;
+    const int t  = bt % T;
     const int half_D = D >> 1;
-
-    const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
+    const int ept = D / 32;  // elements per thread
+
+    const int d_base = lane_id * ept;
     const int64_t bt_idx = (int64_t)b * T + t;
-
-    int64_t pos;
-    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = __ldg(&pos_t[bt_idx]);
-    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = __ldg(&pos_h[bt_idx]);
-    else                       pos = __ldg(&pos_w[bt_idx]);
-
-    const int64_t cache_idx = pos * D + d;
-    const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&cos_cache[cache_idx]));
-    const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&sin_cache[cache_idx]));
-
-    const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
-    const float sign = d < half_D ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
-
-    // Process q: load into smem, compute, write
+    const int64_t q_in_off  = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+    const int64_t q_out_off = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;
+
+    // Precompute axis and pos for each d in this warp's range
+    int64_t pos_arr[4];
+    float cos_v[4], sin_v[4];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
+        const int d = d_base + i;
+        const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
+        int64_t pos;
+        if (d_mod < s0)           pos = __ldg(&pos_t[bt_idx]);
+        else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = __ldg(&pos_h[bt_idx]);
+        else                       pos = __ldg(&pos_w[bt_idx]);
+        pos_arr[i] = pos;
+        cos_v[i] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&cos_cache[pos * D + d]));
+        sin_v[i] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&sin_cache[pos * D + d]));
+    }
+
+    // Process q
     {
-        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[in_base + d]));
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        const float x_val = smem[d];
-        const float pval  = smem[pd];
-        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
-
-        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
-        q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
+            const int d = d_base + i;
+            const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[q_in_off + d]));
+            const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
+            const float pval = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[q_in_off + pd]));
+            const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;
+            const float res = x_val * cos_v[i] + rh * sin_v[i];
+            q_out[q_out_off + d] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+        }
     }
-
-    __syncthreads();
 
     // Process k
     if (h < Hkv) {
-        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        smem[d] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[in_base + d]));
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        const float x_val = smem[d];
-        const float pval  = smem[pd];
-        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
-
-        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
-        k_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+        const int64_t k_in_off  = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        const int64_t k_out_off = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;
+
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
+            const int d = d_base + i;
+            const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[k_in_off + d]));
+            const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
+            const float pval = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[k_in_off + pd]));
+            const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;
+            const float res = x_val * cos_v[i] + rh * sin_v[i];
+            k_out[k_out_off + d] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-void mrope_fused_forward(
+void mrope_direct_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
     torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
     int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
 ) {
-    const dim3 grid(B * T, Hq);
-    const dim3 block(D);
-    const size_t smem = D * sizeof(float);
-
-    mrope_fused<<<grid, block, smem>>>(
+    const int rows_per_block = 256 / 32;  // 8 warps
+    const int total_rows = B * Hq * T;
+    const int grid = (total_rows + rows_per_block - 1) / rows_per_block;
+
+    mrope_direct<<<grid, 256>>>(
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(q_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(k_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(q_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
@@ -108,7 +117,7 @@
 _CPP_DECL = r"""
 #include <torch/extensio

... (1300 more chars)
args
{
  "content": "<7154 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
49% peak. Let me try a different approach - avoid the shared memory overhead and just do direct global reads with L1 caching the partner, combined with vectorized reads using `int4` for 8 bf16 elements at once:
assistant
in 636out 2467cache_r 175808cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1 && echo \"---\" && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Check and benchmark direct global read approach",
  "timeout": 600000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (903 chars)
PASS
---
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.181 gbps=259.748 ms=0.348
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.452 gbps=649.205 ms=0.139
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.745 gbps=1069.214 ms=0.084
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5940
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.172 gbps=251.212 ms=0.585
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.415 gbps=605.864 ms=0.243
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.637 gbps=929.891 ms=0.158
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.5166
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.061 gbps=94.704 ms=0.234
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.149 gbps=232.102 ms=0.095
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.411 gbps=641.783 ms=0.034
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.3565
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.172 gbps=247.098 ms=1.461
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.471 gbps=675.293 ms=0.535
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.844 gbps=1211.366 ms=0.298
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6730
peak_fraction: 0.5209
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 2627out 106cache_r 176384cache_w 0
assistant
52% peak - best result yet! Let me verify stability and try to push further:
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Re-run benchmark for stability",
  "timeout": 600000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (895 chars)
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.178 gbps=255.005 ms=0.354
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.494 gbps=709.180 ms=0.127
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.640 gbps=918.782 ms=0.098
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.5104
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.179 gbps=261.093 ms=0.563
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.448 gbps=654.601 ms=0.225
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.688 gbps=1005.068 ms=0.146
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.5584
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.070 gbps=109.793 ms=0.201
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.167 gbps=261.570 ms=0.085
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.427 gbps=667.826 ms=0.033
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.3710
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.172 gbps=246.941 ms=1.462
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.467 gbps=670.717 ms=0.538
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.841 gbps=1207.219 ms=0.299
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6707
peak_fraction: 0.5161
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 588out 110cache_r 179008cache_w 0
assistant
52% stable. Let me try combining the best aspects: 2D grid (B*T, Hq) for L2 cache locality on cos/sin, with direct global reads (no smem):
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (171 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include <cuda_bf16.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 
-__global__ void __launch_bounds__(256)
-mrope_direct(
+__global__ void __launch_bounds__(128)
+mrope_2d(
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_in,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_in,
     __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_out,
@@ -21,85 +21,63 @@
     const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D,
     const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
 ) {
-    const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / 32;
-    const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % 32;
-    const int rows_per_block = blockDim.x / 32;
-    const int row = blockIdx.x * rows_per_block + warp_id;
+    const int bt = blockIdx.x;
+    const int h  = blockIdx.y;
+    const int d  = threadIdx.x;
 
-    if (row >= B * Hq * T) return;
+    if (h >= Hq || d >= D) return;
 
-    const int bt = row / Hq;
-    const int h  = row % Hq;
-    const int b  = bt / T;
-    const int t  = bt % T;
+    const int b = bt / T;
+    const int t = bt % T;
     const int half_D = D >> 1;
-    const int ept = D / 32;  // elements per thread
 
-    const int d_base = lane_id * ept;
+    const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
     const int64_t bt_idx = (int64_t)b * T + t;
-    const int64_t q_in_off  = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-    const int64_t q_out_off = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;
 
-    // Precompute axis and pos for each d in this warp's range
-    int64_t pos_arr[4];
-    float cos_v[4], sin_v[4];
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
-        const int d = d_base + i;
-        const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
-        int64_t pos;
-        if (d_mod < s0)           pos = __ldg(&pos_t[bt_idx]);
-        else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = __ldg(&pos_h[bt_idx]);
-        else                       pos = __ldg(&pos_w[bt_idx]);
-        pos_arr[i] = pos;
-        cos_v[i] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&cos_cache[pos * D + d]));
-        sin_v[i] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&sin_cache[pos * D + d]));
-    }
+    int64_t pos;
+    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = __ldg(&pos_t[bt_idx]);
+    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = __ldg(&pos_h[bt_idx]);
+    else                       pos = __ldg(&pos_w[bt_idx]);
 
-    // Process q
+    const int64_t cache_idx = pos * D + d;
+    const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&cos_cache[cache_idx]));
+    const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&sin_cache[cache_idx]));
+
+    const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
+    const float sign = d < half_D ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
+
+    // Process q: direct global reads (partner likely L1 hit)
     {
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
-            const int d = d_base + i;
-            const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[q_in_off + d]));
-            const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
-            const float pval = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[q_in_off + pd]));
-            const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;
-            const float res = x_val * cos_v[i] + rh * sin_v[i];
-            q_out[q_out_off + d] = __float2bfloat16(res);
-        }
+        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[in_base + d]));
+        const float pval  = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[in_base + pd]));
+        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
+        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
+        q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 
     // Process k
     if (h < Hkv) {
-        const int64_t k_in_off  = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        const int64_t k_out_off = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;
-
-        #pragma unroll
-        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
-            const int d = d_base + i;
-            const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[k_in_off + d]));
-            const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
-            const float pval = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[k_in_off + pd]));
-            const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;
-            const float res = x_val * cos_v[i] + rh * sin_v[i];
-            k_out[k_out_off + d] = __float2bfloat16(res);
-        }
+        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[in_base + d]));
+        const float pval  = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[in_base + pd]));
+        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
+        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
+        k_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 }
 
-void mrope_direct_forward(
+void mrope_2d_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
     torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
     int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
 ) {
-    const int rows_per_block = 256 / 32;  // 8 warps
-    const int total_rows = B * Hq * T;
-    const int grid = (total_rows + rows_per_block - 1) / rows_per_block;
+    const dim3 grid(B * T, Hq);
+    const dim3 block(D);
 
-    mrope_direct<<<grid, 256>>>(
+    mrope_2d<<<grid, block>>>(
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(q_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(k_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(q_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
@@ -117,7 +95,7 @@
 _CPP_DECL = r"""
 #include <torch/extension.h>
 #include <cstdint>
-void mrope_direct_forward(
+void mrope_2d_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_ou

... (1116 more chars)
args
{
  "content": "<6197 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
in 1039out 2183cache_r 179584cache_w 0
assistant
bash
args
{
  "command": "uv run check.py 2>&1 && echo \"---\" && uv run benchmark.py 2>&1",
  "description": "Check and benchmark 2D grid direct read approach",
  "timeout": 600000,
  "workdir": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope"
}
tool
stdout (904 chars)
PASS
---
shape=0 variant=eager tflops=0.182 gbps=260.624 ms=0.346
shape=0 variant=compiled tflops=0.504 gbps=723.271 ms=0.125
shape=0 variant=solution tflops=0.585 gbps=839.619 ms=0.108
shape=0 solution_peak_fraction=0.4665
shape=1 variant=eager tflops=0.181 gbps=264.292 ms=0.556
shape=1 variant=compiled tflops=0.482 gbps=703.363 ms=0.209
shape=1 variant=solution tflops=0.719 gbps=1049.860 ms=0.140
shape=1 solution_peak_fraction=0.5833
shape=2 variant=eager tflops=0.072 gbps=112.071 ms=0.197
shape=2 variant=compiled tflops=0.161 gbps=251.437 ms=0.088
shape=2 variant=solution tflops=0.307 gbps=480.167 ms=0.046
shape=2 solution_peak_fraction=0.2668
shape=3 variant=eager tflops=0.172 gbps=247.513 ms=1.459
shape=3 variant=compiled tflops=0.468 gbps=672.215 ms=0.537
shape=3 variant=solution tflops=0.812 gbps=1164.789 ms=0.310
shape=3 solution_peak_fraction=0.6471
peak_fraction: 0.4655
RESULT: OK
assistant
in 2665out 109cache_r 180608cache_w 0
assistant
write /home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
diff (174 lines — TRUNCATED)
--- a//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
+++ b//home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include <cuda_bf16.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 
-__global__ void __launch_bounds__(128)
-mrope_2d(
+__global__ void __launch_bounds__(256)
+mrope_direct(
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_in,
     const __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ k_in,
     __nv_bfloat16* __restrict__ q_out,
@@ -21,63 +21,81 @@
     const int B, const int T, const int Hq, const int Hkv, const int D,
     const int s0, const int s1, const int s2
 ) {
-    const int bt = blockIdx.x;
-    const int h  = blockIdx.y;
-    const int d  = threadIdx.x;
-
-    if (h >= Hq || d >= D) return;
-
-    const int b = bt / T;
-    const int t = bt % T;
+    const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / 32;
+    const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % 32;
+    const int rows_per_block = blockDim.x / 32;
+    const int row = blockIdx.x * rows_per_block + warp_id;
+
+    if (row >= B * Hq * T) return;
+
+    const int bt = row / Hq;
+    const int h  = row % Hq;
+    const int b  = bt / T;
+    const int t  = bt % T;
     const int half_D = D >> 1;
-
-    const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
+    const int ept = D / 32;
+
+    const int d_base = lane_id * ept;
     const int64_t bt_idx = (int64_t)b * T + t;
-
-    int64_t pos;
-    if (d_mod < s0)           pos = __ldg(&pos_t[bt_idx]);
-    else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = __ldg(&pos_h[bt_idx]);
-    else                       pos = __ldg(&pos_w[bt_idx]);
-
-    const int64_t cache_idx = pos * D + d;
-    const float cos_v = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&cos_cache[cache_idx]));
-    const float sin_v = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&sin_cache[cache_idx]));
-
-    const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
-    const float sign = d < half_D ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
-
-    // Process q: direct global reads (partner likely L1 hit)
-    {
-        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[in_base + d]));
-        const float pval  = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[in_base + pd]));
-        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
-        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
-        q_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+    const int64_t q_in_off  = (int64_t)bt * Hq * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+    const int64_t q_out_off = ((int64_t)b * Hq + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;
+
+    // Precompute axis and pos for each d
+    float cos_v[4], sin_v[4];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
+        const int d = d_base + i;
+        const int d_mod = d < half_D ? d : d - half_D;
+        int64_t pos;
+        if (d_mod < s0)           pos = __ldg(&pos_t[bt_idx]);
+        else if (d_mod < s0 + s1) pos = __ldg(&pos_h[bt_idx]);
+        else                       pos = __ldg(&pos_w[bt_idx]);
+        cos_v[i] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&cos_cache[pos * D + d]));
+        sin_v[i] = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&sin_cache[pos * D + d]));
+    }
+
+    // Process q
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
+        const int d = d_base + i;
+        const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[q_in_off + d]));
+        const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
+        const float pval = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&q_in[q_in_off + pd]));
+        const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;
+        const float res = x_val * cos_v[i] + rh * sin_v[i];
+        q_out[q_out_off + d] = __float2bfloat16(res);
     }
 
     // Process k
     if (h < Hkv) {
-        const int64_t in_base = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
-        const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[in_base + d]));
-        const float pval  = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[in_base + pd]));
-        const float res   = x_val * cos_v + (sign * pval) * sin_v;
-        const int64_t oi = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D + d;
-        k_out[oi] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+        const int64_t k_in_off  = (int64_t)bt * Hkv * D + (int64_t)h * D;
+        const int64_t k_out_off = ((int64_t)b * Hkv + h) * (int64_t)T * D + (int64_t)t * D;
+
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < ept; i++) {
+            const int d = d_base + i;
+            const float x_val = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[k_in_off + d]));
+            const int pd = d < half_D ? d + half_D : d - half_D;
+            const float pval = __bfloat162float(__ldg(&k_in[k_in_off + pd]));
+            const float rh = d < half_D ? -pval : pval;
+            const float res = x_val * cos_v[i] + rh * sin_v[i];
+            k_out[k_out_off + d] = __float2bfloat16(res);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-void mrope_2d_forward(
+void mrope_direct_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
     torch::Tensor cos_cache, torch::Tensor sin_cache,
     int B, int T, int Hq, int Hkv, int D, int s0, int s1, int s2
 ) {
-    const dim3 grid(B * T, Hq);
-    const dim3 block(D);
-
-    mrope_2d<<<grid, block>>>(
+    const int rows_per_block = 256 / 32;
+    const int total_rows = B * Hq * T;
+    const int grid = (total_rows + rows_per_block - 1) / rows_per_block;
+
+    mrope_direct<<<grid, 256>>>(
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(q_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<const __nv_bfloat16*>(k_in.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
         reinterpret_cast<__nv_bfloat16*>(q_out.data_ptr<at::BFloat16>()),
@@ -95,7 +113,7 @@
 _CPP_DECL = r"""
 #include <torch/extension.h>
 #include <cstdint>
-void mrope_2d_forward(
+void mrope_direct_forward(
     torch::Tensor q_in, torch::Tensor k_in,
     torch::Tensor q_out, torch::Tensor k_out,
     torch::Tensor pos_t, torch::Tensor pos_h, torch::Tensor pos_w,
@@ -109,10 +127,10 @@
     global _mod
     if _mod is None:
         _mo

... (972 more chars)
args
{
  "content": "<6995 chars \u2014 see diff>",
  "filePath": "/home/infatoshi/cuda/KernelBench-Hard/problems/09_fmha_preattn_mrope/solution.py"
}
tool
stdout (24 chars)
Wrote file successfully.
assistant
The 1D grid approach was better (52% vs 47%). Let me go back to it:
assistant
in 630out 2401cache_r 183232cache_w 0